商务英语入门
商务英语要学什么-学什么课程-注意事项
商务英语要学什么-学什么课程-注意事项〔商务英语〕主要学习基本的商务词汇、英语表达，商务英语是清楚、具体、正式、礼貌的，这与一般的英语表达方式有很大的不同。
因此，在学习的过程中，大家也应该学习不同的英语方法来丰富自身的商务英语。
1.掌握基本的商务词汇学商务英语，应该从最基本的词汇开始，因为商务英语词汇是专业的，不管是汉英翻译还是英汉翻译，专有名词都有固定的翻译，不是你随便造一个短语或一个相似意思的句子就可以了。
2.学习商务英语表达例如，我们可以说“To confirm STH〞或“In Confirmation of STH〞来与客户确认某事。
虽然表达的方式有所不同，但意思相同，符合商务英语的规范。
商务英语是清楚、具体、正式、礼貌的，这与一般的英语表达方式有很大的不同。
因此，在学习的过程中，大家也应该学习不同的英语方法来丰富自身的商务英语。
2 商务英语学什么课程1.商务英语开设的主要专业课程有：商务英语学习概论、英语语音、英语语法、英语听力、口语、基础英语、英语写作、商务英语交际、商务英语听力、商务〔英语口语〕、商务英语阅读、跨文化交际、高级商务英语读写、商务概论、经济学、〔管理〕学、金融学、市场营销。
2.商务英语是在熟练掌握英语的基础上，再强调商务。
除了英语听、说、读、写、译、文学、政治、社会文化等方面要求同学掌握并通过国家英语专业四、八级考试外，还涉及商务知识、商务技能、管理、贸易、法律、〔会计〕等商务活动。
3 学习商务英语的注意事项1.复习特定术语，商务英语中有一定的特定术语和商务词汇，在准备商务英语考试的时候，我们应该学习相关的术语和词汇。
在日常工作中，在学习商务英语时，要注意不同行业中不同专业术语的差异，并对相关行业的专业术语进行整理。
2.注意商务场景，学习商务英语有不同的动机和必须求。
商务英语一般用于与老板交谈、开会、交货等场合，所以我们要进行各种商务场景进行商务英语的实战演练。
商务英语入门有什么学习方法
商务英语入门有什么学习方法从背单词开始，要有英语思索的思维，建议在早期使用英汉词典的时候，阅读更多的英文解释，少看汉语解释。
想学好〔商务英语〕，必须有一定的英语基础和基本的英语表达能力。
1.强化听力基础。
学习英语的主要方法是学习音标，不会英语音标，就不会发音。
学习音标并注意发音技巧，要模仿标准的语音语调，注意连读、弱读、爆破音、声音同化等语言现象，解决常见语音问题，克服错误的语音习惯。
2.多次复习。
选择对日常生活或工作有用的文章和故事，可以背诵或复述它们，这样可以提升口语的准确性和流畅性。
3.培养阅读思维。
从背单词开始，要有英语思索的思维，建议在早期使用英汉词典的时候，阅读更多的英文解释，少看汉语解释。
2商务英语怎么入门学习1.商务〔英语口语〕为了避免纠纷，商务英语不能出任何差错，否则会给公司带来损失。
因此，在学习商务英语时，要让对方听得懂，口语表达要准确。
商务英语口语学习是商务英语学习的重要组成部分。
在学习商务英语口语的时候，我们必须要有一个标准的发音，才干说出一口流利的商务英语口语，这样我们才干准确地表达自己的意思，让对方听得懂。
因此，在商务英语的学习初期就应该开始学习发音，掌握发音规律。
2.商务英语翻译商务英语要求学习者言简意赅，避免过度修饰而造成歧义。
因此，我们在学习商务英语时，只要跟随老师的学习进度，尽可能多地学习专业的商务英语翻译，无必须过多修改，保证内容完整就可以了。
商务英语翻译必须要掌握大量的专业词汇，这也是商务英语的特点，会涉及很多行业，而且商务英语非常严谨，不能带有个人感情色彩。
因此，我们在学习商务英语翻译时，不仅必须要背诵大量的商务英语单词，还必须要掌握商务英语的特别含义。
3 商务英语初学者怎样入门提升商务英语的应用能力，前提是要对商务英语有一个大概的了解，并在此基础上对自己的英语能力做出准确的推断。
如果想学好商务英语，必须有一定的英语基础和基本的英语表达能力，这样才干在商务环境中用标准英语进行〔沟通〕和交流。
bec商务英语初级词汇
bec商务英语初级词汇以下是BEC商务英语初级词汇列表：- abroad：adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传- absence：n. 缺席，离开- absent：adj. 不在，不参与- absenteeism：n. (经常性)旷工，旷职- absorb：v. 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响- abstract：n. 摘要- access：n. 接近（或进入）的机会，享用权 v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利- accommodation：n. 设施，住宿- account：n. 会计帐目- accountancy：n. 会计工作- accountant：n. 会计- accounts：n. 往来帐目- account for：解释，说明- account executive：n. (广告公司)客户经理- accruals：n. 增值，应计- achieve：v. 获得或达到，实现，完成- acknowledged：v. 承认，告知已收到（某物），承认某人- acquire：v. 获得，得到- acquisition：n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份- acting：adj. 代理的- activity：n. 业务类型- actual：adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的- adapt：v. 修改，适应- adjust：v. 整理，使适应- administration：n. 实施，经营，行政- administer：v. 管理，实施- adopt：v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人- advertised：v. 公布，做广告- ad：n. 做广告，登广告- advertisement：n. 出公告，做广告- advertising：n. 广告业- after-sales service：n. 售后服务- agenda：n. 议事日程- agent：n. 代理人，经纪人- allocate：v. 分配，配给- amalgamation：n. 合并，重组- ambition：n. 强烈的欲望，野心- amortise：v. 摊还这些词汇都是BEC商务英语初级考试中常见的，熟练掌握这些词汇有助于提高英语水平和商务沟通能力。
实用商务英语入门导论
Unit 1 IntroductionBusiness EnglishGood morning! Welcome to our business English class. My name’s Sunny Lee. You may call me Mr. Lee, or call me Sunny. Business English is indeed very interesting, useful and practical. Here in this class you will have good chances to learn, practice and enhance your business skills as well as your language skills.What will you learn?Unit 2 Business cultureUnit 3 Commercial brandsUnit 4 Commercial advertisingUnit 5 Commercial marketingUnit 6 PaymentUnit 7 International tradeUnit 8 Business writingWhat Is Business EnglishBusiness English belongs to ESP, which is short for English for Specific Purposes orEnglish for Special Purposes.ESP, special English linked to specific professions, subjects or purposes, is applied in specific professional fields with specialpurposes and subject matters.What Is Business English 1. Vocabulary and topics used in:– Business– Trade– Finance– International relations2 . Language and skills needed for business communication:PresentationsNegotiationsMeetingsSmall talkSocializingCorrespondenceReport writingBusiness English is a course for business people and students of business , which can help youto further improve your English language skills; to learn or consolidate your business knowledge and skills;to know about business cultures around the world;to do business with people in the world;to enhance your competitiveness in the company;to improve your career prospects in business.Features of Business English☐词汇特点Features of Vocabulary☐ 1.专门术语及缩略词的大量使用☐FPA: Free from Particular Average☐WPA: With Particular Average☐AR: All Risks☐平安险、水渍险、一切险Features of Business English●价格术语(terms of price)●EXW: Ex Works 工厂交货价●FOB: Free on board 装运港船上交货价●CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight●成本加保险费、运费价●DDP: Delivered Duty Paid 完税后交货价付款条件(terms of payment)1 Remittance 汇付– M/T(mail transfer信汇)– T/T(telegraphic transfer电汇)– D/D(demand draft票汇)2. Collection 托收– D/A(documents against acceptance承兑交单) – D/P(documents against payment付款交单) 3. Payment by L/C(letter of credit)信用证付款– Sight L/C Usance / Time L/C– Confirmed L/C Non-confirmed L/C2. 商务英语用词强调正式规范性☐terminate → end☐in view of → because of☐certify → prove☐for the purpose of → for☐concerning或regarding → about☐inform或advise → tell3. 普通词汇,独特行业词义●如“sales literature”和“negotiating bank”按一般英语应该分别翻译为“销售文学”和“谈判行”，而正确的商务翻译应为“促销资料”和“议付行”。
商务英语初入职场pdf
商务英语初入职场PDF简介商务英语是指一种以商务活动为主要背景的英语语言体系，涵盖了许多不同的语言技能和专业领域，例如沟通技巧、商务写作、谈判技巧等等。
对于职场新人而言，掌握商务英语至关重要。
相信许多刚入职场的朋友都曾遇到过类似的困境：如何快速提高商务英语能力？本文将介绍一份非常实用的商务英语入门资料——商务英语初入职场PDF，帮助职场新人快速入门商务英语。
什么是商务英语初入职场PDF？商务英语初入职场PDF是一份针对商务英语入门的学习资料。
其内容包含了商务英语的基本知识、语法、表达和写作技巧等。
下载这份PDF的读者可以通过学习更好地掌握商务英语的基本技能，提升自己在商务场合的沟通能力。
商务英语初入职场PDF的内容1.商务英语的基本语法：商务英语的语法是学好商务英语的基础。
商务英语初入职场PDF会教你一些基本的语法知识，例如常用的语态、时态和语气。
掌握这些基础知识可以让你更好地理解商务英语的含义。
2.商务英语的常用词汇：商务英语聚焦于商业领域，因此其中涉及的词汇也是非常具有针对性的。
商务英语初入职场PDF会介绍一些商务英语的常用词汇和短语，让你在交流时能够更快速、更流畅地表达自己的意思。
3.商务英语的表达和写作技巧：商务英语的沟通往往需要使用到一些特殊的表达方式和写作技巧，例如邮件的写作格式、会议的开场白、商务演讲的技巧等等。
商务英语初入职场PDF会教你如何掌握这些技巧，提升在商务场合的表达和写作能力。
4.商务英语的文化差异：商务英语往往是国际间的商务活动中使用的语言，因此耳熟能详的表达在不同的国家和地区可能会有着不同的含义。
商务英语初入职场PDF会介绍一些跨文化交流的技巧，帮助你更好地跨越语言和文化的鸿沟。
如何获得商务英语初入职场PDF？商务英语初入职场PDF可以通过一些免费的资源网站进行下载。
相信这对于许多刚进入职场的朋友而言是个非常不错的选择，让你可以在最短的时间内拥有此份优质的学习资料。
商务英语入门 (修订版) Chapter 2
make a profit
part time
2
Chapter
Business Start-up
What Does It Take to Be an Entrepreneur?
See Opportunity Where Others Do Not — See opportunity and build your dream into reality, then realize Chinese Dream.
take some risks.
2
Chapter
Business Start-up
What Does It Take to Be an Entrepreneur?
Personal Traits
Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1955 in a family having rich business, political and community service background. His greatgrandfather was a state legislator and a mayor, his grandfather was vice president of national bank and his father was a lawyer.
Self-Motivated — Keep your focus; — Have your own motivation to go on and get
the work done; — Have the determination to get through the
tough times.
2
Bill strongly believes in hard work. He believes that if you are intelligent and know how to apply your intelligence, you can achieve anything.
商务英语入门术语汇编
Chapter 1 ：Terms sole proprietorshippartnershipgeneral partnershipgeneral partner limited partnershiplimited partner investor creditorliability商务英语入门术语汇编English Definition 中文翻译An organization that is owned, and usually 个人独资企业managed, by one person is called a soleproprietorship.A partnership is a legal relationship between 合伙企业persons carrying on a profit-motivatedbusiness.A general partnership is a business with at 普通合伙least one general partner who has unlimitedliability for the debts of the business.主要合伙人A limited partnership is an arrangement where 有限合伙a person can contribute a business withoutbeing involved in the affairs of the partnership.有限合伙人投资者债权人债务责任corporation The corporation is a legal entity （法人实体），（股份制）公司allowed by legislation, which permits a groupof people, as shareholders or members, tocreate an organization, which can then focuson pursuing set objectives.for-profit company non-profit company limited liabilityunlimited liability 营利性公司非营利性公司有限责任（以出资额为限）无线责任（个人财产也要用于清算）double taxation The corporation has to pay taxes on its profits. 双重课税The stockholders mush also pay income taxon the dividends they receive through ownership.joint venture A joint venture is the pooling of resources and 合资公司expertise by two or more businesses, typicallyfrom different areas or countries to achieve aparticular goal.limited liability A limited liability company(LLC) is a typ有e 限of责任公司companies （LLC）business ownership combining severalfeatures of corporation and partnershipminute structures.会议记录merger acquisition horizontal merger vertical mergerconglomerate merger franchise franchising A merger is the result of the combination of 兼并two or more companies to form a new company.An acquisition is one company buying the 收购property and obligations of another company.A horizontal merger joins firms in the same 横向兼并industry and allows them to diversity orexpand their products.A vertical is the joining of two firms involv纵ed向兼并in different stages of related businesses – a manufacturer merging with a supplier of component products, or a manufacturermerging with a distributor of its products.A conglomerate merger unites firms in 混合兼并completely unrelated industries.A franchise is the right to use a business name 特许and sell products or services, usually in aspecific geographical t erritory.特许经营franchiser franchiseeChapter 2 ：the person who sells a franchisethe person who buys a franchise特许者被特许者Terms bandwagon effect market assessment market niche market research business planEnglish DefinitionBusiness plan is a detailed written documentthat defines the goals of your business anddescribes the means you will use to attainthose goals, the advantages the business will中文翻译从众效应市场评估缝隙市场市场调查企业计划书，企划书have in relation to competition, and thelease agreement resources and qualifications of the owners.A lease agreement is a contract between youand the owner of the property.租赁协议general business license A general business license is assessed 普通经营许可证annually for the privilege of operating abusiness in the jurisdiction.A special license is one that is issued to a business that will provide products or services that require regulation. 特殊经营许可证special licenseChapter 3 ：Terms fringe benefits corporate ethicsethical dilemmaEnglish Definition 中文翻译附加福利corporate ethics are the evaluation of 企业道德corporate activities and behavior as right orwrong.道德困境corporate social Corporate social responsibility is the 企业社会责任responsibility （CSR）awareness that business activities have animpact on society, and the consideration ofthat impact by firms in decision making.corporate culture Corporate culture is described as the 企业文化personality of an organization, includingsuch elements as core values and beliefs,corporate ethics, and rules of behavior.core valuesrisk-taking personality attention-to-detail personalitiesoutcome-oriented personalities customer service people-oriented personalityteam-oriented personalityaggressive personality non-stable personality codes of ethics corporate climateChapter 4 ：核心价值观喜欢冒险的个性注重细节的个性注重结果的个性客服以人为本的个性注重团队合作的个性积极进取的个性不求稳的个性道德规范企业氛围cash float overdraft bank statement 现金流透支银行结单Terms managementEnglish DefinitionManagement is defined as the application of中文翻译管理planning, organizing,controlling functions indirecting, andthe most efficientmanner possible to accomplish meaningfulorganizational objectives.planning Planning is a management function which 计划means defining goals for future organizationalperformance and deciding on the tasks anduse of resources needed to attain them.strategic planning long-range planning / Strategic planning determines the major go 战al 略sof the organization as well as the policies, 划procedures, and strategies for obtaining andusing resources to achieve those goals.规划/ 长期规tactical planning short-range planningoperational planningcontingency planning organizingstructural reorganization directingautocratic leadership democratic leadership controlling organizational structure top-level managers / Tactical planning is the process of developi战ng术规划/ 短期规detailed, short-term strategies about what is to 划be done, who is to do it, and how it is to bedone.Operational planning is the process of setting 运营规划work standards and schedules necessary toimplement the tactical o bjectives.Contingency planning is the process of 应急计划preparing alternative courses of action thatmay be used if the primary plans don’tachieve the organization ’s o bjectives.Organizing is a management function that 组织typically follows planning and reflects howthe organization tries to accomplish the plan.结构重组directing is the use of influence to motivate 领导，指挥employees to achieve organizational goals.Autocratic leadership, the close style of 专制型领导supervision, means providing subordinateswith detailed job instructions.Democratic leadership, the general 民主性领导supervision, is a management style in whichthe manager consults with subordinates aboutjob activities, problems, and correctiveactions.Controlling is a management function that 控制involves verifying that actual performancematches the plan.Organizational structure is the formal 组织结构decision-making framework by which jobtasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated.Top managers are those who take the 高层管理者responsibility of setting organizational goals,defining strategies for achieving them,monitoring and interpreting the externalenvironment, and making decisions that affectthe entire organization.middle-level managers Middle-level managers are those who receive 中层管理者the broad overall strategies, missions, andobjectives from top-level managers andtranslate them into specific action programs.first-level managerssupervisor managerial roles First-level managers are those who emphasize基层管理者directing and controlling the work ofemployees in order to achieve the team goals.主管（基层管理者）经理人角色figurehead role The manager handles ceremonial and 名誉领袖角色symbolic activities for the department ororganization.liaison role leader role The manager interacts with peers and people 联络人角色inside and outside the organization.The leader role encompasses relationships 领导人角色with subordinates, including motivation, communication, and influence.monitor role The manager receives andinformation from many sources.collects 监听者角色disseminator rolespokesperson roleentrepreneur role disturbance handler roleresource allocator rolenegotiator role conceptual skill human skill technical skill The manager transmits special information 传播者角色into the organization.The manager disseminates the organization ’s 发言人角色information into its environment.The manager initiates change. 企业家角色The manager resolves conflicts among 障碍排除者subordinates or between his/her departmentand other departments.The resource allocator role is about decisions 资源分配者of allocating people, time, equipment, budget,and other resources to attain desiredoutcomes.The manager negotiates on behalf of the 谈判者organization.conceptual skill is the cognitive ability to see 概念技能the organization as a whole and therelationship among its parts.Human skill is the manager ’s ability to work 人际技能with and through other people and to workeffectively as a group member.Technical skill is the understanding of and 技术技能/ 业务技proficiency in the performance of specific 能tasks.Chapter 5 ：Terms productionmanufacturing operationinputstransformationoutputsplant locationproduction process manufacturing process assembly process synthetic process analytic process continuous process intermittent process materials managementEnglish Definition 中文翻译Production is the process of transforming 生产inputs such as raw materials into outputs suchas goods and services.Manufacturing is one part of production 制造which means making goods by hand or withmachinery as opposed to extracting thingsfrom the earth (mining and fishing).Operations are the functions needed to keep 运作the company producing, literally any function orseries of functions introduced to carry out a strategicplan.Inputs to the production process are those 投入品resources that will be needed to produce thedesired goods or services.Transformation consists of those production 改造，转换activities that take the inputs and combinethem in some special way to produce the output.The output is the final result of the productio 产n品process.Plant location can mean the difference 厂址的选定between profit and loss for a firm.生产工艺制造工艺装配工艺合成工艺分解工艺连续性生产工艺机械性生产工艺物料管理materials requirements MRP is a computer-based system that uses 物料需求计划planning (MRP) sales forecasts to make sure that needed partsand materials are available at the right placeand the right time.manufacturing resource MRPII is an advanced version of MRP that 制造资源计划planning （MRPII ）allows plants to include all the resourcesinvolved in the efficient making of a product.enterprise resource ERP is a computer-based production and 企业资源计划planning （ERP）operations system that links multiple firmsinto one integrated production unit.purchasing Purchasing is the function in the company that 采购searches for quality material resources.inventoryinventory control manufacturer distributor wholesaler retailer Inventory refers to a list of goods and 库存materials held available in stock.库存控制制造商分销商批发商零售商Just-in-time （JIT ）The idea is to have suppliers deliver their 准时库存控制inventory control products “just in time” to go on the assemblyline.JIT IIjob schedule A job schedule is the plan for a particular job. 准时库存控制二代工作计划schedulingproduction schedule / factory schedule Scheduling amalgamate several job schedules. 制订计划生产计划/ 工厂计划masterscheduleproduction 主生产计划cross-training workers program evaluation and review technique (PERT) chartcritical pathflexible manufacturing systems (FMS) 综合训练的工人项目评估与审查技术路线图关键路径柔性制造系统computer-aided （CAD）computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计计算机辅助生产manufacturing （CAM）computer-aidedengineering （CAE）计算机辅助工程lean manufacturing Lean manufacturing is the production of 精益生产goods using less of everything compared tomass production.modular construction productivityproductivity measurement performance evaluation组合生产Productivity means the amount of product 生s 产o r 率services produced with the resources used.生产率衡量业绩评估quality The quality of a product or service is a 质量customer ’s perception of the degree to whichthe product or service meets his/herexpectations.quality management Quality management is concerned with 质量管理controlling activities with the aim of ensuring that products and services are fit for purpose and meet the specifications. total quality （TQM ）quality circles management TQM infuses the concept of quality 全面质量管理（QCs ）throughout every activity in a company.A quality circle is a group of 6 to 12 volunteer employees who meet regularly to discuss and solve problems affecting their common work activities.benchmarking is the continuous process of measuring products, services, and practices质量管理小组 benchmarking标杆分析法 against the toughest competitors or those companies recognized as industry l eaders.continuous improvementContinuous improvement is a preferred 持续改进method of innovation and produces effective results.quality control （QC ） QC is the measurement of products and 质量控制quality assurance （QA ） services against set standards. QA is about how a business can design the质量保证 way a product or service is produced ordelivered to minimize the chances that outputwill be sub-standard.Chapter 10 ：Termsinternational tradedomestic trade English DefinitionThe exchange of goods and services international bordersThe exchange of goods and services the borderA country has an absolute advantageacross 中文翻译国际贸易 within 国内贸易 absolute advantagein the绝对优势production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing itcomparative advantagethe ability of a country to produce a particu 相l ar 对优势 good at a lower opportunity cost over another countryexchange rateThe price at which one currency exchanges for another is called exchange rate.汇率 currency depreciation A fall in the value of one currency in term 货s 币o f 贬 值 another currencycurrency appreciation A rise in value of one currency another currencyA nation’s balance of paymentssum of all the transactions thatin terms of 货币升值 BOP Payments)(Balanceof (BOP) the take place国际收支between its residents and the residents of allforeign nations.the current account It refers to the net flow of current transactions, 经常账户including goods, services, and interestpayments, between countries.the capital accountthe official accountsum to zero surplusdeficitinternational settlementIt reflects the net change in national 资本账户ownership of assets.reserves The central banks hold quantities of foreign 官方储备账户currencies called official reserves.no overall surplus or deficit, that is, the sum 余额归零of the three components of the BOP mustequal zero.A country’s BOP is said to be in surplus by a 顺差certain amount if sources of funds exceed usesof funds by that amount.A country’s BOP is said to be in deficit by a逆差certain amount if sources of funds are lessthan uses of funds by that amount.trade Ways of payments in the international trade 国际贸易结算letter of credit (L/C) 信用证Bill of lading The bill of lading is issued to the exporter by 提货单the common carrier transporting themerchandise.Draft / Bill of exchange credit check It refers to the instrument normally used in 汇票international commerce to effect payment.信用核查tariff revenue tariff protective tariff It is a tax levied on imports. 关税保护性关税quota An import quota is a direct restriction on the 进口配额quantity of some good that may be importedinto a country.voluntary agreementsembargoregulatory restrictions restraint To avoid the imposition of new tariffs on their 自愿限制协定goods,countriesoftenvoluntarilyrestricttheirexports, which is called voluntary restraintagreements.It is a total restriction on the import or export 禁运of a good.trade Regulatory trade restrictions are indirect 政府监管贸易限制methods adopted by the government toimpose procedural rules that limit imports.capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分私营部门public sector 公共部门公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产realestate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户（美作:checking account ）current-account holder 支票帐户（美作:checking-account holder cheque 支票（美作:check ）bearer cheque, cheque payable t o bearer 无记名支票来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿支票本（美作:checkbook ）endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no c redit given 现金交易概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票纸币（美作:billto pay incash 付现金domestic currency, l ocal currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可兑换货币exchange rate 汇率兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation （货币）贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 贡市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所贡交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份shareholder, stockholder 贡持有人股东dividend 股息红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 贡投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 贡经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行贡par value 股面价格票面价格bull 买手多头bear 卖手空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人借方borrower 借方借款人maturity 到期日偿还日amortization 摊销摊还分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率Discount 折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日偿还日amortization 摊销摊还分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金津贴cost 成本费用expenditure, outgoings 开支支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支间接成本operating costs 生产费用营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入收益earnings 利润收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利总利润利益毛额net income 纯收益净收入收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国收入profitability, profit e arning capacity 利润率赢利率yield 产量收益收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入。
商务英语基础教程(一)
商务英语基础教程(一)
商务英语基础教程
一、课程介绍
•课程目标：掌握商务英语基础知识，提升商务沟通能力。
•课程内容：包括商务英语词汇、商务礼仪、商务写作等方面内容。
•适合人群：商务人士、商务专业学生等。
二、商务英语词汇
1. 常用商务词汇
•marketing：市场营销
•negotiation：谈判
•presentation：演讲
•strategy：策略
•client：客户
2. 商务会话常用词组
•Can I help you?：请问有什么可以帮到您？
•Could you please send me the report?：您可以发给我这份报告吗？
•I’m sorry, I don’t understand.：对不起，我不明白。
三、商务礼仪
1. 商务会议礼仪
•准时出席会议，注意穿着得体。
•在会议中保持礼貌和尊重，不打断他人发言。
•注意对应礼节，如握手、鞠躬等。
2. 商务邮件礼仪
•使用明确的主题，简明扼要地写邮件内容。
•注意语气礼貌，使用正式的称呼。
•确保邮件中没有拼写和语法错误。
四、商务写作
1. 商务报告写作
•确定报告的结构，包括引言、正文和结论。
•使用简明扼要的语言，清晰表达观点。
•包括数据和图表来支持观点。
2. 商务演讲写作
•确定演讲的目标和主题。
•编写演讲稿，注意结构和逻辑性。
•练习演讲，确保流利和自信。
以上是商务英语基础教程的主要内容概述，通过系统学习和实践，您将能够提升商务英语能力，更好地应对商务场景。
商务英语(入门篇)
商务英语Business English入门篇Hi，欢迎你到“商务英语”的“入门篇”中来，很多人都觉得“商务英语”非常“高深”，似乎是“高不可攀”，可是当我们研究了BEC商务英语以及其他商务课程后，发现原来商务英语涉及到的内容并不都是专业得让人“望而却步”，商务英语的学习依然涉及到如何得体的introductions(介绍)、greetings(问候)等等基本的会话，在这些基础上，你才能进一步地学习有关marketing（市场）,sales(销售)等商务方面的知识。
所以把一些比较基本的社交英语以及简单的商务知识放在“入门”篇里学习，比如如何得体的进行“自我介绍”，如何“接听电话”，“收发传真”，“描述产品”以及基本的商务信函写作等等内容。
相信在“入门篇”里的学习使你可以应付外企环境中最基本的工作内容！现在我们就开始“入门”吧，说“入门”自然还要从学会得体的“自我介绍”开始，1. First Meetings 初次见面先预习一下本课中涉及的一些知识点吧：assistant 助理clerk 职员favorable impression 良好印象Personnel Manager 人事经理Managing Director（MD）总裁I'm new.我是新来的。
to be working together. 我们将一起工作。
to look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事初次见面用语：Nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。
告别时用语：It was very nice to have met you. 能见到你我真高兴Hope to see you again. 希望能再次见到你。
第一天到公司上班，You must be nervous.你的心情一定挺紧张。
怎么才能给上级和同事留下 a favorable impression（良好印象）呢？西装革履的你看起来很cool，但你还是没有十分的把握。
商务英语基础知识
（2008-10-30）
一、各类货运提单名词解释 1)提单 BILL OF LADING（简写B/L）是指一种用以证明海上运输合同和货物由承运人接管或装船，以及承运人据以保证在目的港交付的单证。 2)货运提单 HOUSE B/L 是指由货运代理人签发的提单。货运提单往往是货物从内陆运出并运至内陆时签发的。国际货代通常都使用此种提单。一般货代为满足客户的倒签或其他船东无法满足的要求时也使用这种提单。 3)船东提单MASTER B/L 是指由船东签发的提单。 4)已装船提单 SHIPPED OR BOARD B/L 指承运人向托运人签发的货物已经装船的提单。 5)收货待运提单或待运提单 RECEIVED FOR SHIPPING B/L 指承运人虽已收到货物但尚未装船时签发的提单。 6)直达提单 DIRECT B/L 指货物自装货港装船后，中途不经换船直接驶到卸货港卸货而签发的提单。 8)联运提单或称转船提单 THROUGH B/L 指承运人在装货港签发的中途得以转船运输而至目的港的提单。 9)多式联运提单 MT B/L 指货物由海上、内河、铁路、公路、航空等两种或多种运输方式进行联合运输而签的适用于全程运输的提单。 10)班轮提单 LINER B/L 班轮是在一定的航线上按照公布的时间表，在规定的港口间连续从事货运的船舶。班轮可分定线定期和定线不定期两种。 11)租船合同提单 CHARTER PARTY B/L 一般指用租船承运租船人的全部货物，船东签给租船人的提单，或者并非全部装运租船人的货物，而由船东或租船人所签发的提单。 12)记名提单 STRAIGHT B/L 是指只有提单上指名的收货人可以提货的提单，一般不具备流通性。
二．汇票条款 汇票属于金融单据(Financial Documents)，是一种可转让的有价证券。目前绝大多数跟单信用证都有凭汇票支付款项的规定。汇票的各项内容必须严格符合有关条款的规定 ，不得随意涂改。下面是一些国外来证中所常见的汇票条款，供参考。 例1 All drafts must be marked“Drawn under the Royal Bank Of Canada， Montreal L／C No．XXX dated XXX and Banco de Chile， Santiago Credit No．XXX dated XXX．”上述出票条款(Drawn Clause)中有两家银行、两个信用证号码，两个开证日期。前者是转开证行也是指定的付款行或保兑行，后者是原始开证行。由于原始开证行与通知行无代理关系，因此通过另一家银行转开信用证，这样就出现两家银行、两个证号、和两个开证日期的条款，出口人在开立汇票时须按该条款的要求缮制。 注；在一般正常的情况下，出票条款中只打：一家开证行 、一个证号及一个开证日期。 例2 Draft must be drawn for HK$ equivalent of invoice value (RMB)converted at negotiating bank’s buying rate of exchange on day of negotiation． 上述条款摘自香港来证，信用证及买卖合同的币制均为外汇人民币，因汇票须在香港银行以港币支付，所以来证加列上述条款：，我可按议付日中国银行的港币买入价将外汇人民币折成港币开立汇票。例3 Draft to be enfaced with the following clause： "Payable with interest at bank’s current rate of interest pertaining to the currency of this bill from date hereof to the date of payment. 上述条款要求在汇票上注明开证行自汇票开发的日期(即议付日期)起至其转向进口人收回垫款之日止这段时间的利息 ，开证人应按条款规定偿付给开证行。事实上这是开证行与进口人之间的利息结算，与出口人无关。但出口人须按此条款缮制汇票，以符合信用证要求(一般由银行代加)。 例4 Draft at 90 days sight． We are authorized to pay interest at the rate of 9 ％ p．a． for full invoice value at maturity． Invoice and draft must show the amount of interest ． 上述条款是90天远期汇票，见票后起算。开证行被授权按年息9厘计息到期付款。 发票与汇票上必须显示利息金额 。此条款表明货款金额连同利息都可于见票90天后在信用证项下支付，这就是真远期加利息。在发票上应打出Plus 90 days interest XXXX 然后再把货款加利息的总金额打在下面，汇票上应打出：“The amount of 90 days interest at 9％ p．a． being XXXX is included”例5 Drafts for 50％ invoice value payable at sight and for remaining 50％payable at 30 days after sight free of interest．(L／C amount USD20，000)Documents to be released after full pay meritof invoice Value． 上述条款系即期与远期信用证结合，应开两张汇票，半数即期付款，半数见票30天后付款，不计利息。开证行于收到全部货款后放单。 例6 Drafts at 180 days after sight drawn on Snitama Bank Ltd., Tokyo Office． Usance drafts drawn Under this L／C are to be negotiated at sight basis. Discount charges and acceptance commission are for account of accountee． 上述条款由日本银行开来，汇票开立远期见票180天付款， 但可即期议付，其承兑费和贴现费均由开证人负担。对受益人来说是即期信用证，通常称为假远期信用证。 例7 Documentary Credit available with yourselves by payment against presentation of the documents detailed herein．．．．． 上述条款意为：该信用证可由通知行凭受益人提供证内所规定的单据付款，不需要提供汇票。 例8 Available by draft accompanied by the documents specified herein．上述条款需凭汇票支款，但未明确汇票的付款人。此种情况，我汇票应以开证行为付款人。 例9 90％ of the total L／C amount is payable at sight and 10％ will be payable when the buyers issue a no objection certificate for payment of this amount. 这是利比亚来证条款：90％即期付款赎单，其余10％货款 须待开证人签发“无异议证明书”后，开证行才予付款。 什么时候签发“无异议证明书”，条款未作明确规定，这就给出口人带来了事后一连串的催理工作。 例10 We hereby establish this Irrevocable Credit which is available against beneficiary’s drafts drawn induplicate on applicant at 30 days sight free of interest for 100％ of invoice value． "Document against acceptance"． 上述条款见于新加坡来证中，是真远期，见票30天付款， 不计利息，承兑交单(D／A)。这承兑交单是开证行与开证 人之间的事，与受益人无关。汇票到达开证行后经开证人承兑，银行即交付单据。至于信用证项下货款，开证行保证在30天到期时偿付与议付行。
英语初级商务英语(集锦5篇)
英语初级商务英语（集锦5篇）1.英语初级商务英语第1篇_ccruals 增值，应计achieve 获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge 承认，告知已收到(某物)，承认某人acquire 获得，得到_cquisition 收购，被收购的公司或股份acting 代理的activity 业务类型actual 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt 修改，适应adjust 整理，使适应administration 实施，经营，行政administer 管理，实施adopt 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise 公布，做广告2.英语初级商务英语第2篇改进包装方法十分必要。
We’ve informed the manufacturer to have them packed as per your 我们已经通知厂商按你们的要求包装。
Packing has a close bearing on包装直接关系到产品的销售。
Packing also effects the reputation of our包装也影响产品的声誉。
A packing that catches the eye will help us push the醒目的包装有助于我们推销产品。
Buyers always pay great attention to买方很注意包装的情况。
I’m sure the new packing will give your clients我相信新包装定会使您的客户满意。
Different articles require different不同商品需要不同的包装。
Generally speaking, buyers bear the charges of包装费用一般由买方负担。
Packing charge is about 3% of the total cost of the3.英语初级商务英语第3篇完整拼出下列句中空格处的单词(注意是完整拼出)：Although he was a f( )e at school, he became a successful man 失败者He was so c( )s to know what was in the letter that he opened it ,even though it was addressed to his 好奇的Will you be quite f( )k with me about this matter? 坦白的In their school they have an i( )l of ten minutes for 间隔的时间The police watched the cafe to which the robber was known to r( ) 常去答案及解析：正确答案:failure 题目翻译:尽管他在学校是个失败者,最后他还是成了一个成功的人.正确答案:curious 题目翻译:他太好奇信里是什么,就打开了,尽管是寄给他姐姐的.正确答案:frank 题目翻译:你能非常坦白的告诉我这件事吗?正确答案:interval 题目翻译:在学校里,有十分钟的休息时间.正确答案:resort 题目翻译:警察们监视了强盗们常去的咖啡馆.4.英语初级商务英语第4篇找出与中括号内单词意义相近的单词：Steam can [generate] electricity by turning an electricHe earned high [commendation] from the people for hisThe policeman [halted] the speeding car to see if the driver wasI have a [sore] throat fromI will show you the [magnificent] palace of the答案及解析：正确答案:b题目翻译:发电机可以转化让水蒸汽产生电. 选项翻译改变产生停止覆盖正确答案:c题目翻译:他的勇敢赢得了人们很高的赞扬选项翻译报答自毫表扬考虑正确答案:a题目翻译:警察让超速的车停下检查司机是否喝酒. 选项翻译停止发现追捕拿正确答案:d题目翻译:我感冒喉咙痛. 选项翻译强壮微弱干净痛正确答案:a题目翻译:我带你去看国王华丽的宫殿. 选项翻译伟大的古代的钝的彩色的5.英语初级商务英语第5篇Achieving a successful mergerHowever attractive the figures may look on paper, in thelong run the success or failure of a merger depends on thehuman When the agreement has been signed and theaccountants have departed, the real problems may only just If there is a culture clash between the two companiesin the way their people work, then all the efforts of the financiersand lawyers to strike a deal may have been inAccording to Chris Bolton of KS Management Consultants, 70% of mergers fail to live up totheir promise of shareholder value, riot through any failure in economic terms but because theintegration of people is Corporates, he explains, concentrate their efforts before amerger on legal, technical and financial They employ a range of experts to obtain themost favourable contract But even at these early stages, people issues must be takeninto The strengths and weaknesses of both organisations should be assessed and, ifit is a merger of equals, then careful thought should be given to which personnel, from whichside,should take on the keyThis was the issue in 20XX when the proposed merger between two pharmaceuticalcompanies promised to create one of the largest players in the For both companies themerger was intended to reverse falling market share and shareholder However, although thecompanies' skill bases were compatible, the chief executives of the two companies could not agreewhich of them was to head up the new This illustrates the need to compromise if amerger is to takeBut even in mergers that do go ahead, there can be culture One way to avoid this isto work with focus groups to see how employees view the existing culture of their Inone example, where two global organisations in the food sector were planning to merge, focusgroups discovered that the companies displayed very different One was sales-focused,knew exactly what it wanted to achieve and pushed initiatives The other got involved inlengthy discussions, trying out options methodically and making contingency The firstresponded quickly to changes in the marketplace; the second took longer, but the option iteventually chose was usually the correct Neither company's approach would have worked fortheThe answer is not to adopt one company's approach, or even to try to incorporate everyaspect of both organisations, but to create a totally new This means taking the best fromboth sides and making a new organisation that everyone can Or almost there will be those who cannotadapt to a different Research into the impact ofmergers has found that companies with differing management styles are the ones that need towork hardest at creating a newAnother tool that can help to get the right cultural mix isintercultural This involvescarrying out research that looks at the culture of a company and the business culture of thecountry in which it is It identifies how people, money and time are managed in a company,and investigates the business customs of the country and how its politics, economics and historyimpact on the way business is13 According to the text, mergers can encounter problems whenA contracts are signed tooB experts cannot predict accurateC conflicting attitudes cannot beD staff are opposed to the terms of the14 According to Chris Bolton, what do many organisations do in preparation for a merger?A ensure their interests are representedB give reassurances to shareholdersC consider the effect of a merger on employeesD analyse the varying strengths of their staff15 The proposed merger of two pharmaceutical groups failed becauseA major shareholders wereB there was a fall in the demand for theirC there were problems combining their areas ofD an issue of personal rivalry could not be16 According to the text, focus groups can help companies toA develop newB adopt contingencyC be decisive and reactD evaluate how well matched they17 Creating a new culture in a newly merged organisation means thatA management styles become moreB there is more chance of the merger 中华考试网C staff will find it more difficult to adapt to theD successful elements of the original organisations are18 According to the text, intercultural analysis will showA what kind of benefits a merger can leadB how the national context affects the way a company isC how long it will take for a company culture toD what changes companies should make before a merger takes参考答案接解析《Achieving a successful merger》，实现一个成功的并购。
剑桥标准商务英语初级
剑桥标准商务英语初级商务英语是一种专门用于商业交流和商务活动的英语。
随着全球化的发展，商务英语已经成为越来越多人的必备技能。
而剑桥标准商务英语（BEC）是国际上最受欢迎的商务英语考试之一，它分为初级、中级和高级三个级别。
今天，我们将重点介绍剑桥标准商务英语初级考试的相关内容。
首先，剑桥标准商务英语初级考试主要测试考生在商务场景中的英语交流能力。
在考试中，考生需要展示他们的听力、口语、阅读和写作能力。
听力部分主要考察考生对商务会话和讲话的理解能力，口语部分主要考察考生在商务场景中的交流能力，阅读和写作部分则主要考察考生对商务文件和邮件的理解和书写能力。
其次，剑桥标准商务英语初级考试的内容涵盖了商务活动中常见的各个方面，比如商务会议、商务信函、商务谈判、商务旅行等。
因此，考生在备考过程中需要熟悉商务英语中常用的词汇和表达方式，同时也需要了解商务文化和礼仪。
在备考过程中，考生可以通过参加培训班、阅读商务英语教材、练习真题等方式来提高自己的商务英语能力。
此外，考生还可以通过与外国商务人士交流、观看商务英语视频等方式来提升自己的商务英语水平。
最后，剑桥标准商务英语初级考试对于考生来说是一个很好的机会，通过考试可以获得国际认可的商务英语证书，这对于求职和职业发展都是非常有益的。
因此，考生在备考过程中要有充分的信心和决心，努力提高自己的商务英语能力，争取取得优异的成绩。
总之，剑桥标准商务英语初级考试是一个考察考生在商务场景中英语交流能力的重要考试，备考过程中考生需要全面提高自己的听力、口语、阅读和写作能力，熟悉商务英语中的常用词汇和表达方式，了解商务文化和礼仪，通过努力取得优异的成绩。
希望考生们都能在考试中取得理想的成绩，为自己的职业发展打下坚实的基础。
基础商务英语
宏观介绍 介绍美的微波炉制造有限公司 Midea Microwave Oven Manufacturing Co., Ltd (Midea Microwave Oven) is a professional microwave oven manufacturer, which is one of the key subsidiaries of MD Holding Co. Ltd, a leading manufacturer of home appliances in China. 地点和规模： Located in the Third Industrial Area of Midea Industrial City, Shunde District, Foshan City, it occupies an area of 100 thousand square meters , has more than 2000 employees and 10 automatic assemblies, with annual output reaching 10 million sets.
That’s interesting. （7）—What are you doing at the moment?
—Right now I’m planning( the training program for the next year. )
第二节：介绍公司部门和职务
示范练习 Interviewer：Tell me something about your work, Frank. / Could you tell me something about your work, Frank? / What do you do, Frank? Frank：I work in the purchasing department. I am responsible for buying everything the company needs—from ball-point pens to the raw materials and components we need to make our products. Interviewer：And what are you doing at the moment? Frank：Well, people in Accounts have asked for some new chairs, so I’m looking for a supplier of office furniture.
零基础学商务英语难不难
零基础学商务英语难不难1. 商务英语的难点主要在听力上，听力也是最容易掉分的部分。
然后就是阅读，因为阅读的时间很短，常常没有时间去做。
而作文只要格式正确，语法错误不多，平常多注意学习，难度不会太大。
〔英语口语〕是最轻松的，因为多说多练就会有语感，如果能稍加训练，通过还是比较容易的。
2.学习商务英语和学习其他种类的英语本质上是一样的。
无非是学习一门语言，但商务英语所涉及的内容都与商务、工作有关。
只要认清这一本质，学习商务英语就会容易得多。
然后合计你自己的实际状况，条件不好的可以选择自学，条件好的可以选择培训机构。
但自学的难度不言而喻，因为它涉及大量的专业知识和专业工作。
在学习过程中，记笔记，记下不熟悉的单词和从句。
查字典，或者找一些相关的句型背下来学习，效果会更好。
2 零基础学习商务英语的方法1.必须把基础打好从零开始学英语，必须先打好基础。
有三种方法可以打好扎实的基础：多记、多背、多读。
单词一定要背熟，如果对单词不熟悉，想说一段话都不知道该怎么说。
发音必须要标准，这是不可忽视的。
如果你的发音不标准，别人就会很难理解你的话，这样的交流就没有意义了。
人们或许能听懂日常英语，但如果是人们不常使用的专业语言，就很难理解了。
因此，商务英语的发音必须准确。
2.不说哑巴英语以前我们认为英语只是为了考试，只要能写就行了。
后来出来工作了，才意识到英语口语是如此重要。
很多工作都必须要使用英语，能够流利地说英语对工作和晋升有很大帮助。
学习商务英语的目的不是为了考试，而是为了在工作必须要的时候派上用场。
例如，有时客户是外国人，必须用英语与他们交流，所以商务英语口语是非常重要的。
为了更好地掌握英语，常常说是很有必要的。
3 零基础怎样学商务英语1.补充词汇可看一些专业商务英语书籍。
例如《国际贸易实务英文版》《剑桥初中商务英语高级教材》，这些都是商务英语专业同学必读的书。
书中涵盖了最基本的商务英语词汇，对话和解释，帮助想要提升商务英语能力的人打好词汇基础。
《商务英语入门》
Joint Ventures
• Joint Ventures: the pooling of resources
and expertise by two or more business ,typically from different areas or countries to achieve a particular goal .the risks and rewards of the enterprise are also shared (eg:HewlettPackard and Samsung)
legislation ,which permits a group of people ,as shareholders (for-profit companies) or members (non-profit companies), to create an organization, which can then focus on pursuing set objective ,and empowered with legal rights which are usually only reserved for individual ,such as to sue or be sued ,own property ,hire employees or loan and borrow money
Questions for discussion
• What ownership is a joint venture
similar to ?why ?
• What are the advantage of a joint
venture ?
????
Corporation
零基础学习商务英语
零基础学习商务英语1.单词的初步记忆;刚接触英语这门学科要先了解每单元要接触的单词，清晨早起多背几遍，通过书写强化记忆，第一次记单词一定要看清楚写正确，第一次记错很难改正。
2.单词文章结合学习;单词记忆的差不多的时候，开始看文章，找到每个单词在文章中哪句话，摘录出来试着翻译。
把单词带到文章中学习记忆效果更好，更容易记忆和方便后期应用。
3.阅读文章;接下来就是要接触文章，把文章先大致浏览一遍，了解文章描述的主题概念，再细读，刚开始一字一句看，碰到不会的单词及时标注查阅记录，这样不仅会不知不觉中扩展自己词汇量同时也会锻炼自己阅读文章能力。
4.涉猎范围扩展。
除了看课本文章之外，通过阅读一些英语杂志，报纸等自己喜爱的版块内容，更容易激发自己学习兴趣，比如一些英语笑话，美文或者时尚科技等内容。
5.听英语。
除了看和英语相关内容，也可以通过听来提升自己英语水平。
可以听一些英文电影，音乐，在故事情节或者音乐节奏中感受英语内容。
3商务英语考试怎么准备1.听力：基础与技巧"双重考验'听力是大部分同学比较弱的一门，听起来觉得比较困难，要不就是听不懂，要不就是听懂了也不知道题目怎么作答。
第一种状况，完全是底子的问题;而第二种状况就是对〔雅思〕听力的题目不了解，不知道做题技巧，而这是可以在培训班中学到的。
还有一个就是口音的问题。
推举大家有时间多听听BBC的广播，或者选择原版电影或音乐。
有两部电影值得大家感受"英音'的魅力，一部叫《BECOMING JANE》(安妮海瑟薇主演)，而另外一部就是新版的《PRIDE AND PREJUDICE》(凯拉奈特莉主演)，看完之后，相信你一定会爱上"英音';而"澳大利亚音'也是比较有特点的，可以去看《AUSTRALIA》(妮可基德曼和休杰克曼主演);还有就是人见人"恨'的印度口音，2009年的奥斯卡大赢家《SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE》给了我们体验印度英语的好机会。
职场商务英语口语的入门教材
【导语】对于初⼊职场想要学习商务英语的⼈来说，选择⼀些⼝语培训班是个不错的选择，但是也可以选择⾃⼰⼀些教程进⾏学习。
以下是整理的职场商务英语⼝语的⼊门教材，欢迎阅读！1.职场商务英语⼝语的⼊门教材 1.《新概念英语》 这套教材的知识体系⾮常完整，很多⼈从⼩学开始就在⽤，虽然⾥⾯的商务知识⽐较少，但也涵盖⼀些商务英语表达，能让读者在阅读、⼝语、写作⼏项基本技能得到的提升。
2.《环球英语教程》 全套教程共分六级(⼊门和⼀到五级)，分别针对初级到中、⾼级英语⽔平的青少年及成⼈学习者。
语法、词汇贯穿全书，⽽且与语⾳训练紧密结合。
注重跨⽂化交际，将英语学习置于世界⽂化环境中。
3.《Express Ways》 这套教材能全⾯训练听说读写，重点提⾼⼝语技能;引导你从最简单的⽇常场景练起，从求职⾯试、接待顾客到与权威⼈⼠交谈等最现代化的⽣活题材。
是很多商务⼈⼠最爱的⾃学辅助材料，能提升你选择话题、打开话题，以及表述、询问等⽅⾯的谈话技能。
4.《商务英语：初⼊职场》 共有⼗个单元的内容，涉及求职、职场礼仪、市场、⼴告、财务、沟通、团队合作、企业战略等丰富主题。
特别值得⼀提的是，教材还为学⽣提供了与各单元主题相关的丰富拓展材料，体验真实商务情境，从容应对职场挑战。
5.《新剑桥⽣活与商务英语365》 这个系列分三个级别，主要针对在职⼈员，是⼀套将⼯作和⽣活融为⼀体，时尚⽽系统的新锐商务英语教材。
初⼊职场的⼈如果能把这套教材吃透，商务英语表达能⼒绝对能突飞猛进。
2.常⽤职场英语⼝语句⼦ 1. You're in the pink! 要想说⼈⽓⾊好，"You look fine!"当然不错，可如果你说"You're in the pink!"就妙得多了，实际上，在英语⼝语中，巧妙使⽤⼀些表⽰颜⾊的词能使得句⼦⾮常形象⽣动。
2. He is bouncy. "他精⼒充沛"美国⼈通常说："He is bouncy."，⽽不说"He is energetic"，牢记⼀些⽇常对话中的句式是你⽣活中⼀把必备的钥匙。
商务英语入门第七章_外教社修订版
2021/10/10
9
7
Chapter
Human Resource Management
What Is Human Resource Management?
— The human resource management (HRM) process is an ongoing procedure that tries to keep the organization supplied with the right people in the right positions.
2021/10/10
10
7
Chapter
Human Resource Management
What Is Human Resource Management?
Additional Info
— HRM is based on the efficient utilization of employees to achieve two main goals within a company.
商务英语入门的常用词汇(精选)
1.商务英语入门的常用词汇socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原holding company 控股公司rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产2.雅思口语的备考重点1.词汇词汇既然做为雅思考试口语评分标准的一部分，那就会一定程度上影响到考生的分数。
商务英语入门教案.doc
Teaching Plan for Introduction To Business EnglishWeeks 1・2 Unit 1: Forms of Business OwnershipTeaching Periods: 4L Teaching Objectives1.To be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unit2.To know the basic concept of what is sole proprietorships3・ To understand the difference between sole proprietorships and partnerships4.To understand the difference between corporation and limited liability company5.To know general content of Mergers and Acquisitions6.To know the features of franchisingIL Teaching Focus and DifficultiesA. Teaching focus:1.To understand the difference between sole proprietorships and partnerships2.To understand the difference between corporation and limited liability company3.To be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unitB・ Teaching Difficulties:1 ・ To know the features of franchising2.To understand the difference between sole proprietorships and partnerships3.To understand the difference between corporation and limited liability companyIIL Teaching Contents and ProceduresChicken soup for the soul:Life is like a piano・ White keys represents joy. Black shows sadness. As you go through life, remember that the black keys make music too.Lead-in Question:How many Chinese and foreign companies can you name?Group discussion:What is your most admired company?What companies do you wish to work for?Sole ProprietorshipsAn organization that is owned and managed by one person is called a sole proprietorship・Features:1 .Provides the capital by one person.2.Operates the business aided by several employees・3.Owns all the assets of the business and the profit generated by it.4.Assumes complete responsibility.Advantage:1.You can be your own boss.2.The easiest form of business to start・3.Be flexible to the changing circumstances of the market・Disadvantage:l.It is difficult for the owner to raise capital.2.Business liabilities are the owner's liabilities.ck of stability.4.The owner's knowledge and experience is limited・PartnershipsA partnership is legal relationship between persons carrying on a profit-motivated business.A. General partnershipB. Limited partnershipFeatures of general partnership:• 1 .Two or more individuals own the business •• 2.Each partner contributes time, money, property, labor or skill.• 3.Partners share profits and losses according to a plan specified by agreement between them.• 4.Each partner can incur debt and sign contracts・• 5.All partners arc liable for business debts-Features of limited partnership:• 1 .Includes one or more general partners and one or more limited partners.• 2.The general partners arrange and run the business・• 3.The limited partners are investors only.• 4.Thc limited partner's liability is limited liability.• 5.The general partner^ liability is unlimited liability・Advantage:•l.More people, more skills and more resources.• 2.Share business losses and risks with partners.Disadvantage:•l.The division of profits can cause conflicts.• 2.There may be disagreement among partners・Joint Venture• A joint venture is the pooling 联合of resources and expertise by two or more businesses, typically from different areas or countries to achieve a particular goal.For example:• 1.Business expansion• 2.Development of new products• 3.Moving into new markets, particularly overseasAdvantage:1 .Access to new market.2.Increase capacity.3.Share risks with the partner4.A ccess to specialized staff and technology.Disadvantage:1.The partners do not share the common objectives-2.Unequal position in the business.3.Different cultures and management styles result in poor co-operation between the partners ・CorporationsThe corporation is a legal entity, allowed by legislation, which permits a group of people to create an organization, which can then focus on pursuing set objectives.Features of corporations:• 1. Owned by stockholders, but not necessarily managed by a stockholder.• 2.Liable for its own debts and taxes.Advantage:• 1 .Limited liability of owners.• 2.Skilled management team・• 3. Greater capital base.• 5. Stability.Disadvantage:1 .Multiple taxation.2.Difficulty and expense of starting・ernment involvement.4.personal interest・Mergers and AcquisitionsA Merger is the result of the combination of two companies to form a new company.A Acquisition is one company buying the property and obligations of another company. FranchisesA franchises is the right to use a business name and sell products or services, usually in a specific geographical territory.Features of franchises:• 1.Reduce risk and receive support.• 2.The preliminary work has been done・• 3.The customer base may be set and with good name recognition.• 4.Receive management assistance 管理辅助and training from the franchiser.IV< Assignments1 .Finish exercises of this chapter in the textbook.(written)2.Group work: Make a dialogue of greeting businessmen, (spoken)V. ReflectionsAt the end of this session, the students should be able to:Be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unitUnderstand the difference between sole proprietorships and partnerships as well as that between corporation and limited liability companyKnow the general content of Mergers and Acquisitions and the features of franchising Teaching Plan for Introduction To Business EnglishWeeks 3・5 Unit 2: Business Start-upTeaching Periods: 6L Teaching Objectives1・ To be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unit2.To know: What Does it Take to Be an Entrepreneur3.To understand: How to Evaluate the Chance for Success4.To understand: How to Get Started the Business5・ To know: How to Discover a Winning Idea6. To know : How to Organize a businessII. Teaching Focus and DifficultiesA・ Teaching focus:1.Help the students know: How to Discover a Winning Idea2.Help the students understand: How to Get Started the Business3.Help the students know : How to Organize a businessB. Teaching Difficulties:To understand: How to Get Started the BusinessIIL Teaching Contents and ProceduresChicken soup for the soul:Accept your life if you cant change it. Change your life if you can't accept it.Lead-in Question:Nowadays it is very popular for students to send flowers to teachers, friends, or classmates. You see this opportunity and want to open a flower shop on campus・Group discussion:Do you think it is right for you?How can you transform your dream into reality?What capital and personal skills do you need, but don't have?What other aspects should you consider?What Does It Take to Be an Entrepreneur?See Opportunity Where Others Do Not一See opportunity and build your dream intoreality, then realize Chinese Dream.Self-Motivated一Keep your focus;一Have your own motivation to go on and getthe work done;—Have the determination to get through thetough times・Willing to Make Sacrifices一Work long hours;一Cut leisure activities like getting on line,watching TV, dancing, etc.—Have less time to chat with friends・Know Where You Are Headed一You should have a strong set of business skillsand get a better idea of yourself.Arendt Afraid to Fail—Failure is mother of success. Business can fail.They fail all the time. You must be able to takesome risks.What Traits do You Find in Bill Gates?—Strongly believes in hard work;——Being ambitious, intelligent and competitive;一When in college, he and his close friend Allen started a new company;—Developed a small computer to measure trafficflow to found around $200,()00;一Dropped out from Harvard;—Worked very hard to achieve his vision 憧憬.How to Discover a Winning Business IdeaExamine Your Own Skill Set for Business Ideas—What have I done?一What can I do?一Will people be willing to pay for my productsor service?Keep up-to・date and Identify Business Opportunities—Read or watch news regularly to find possible business ideas.一Keeping up with current events will help you identify market trends, new fads 时尚，industry news.Evaluating Your Chance for SuccessMarket AssessmentDo some research to get to know more about your market. Find out the following in your research:一Who are your potential customers? Will their characteristics affect where you need to be?—How can you reach your customers?—How much will they pay for your product or service?一Who are your competitors?Financing AssessmentIf the startup costs are more than you have on hand and more than you will be able to earn right out of the gate:一one possible solution is to get a loan for your business from a bank.一A second solution, chosen by many small businesses, is to raise the money yourself, perhaps by selling some of your possessions.Getting StartedOne of the best ways to learn how to run a small business is to talk to others who have already done it.一They will tell you that location is critical・——They will caution you not to be undercapitalized・一They will warn you about the problems of finding and retaining good workers.—They will tell you to keep good records and hire a good accountant.—Learn small-business management by becoming anapprentice 学徒or working for a successful entrepreneur, at least for three years.Organizing Your BusinessChoosing a Form of OrganizationNaming Your BusinessLocating Your BusinessOpening Your Business at the right timeBuying or Leasing EquipmentGetting Licenses and PermitsMarketing Your Product or ServiceIV Assignments1 .Finish exercises of this chapter in the textbook・2.Writc a short composition on the issue: How to Discover a Winning Idea?V. ReflectionsAt the end of this session, the students should be able to:Be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unitUnderstand the question : What does it take to be an entrepreneurKnow: How to get started and organize a businessTeaching Plan for Introduction To Business EnglishWeeks 6・8 Unit 3: Corporate Ethics and Corporate CultureTeaching Periods: 6L Teaching Objectives1.To be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unit2.To know: What is corporate culture?3.To understand the influence of corporate culture on climate and management practice4.To know different corporate cultures5.To know the function of different corporate culturesII. Teaching Focus and DifficultiesA・ Teaching focus:1.To understand the influence of corporate culture on climate and management practice2.To know the function of different corporate culturesB. Teaching Difficulties:1.To understand the influence of corporate culture on climate and management practiceIIL Teaching Contents and ProceduresChicken soup for the soul:In some way, to where is not important, the important thing is that you can see what kind of scenery as well as your mood on the way.Lead-in Question:In advertising, having an unclear or misleading price might help promote a product, but is it ethical?Group discussion:Societies support business and supply it with consumers, but is the business supposed to give anything back to society like protecting our environment?The following listed are some factors related to corporate culture・ Suppose you are looking for a job, discuss with your partner to find which factor of the following affects you most and why.一The hours you work per day and per week——The work environment一The dress code—The training and skills development you receive—The amount of time outside the office you are expected to spend with co-workers一Interaction with other employeesCorporate EthicsEthics are p「inciples of behavior that distinguish between right and wrong. People working in business frequently face ethical questions.Corporate Ethics is the evaluation of business activities and behaviors as right or wrong.Ethical standards in business arc based on commonly accepted principles of behavior established by the expectations of society, the firm, the industry, and an individiiafs personal values. Corporate Social ResponsibilityCorporate social responsibility is the awareness that business activities have an impact on society, and the consideration of that impact by firms in decision-making.Reasons that companies take social responsibilities:一Firstly, they have a moral duty to help;—Secondly, they are part of the society's problems;—Thirdly, companies expect that they will continues operating in society in the future;一Fourthly, companies bring about social ills in many ways and so they must act to correct them where possible;一Finally, social responsibility improves the image of a company.Ways in which a business can give back to society:—Give fair wages and never be seen to be exploiting workers;一Set fair prices for the goods and services provided;一Aim at quality production & customer satisfaction;一Set up social welfare facilities;—Participate in social activities;—Share ideas and intelligence・Questions for Discussion一What does corporate ethics mean?一What are some ethical concerns that arise in the business world?—What is corporate social responsibility? Why is it important for businesses to act in a socially responsible manner?What Is Corporate Culture?Corporate culture is described as the personality of an organization, or simply as “how things are done around here M・It guides how employees think, act and feel, including such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of bchavio匸Corporate culture is the DNA of the company.Three key functions of corporate culture:—Provide a sense of identity for members;一Generate commitment to the organization^ mission;一Clarify and reinforce standards of bchavio匚Different Corporate CulturesAt the root of any organization's culture there is a set of core characteristics collectively valued by members of an organization・These characteristics illustrate the essential ways in which the cultures of organizations differ from one anothcr.Questions for Discussion—What is the corporate culture of UPS?—What are people working at MCI encouraged to do?一In DuPont Chemical Company, what are employees expected to do? And how about employees in Nokia Corporation?Creation of Corporate CultureCompany Founders:—The founders often possess dynamic personalities, strong values, and a clear vision of how the organization should operate・一Their values usually become the accepted ones in the company.Experience with the General Business and Industry Environment—Some corporate cultures are shaped by their interaction with the external environment.—Walmart^s unique market niche is its moderate quality but attractive prices・Contact with Others一Shape of an organization based on how it develops out of contact between groups and individuals within it.— Corporate culture reflects the fact that people assign similar meanings to various events and actions and they come to perceive the key aspects related to the organization^ work in a similar manne匚IV< Assignments1 .Finish exercises of this chapter in the textbook・2.Questions to consider by yourself:—What are the three major factors contributing to the emergence of organizational culture?一Try to illustrate how an organizational culture is created by its founder or foundersV. ReflectionsAt the end of this session, the students should be able to:Be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unitUnderstand the question: What is corporate culture?Know the influence of corporate culture on climate and management practice and the function of different corporate cultures.Teaching Plan for Introduction To Business EnglishWeeks 9・11 Unit 4: ManagementTeachin父Periods: 6L Teaching Objectives1 .What Is Management?anizational Structure3.Management Levels4.Managerial Roles5.Management SkillsII. Teaching Focus and DifficultiesA.Teaching focus:1.To understand what management is and its influence on business2.To know something about management skillsB.Teaching Difficulties:1・ To understand what management is and its influence on business1IL Teaching Contents and ProceduresChicken soup for the soul:Along the long way of changing, you may occasionally slip and fall. You have to learn to face failures, for the road to success is full of ups and downs・Lead-in Question:An effective executive is indispensable to the growth of corporation.Can you name some famous entrepreneurs?Group discussion:What kind of leader do you prefer? Why?What is management?Management can be defined as the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling functions in the most efficient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives・Planning—Planning means defining goals for organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them.一Planning is a task that each manager must do every day. It is a continuous process.一Planning is basically men tai. It requires thinking things through logically.Planning answers several fundamental questions for managers:—What is the situation now?一What is the state of the economy and other environments?一What opportunities exist for meeting people's needs?一What products and customers are most profitable?—Why do people buy （or not buy） our products?一Who arc our major competitors?—What threats are they to our business?The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-making for all sorts of situations in business and organizations・一SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.Strategic （long-range） planning （战略规划/长期规划）It determines the major goals of the organization as well as the policies, procedures, and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.Tactical （short-range） planning （战术规划/短期规划）It is the process of developing detailed, short-term strategies about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done.Operational planning （运营规划）It is the process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the tactical objectives ・Contingency planning （应急计划）It is the process of preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans don't achieve the organization's objectives-Organizing—Organizing involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments, and the allocation of resources to departments・—Organizing makes optimum use of the resources required to enable the successfulcarrying-out of plans. （Implementation）Directing—Directing is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals・一Directing involves motivating entire departments and divisions 分部as well as those individuals working immediately with the manage匚Two directing styles:—Autocratic leadership （专制型领导）It means providing subordinates with detailed job instructions・一Democratic leadership （民主型领导）The manager consults with 协商subordinates about job activities, problems, and corrective actions.Controlling一Controlling involves verifying （核实）that actual performance matches the plan.一The core idea of controlling is to modify behavior and performance when deviations （背离）from plans are discovered.—Planning, organizing, directing are the initial steps for getting the job done.—Con trolling is con cer ned with making certain that plans are correctly implemented ・Five basic steps of the process of control:Set clear standards for time, quality, quantity, and so on.Monitor and record actual performance （results）.Compare results against plans and standards.Communicate results and deviations to the employees involved・Take corrective action when needed・Questions for Discussion—What is the difference between strategic, tactical, and contingency planning? What is your strategic plan and tactical plan?—Give a brief presentation on how you use the four functions to manage your college (or daily) life.Organizational StructureOrganizational structure is the formal framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated・Formalization is an important aspect of structure・It is the extent to which the units of the organization are explicitly defined and its policies, procedures, and goals arc clearly stated.It is the official organizational structure conceived and built by top management.Questions for Discussion—What is organizational structure? How can an organization structure itself efficiently?Management LevelsAs enterprises grow from an owner to a group to a corporation, a number of managerial levels of management 一top level, middle level and first level 一are usually portrayed as a man agerial hierarchy.The extent to which managers perform the functions of management — planning, organizing, directing, and controlling 一varies by level in the management hierarchy.Top・LeveI ManagersResponsibilities of Top-Level Managers:—setting organizational goals—defining strategies for achieving them一monitoring and interpreting the external environment一making decisions that affect the entire organization—looking to the long-temi futureMiddle-Level ManagersResponsibilities of Middle-Level Managers:一receiving the broad overall strategies, missions, and objectives from top-level managers 一translating them into specific action programs一implementing the broad organizational plans—encouraging teamwork—resolving conflictsFirst-Level Managers:Responsibilities of First-Level Managers:Directing and controlling the work of employees in order to achieve the team goals motivating employees to perform satisfactorily translating overall corporate goals into action plans.— This management level (supervisory level) is the link between managers and non-managers. Organizational objectives eventually meet the test of reality at this level.Questions for DiscussionDraw the chart of your university or college depicting job titles, lines of authority. Then answer the following questions:一What arc the levels of management depicted in the chart of your university or college?一What is the top executive called?一What are the middle level executives called?Management SkillsManagement skill is the ability to use knowledge, behaviors, and aptitudes to perform a task. Skills arc learned and developed with experience, training, and practice.Conceptual skill一Conceptual skill is the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole and the relationship among its parts.一Conceptual skill involves: the manager^ thinking, information processing, and planning abilities knowing where one's department fits into the total organization and how the organization fits into the industry, the community, and the broader business and social environment Human relation skill—Human relation skill is the manager's ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group membe匚一Human relation skill involves: the ability to motivate, facilitate, coordinate, lead, communicate, and resolve conflicts, allowing subordinates to express themselves without fear of ridicule and encourages participation.Technical Skill—Technical skill is the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks.一Technical skill involves: mastery of the methods, techniques, and equipment involved in specific functions such as engineering, manufacturing, or finance specialized knowledge, analytical ability, and the competent use of tools and techniques to solve problems in that specific discipline. IV< Assignments1 .Finish exercises of this chapter in the textbook・2.Questions to consider by yourself:—What are the first level executives called?—What is challenging about being a middle level executive? Try to locate such an executive and ask him or her this question.V. ReflectionsAt the end of this session, the students should be able to:Be able to correctly express in English these terminologies of this unitUnderstand the question: What is organizational structure? How can an organization structure itself efficiently?Know the influence of management on a business.Teaching Plan for Introduction To Business EnglishWeeks 12・14 Unit 5: Production and OperationsTeachin父Periods: 6L Teaching Objectives1.What Is Production and Operations?2.Plant Location3.Production Processes4.Materials Management, Purchasing and Inventory Control5.Controlling Production: SchedulingII. Teaching Focus and DifficultiesA.Teaching focus:1.To understand production processes2.To know importance of plant locationB.Teaching Difficulties:1・ To understand production processes2. To know importance of plant locationIIL Teaching Contents and ProceduresChicken soup for the soul:If youTe brave enough to say goodbye, life will reward you with a new hello.Lead-in Question:How do your parents or you make dumplings? Can you describe the whole process 一how to prepare, what ingredients are needed, how to make the fillings, and what the steps are that lead to the final products?Group discussion:How do the clothing factory, restaurant, and bakery respectively produce their products? Docs the university also produce its products? Why?What Is Production and Operations?Production—Production is the process of transforming inputs such as raw materials into outputs such as goods and services・一Production is not limited to the manufacture of goods; it applies to both the service and the manufacturing sectors of the economy.Manufacturing—Manufacturing means making goods by hand or with machinery as opposed to extracting things from the earth (mining, fishing); services are not manufactured・Operations一Operations are the functions needed to keep the company producing, literally any function or series of functions introduced to carry out a strategic plan.Production Process—Production process involves three phases: (1) input, (2) transformation, and (3) output. Questions for Discussion一In what way might the production process for manufacturing automobile be similar to that for making television sets?—Do all production processes have the same three phases of input, transformation, and output? Explain using examples.Plant LocationMost companies will choose a site based on such important factors as:Customer locationSource of raw materialsLabor supplyPower and waterCommunity environmentQuestions for Discussion—When would you expect a firm to set up its plant close to its customers?一Do all companies locate near their source of raw materials? Why or why not?一Of the five factors listed in this section, which is most important in choosing the plant location?Questions for Discussion—Can you explain the differences among the following concepts: manufacturing process, assembly process, analytic process, continuous process, and intermittent process? Give examples to illustrate the production processes.Material, Purchasing and Inventory ControlMaterials Management—Materials are inputs to production or manufacturing・一Materials requirements planning (MRP) is a computer-based system that uses sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right place and the right time. Purchasing—Purchasing is the function in the company that searches for quality material resources, locates the best suppliers, and negotiates the best price for quality goods and services.一The relationship between suppliers and manufacturers is much closer, with suppliers often locating their facilities near the manufacturer.Inventory Control—Inventory refers to a list of goods and materials held available in stock・一Manufacturing organizations usually divide their inventory into three parts:Materials and components scheduled for use in making a product;Materials and components that have begim their transformation to finished products;Finished products that are ready for sale to customers・Controlling Production: Scheduling一 A schedule is a representation of the time necessary to carry out a particular task.一 A job schedule shows the plan for a particular job. It is created through reviews which determine the method and time required・Questions for Discussion—What should you take into consideration when you prepare a production schedule?一Draw a PERT chart for making a breakfast of three-minute eggs, buttered toast, and coffee. Which process would be the critical path, the longest process?—Develop a PERT chart that depicts your plans for a college education. What events should be noted?Modern Production TechniquesFlexible Manufacturing Systems一Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are totally automated production centers that include robots, automatic materials handling equipment, and computer-controlled machine tools that can perform a variety of functions to produce different products.一 A successful example is the National Bicycle Industrial Co., a subsidiary of Japanese。
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❖ 设有“案例分析”部分，并配有思考题。 通过案例分析，以及回答案例后的问题， 学生可以判断自己是否理解并能应用这 一章所学的概念。
❖ 补充阅读为课外阅读，所选文章围绕每 章学习的主题，对主题内容的学习起到 有效的补充和扩展。
二、课时安排
❖ 多数学校是以选修课形式来开设这门课，每周2学 时，总课时约为32学时。本书的课时分配为每两周 一个单元,即每章4个学时。有时可根据内容的长度， 或授课对象，自行调整。
❖ Leading involves motivating entire departments and divisions as well as those individuals working immediately with the manager.
Two Types of Leading
Controlling
❖ Controlling is the last function is the management process. Controlling means monitoring employees' activities, determining the organization is on target toward its goals, and making corrections as necessary
Organizational structure
❖ Organizational structure is the formal decision-making framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated.
Five traditional methods for grouping work activities
❖ 对非经济类学生（如果学生认为难）可采用双语教 学。
三、Chapter 2 Management
❖ What Is Management 什么是管理 ❖ Management Functions 管理职能 ❖ Organizational Structure 组织结构 ❖ Management Levels 管理层次 ❖ Managerial Roles 经理人角色 ❖ Management Skills 管理技能 ❖ 课外阅读：What Makes an Effective
Queห้องสมุดไป่ตู้tions on Planning
❖ Have you planned for your college study (tactical) and your future career (strategic)?
❖ Effective planning helps an organization adapt to change by identifying opportunities and avoiding problems (P40). (find an example in real life)
Organizing
❖ Organizing typically follows planning and reflects how the organization tries to accomplish the plan. Organizing involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments, and the allocation of resources to departments.
❖ 本书共有八章，分别是：
❖ Forms of Business Ownership (企业的产权形式)、 ❖ Management (管理) ❖ Production and Operation (生产与运营) ❖ Marketing (市场营销) ❖ Human Resources Management(人力资源) ❖ Corporate (企业文化) ❖ Electronic (电子商务) ❖ Business Start-up (小企业创建) ❖ 本书主要涉及基础商务知识，简单易懂。主题讲解通常分为
Questions for discussion
❖ What type of leadership do you prefer? ❖ What kind of leader would you like to be? ❖ How do you comment on these two types
of leading?
❖ Several questions to be considered when planning
❖ The forms of planning
❖ strategic (long-range) planning ❖ Tactical (short-range) planning
operational planning ❖ Contingency planning
❖ Departmentalization by function ❖ Departmentalization by product ❖ Departmentalization by geographical
regions ❖ Departmentalization by process ❖ Departmentalization by customer
商务英语入门
任书梅
❖ 本书主要内容及编写特色 ❖ 课时安排 ❖ 以Management 章节为例看课堂处理 ❖ 案例处理方式 ❖ 考试方式
一、主要内容与编写特色
❖ 本书的编写目的是让学生既能学习丰富的商 务知识，又能熟悉商务方面的各种英语表达， 提高商务英语水平。
❖ 教学对象：大学三年级的学生，在完成大学 英语阶段之后的后续选修课。
on you?
Management
❖ Management will be defined as the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling functions in the most efficient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives.
❖ Al Copeland, founder of Popeye’s Famous Fried Chicken and Biscuits, once said “Plan for what happens when you succeed and plan for what happens when you fail. Planning is the most important thing.” (书中也引用了Eisenhower对planning的评价)
❖ A central person must coordinate the work activities of others to achieve organizational objectives.
The Four Management Functions
Planning
❖ The first function is planning. Planning defines where the organization wants to be in the future and how to get there. Planning means defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them. A lack of planning, or a poor planning, can hurt an organization's performance.
❖ 备课量较大，要略懂相关专业知识：教师先入门， 在领学生入门。讲解正文时也不能逐句解释，不能 像教精读那样，因为这不是教语言，教师要摆脱教 语言的束缚，学生要摆脱学语言的束缚，学生是用 英语掌握些商务经济知识，这是双赢的局面；讲解 时要提纲携领，最好做成Powerpoint 形式，补充 一些生动形象的图片，激发学生兴趣。
4－5个部分，分别就本章学习的主题进行深入浅出的讲解。
❖ 导读部分主要提示本章学习要点，概括介绍 全章内容并且安排导入学习的课前活动。
❖ 每一小节的开头都有对应的中文翻译，便于 学生理解本小节主要内容或概念；专业术语 和生词在原文中标示，背景知识和难点进行 注释 (如P6的partnership)
❖ Autocratic leadership, the close style of supervision, means providing subordinates with detailed job instructions.
❖ Democratic leadership: In this style, the manager consults with subordinates about job activities, problems, and corrective actions. Managers using the general approach seek help and ideas.
❖ 本书配有大量的图表，以确保阐述的清晰性 并帮助学生理解和记忆内容。(如P18的 types of mergers和P131的市场营销组合)
❖ 每一小节后都配有思考题或小组讨论，使学生能够 把握要点，同时考查学生对专业知识的实际运用。 (如P270)
❖ 每一章配有“小组活动”和练习题，用来监测学生 对主要的理论知识的掌握程度和应用能力。小组活 动设计以小组为单位组织学生综合运用本章所学的 内容解决一两个实际问题，一方面活跃课堂气氛， 另一方面可以让学生实际运用所学知识。练习题围 绕每章重点需要掌握的知识编写，形式多样，包括 选择、判断对错、翻译、填表等，可以测试和巩固 每章学习的知识。 (P21)