作文范文之语言差异英语作文

作文范文之语言差异英语作文
语言差异英语作文
【篇一：英汉语言文化对比与英文写作研究】
龙源期刊网 .cn
英汉语言文化对比与英文写作研究
作者：王晋梅吴均霞吴祥云
【摘要】汉语思维模式对英文写作的负迁移影响，很大程度上源于对英语语言文化的欠缺。

因此，在英文写作教学中应加强英汉语言文化对比，从中找出英汉两种语言在思维模式和语言文化方面的异同，帮助学生摆脱汉语思维模式在英语写作中的负迁移影响，切实提高英文写作水平。

【关键词】英汉语言文化对比英文写作思维模式负迁移
【中图分类号】g642 【文献标识码】a 【文章编号】1674-4810（2014）11-0051-03
一引言
随着英语教学探讨的不断深入，语言文化在英语学习中的重要地位日益凸显。

在日常的英语专业英文写作教学中，发现学生写作中出现诸多问题，很大程度上源于对英语语言文化的欠缺。

英文写作能力是英语专业大学生英语综合素质的体现。

然而，由于英汉文化背景的不同所造成的英汉语言思维模式和语言文化的差异，中国大学生常常依赖母语来构思。

因此，学生在英文写作中往往出现中国式或者不地道、不规范甚至错误的英语表达。

这一现象提示教师，在教学中必须加强英汉语言文化对比，从中找出英汉语言在思维模式和语言文化方面的异同，帮助学生逐步摆脱中文思维模式在英文写作中的负迁移影响，从而实现有效交际，切实提高学生的英文写作水平。

二英文写作视角下的英汉语言文化对比
潘文国教授认为，“语言对比研究是在人们使用语言进行交际的过程中自然而然地发展起来的”，“从理论上讲，任何两种存在差异的语言的相互接触，必然会带来语言间自觉或不自觉的?比较?或?对比?。

”因此，在英语学习过程中，人们自然而然地会将英语和汉语进行比较。

在文化全球化和中国文化走向世界的背景下，英汉语言文化的对比成了学术研究的一个热点。

在英汉语言对比方面，专家学者发现，由于英语和汉语分属印欧语系和汉藏语系，两种语言在语言特征、思维模式、语音、书写、词汇、句法、语篇等层面都有各自显著的特征。

1.英汉思维模式的差异对比
季羡林先生认为，中西文化最根本的不同表现在思维模式方面，这是其他一切不同点的基础和来源。

【篇二：中西方语言文化的差异】
the difference culture of language between china and
america
中西方语言文化的差异
Ⅰ introduction:
because of the globalization ,we have more and more communicate with the other countries. language is the most important in communication. however, every countries have their own culture. so there must be some problem in it. sometimes we can not understan d each other, what ’s more we will have misunderstand. in this article, we will analyzes and compares with greeting, topic taboo, how to start a conversation and other respect of language culture difference and how to avoid this misunderstand.
Ⅱ different view on language
2.1 purpose of language
if you look at the relationship between thought and language, it should be said that it is consistent with the purposes of the west, however, because of the purpose of thought, it make them appear different, it is up to both sides to dao of different decisions. chinese culture of dao in ancient is same as greece logos. but it does not mean this is the same completely, on the contrary, they have obviously distinguish, it is not a supreme entity, but a natural process, in peoples daily life, and western dao is either a supreme entity, or is one of the most basic elements of nature or a personal god, and little is understood as a natural process. chinese language and discourse is not the will of god, and its real content, communication and saying that in order to reality, people with strong colors. in the west, the content language saying its not real life, but to god
2.2 way of language
although in western religious background is an act of god, but this does not deny the fact, people actually speak. in theology it is because of the need to examine how we can make religious doctrine better accepted by the muslims, which involved a number of specific issues, namely, manner of speech.
Ⅲthe different form chinese and american
3.1the difference of compliment in daily communication
3.1.1. how to answer the compliments
chinese peoples traditional virtues of modesty and prudence, compliments and praise of others should be refused.
in the treatment of praise and compliments, the reaction in the west is very different. westerners are praised if usually say thank you gladly accepted and thanked the chinese people are very different response. i have seen an example of : an american writer praise a chinese mother, superb cuisine,
chinese mothers modestly replied, where, where, do not, pay attention to the eat. writers translation is no, no, im not good at cooking, but perhaps you could make do with it. . the american friends are not familiar with chinese culture, confused until later writer explained to him, he can be understood in china, people hear the praise, not immediately embraced, but to show to a very modestly attitude, otherwise it is considered conceited and proud.
westerners are never too much humility, expressed thanks for the compliment, showing a self belief in yourself.
for example: you can speak very good french.
thank you.
its a wonderful dish!
i am glad you like it.
therefore, students should pay attention to when you speak english you never answered: no, i dont think so. this answer is not polite to westerners, even hypocritical.
3.2how to start a conversation
3.2.1first meeting
chinese lun-yu love to greet an acquaintance said: eat it? where to? to work for? and so on. in our view this is a polite greetings. if you talk like westerners greeting have you had your meal? where are you going? they will think that you would like to invite him to dinner or to interfere in their private affairs, be misleading. westerners to meet, often greeting: hello! how do you do! nice day, isnt it?
3.2.2visit patient
in the west, to help others, caring, compassion, how and to what extent is based on the extent of the receiving party is willing to accept
chinese would help busy is usually warm, in every possible way. for example: a chinese students in the united states saw an old professor stumble across busy roads, out of compassion, he came and took the old man, to send him to the past, but he got was a glare. consider the following dialogue:
chinese student: mr. white you are so pale, are you sick?
english teacher: well...yes. i have got a bad cold for several days.
chinese student: well, you should go to a clinic and see the doctor as soon as possible.
english teacher: er...what do you mean?
people go to see the doctor for the chinese proposals suffer from cold, expressed genuine concern. but americans dont understand, will think that his disease was so serious?, answer: im sorry to hear that. it is enough.
3.3 the topic conversation and topic taboo 3.3.1the topic of personal privacy and privacy aspects of the word
the topic of personal privacy and privacy aspects of the word, and the protection of privacy first produced in western countries, in english, is privacy, is that people do not want to inform the public of a private matter, circumstances or living conditions. in western culture, people for the privacy of the very different perceptions and attitudes. westerners
self-centered, but also attaches great importance to personal privacy, privacy is respected english proverb says, a mans home is his castle. (a
persons home is his castle. that home is sacrosanct for personal privacy, others can not interfere or referred to, but can not interfere in these personal matters generally include private business (personal affairs, private affairs (private business, private concerns (such as personal a matter of concern for example, asked such as age, marital status, salary, weight, religion and other topics of personal information, will be seen as interfering in anothers privacy, spying on other peoples private lives, is considered a violation of someone elses castle, such as:
how old are you?
whats your age?
how much do you make? whats your income? whats your religion?
in china, there is almost no privacy, and does not understand the wests view of privacy, it did not have a lot of privacy as westerners taboo on many topics related to personal circumstances, such as age, income, family status, marital status, etc. will often hear people ask how old, there is not married, how revenue this year, a similar problem. this is mainly because chinas large population, thousands of years most people live in rural areas, dense distribution of chinese culture as the main feature is the group of countries, more opportunities for contact between people, the natural thing to others will be more concerned about and help each other, mutual respect and mutual love. all men are brothers. &quo
t;a difficult one, p plus support reflects this concept of community, sometimes, what is the collective personal things, such as where to work or married you, the subtext is, if you work in need of help where there is a problem, i can help you, if not, i can help introduce you to an object. for chinese people, this is not only a way to chat, but also a friendly gesture.
westerners usually a hospital alone, do not care what others, if the west asked the similar question, is a violation of privacy was the performance of their culture to individualism, based on
a person is seen as more an independent entity.
3.3.2 the number of taboos chinese figures four, five and so on.
four and death euphony, the chinese people think it is unlucky, they will bring disaster, so now the general case, the license plate number of people in the
【篇三：英汉语言对比小论文】
班级：英语13级3班学号：2013060142 姓名：聂太莉
题目：英汉句型差异现象在英语写作中的表现
英汉语现象：
在我国的英语学习者中，汉语的负迁移是一个突出的问题学生英语作文中的语法错误比较容易纠正，而汉语负迁移造成的语病往往因其符合学生多年形成的母语思维模式而不易觉察不易纠正，写出的句子往往是套用汉语的思维方式句子模式。

这一现象使很多学生，甚至是老师都很头疼。

其主要差异则体现在英汉句子结构方面。

描写分析（比较对比）：
一、英语的树式结构与汉语的竹式结构的差异迁移表现。

英语句子主干突出，其各种修饰语犹如树枝一般；而汉语的竹式结构则是由事情的先后顺序，或者是按照逻辑顺序进行交代，整个句子不会产生歧义。

英汉句子差异在学生英语作文中主要体现为两种语病。

首先，英语逗号连接句。

逗号连接句是指用逗号把多个句子串联起来，使其表面上成为一个长句，学生英语作文中的常见语病如：my mother came in a hurry, left in a hurry, i didn’t know whether she didn’t notice me or she pretended she didn’t see me. 其次就是汉语竹
式句型结构在英语写作中出现，其原因是汉语句型结构的迁移。

与逗号连接句相似，不同的是竹式结构句型有断句，并且大量使用简单句，除了使用and和but外很少使用其他的连词。

例如：my teacher in primary school played an important role in my life. i will never forget her, and she loved her students like her own children.
二、英语主谓结构与汉语主题结构的差异表现。

英语是主谓结构的语言，汉语的特征之一是主题结构突出。

虽然英语中也存在相当一部分的主题句，但英语主题结构同汉语相比有所不同，其主要区别有：首先，英语主题结构都可以复原为svo词序，而汉语主题结构中相当一部分无法复原svo成词序其次，英语的主题结构在英语本族人的语感中有明显的非正常语序感，而汉语是注重主题的语言，汉语主题结构在汉族人的语感中，属于正常语序，使用频率高。

在英语作文中，中国学生汉语的主题突出特征迁移到英语中去，造成语病常见的有以下几种：即主题突出结构，句子成分缺失与不一致现象。

1、学生的英语作文中常常有主题突出的现象，造成主语和谓语缺乏逻辑关系例如：to speak english well must be courageous and venturous on making mistakes.这是一个把汉语的主题混为英语句子主语的例子汉语说要说好英语必须大胆，不怕出错，处于主语位置的是主题，省略了主语，但英语作为讲究逻辑主谓关系的语言，所以这“to speak english well”就是一个病句不能作为主语，因为它不是“must be courageous”和“venturous on making mistakes”的逻辑主语。

2、汉语中允许主语谓语或宾语空缺，而英语中除了省略结构，不允许主谓宾语中的任何一个成分空缺，学生在英语作文中常常出现句子成分缺失的现象，例如：---do you like the novel? ---yes, like.该句的回答中，主语和宾语空缺，主语不可缺少；且like属于及物动词，其后的宾语亦不可省略。

3、不一致现象。

这里不一致的现象大体分为两种：主谓不一致及主语和外位修饰语的不一致例如：he work from morning till night.
该例就是应为学生受汉语的影响，而在英语写作中没有进行第三人称单数的转换，与此类似的错误还有动词时态的使用错误等。

at the age of six, he father die of cancer.汉语在不至于引起歧义的前提下，外位修饰语与主语之间不一定保持严格的逻辑关系，因此这句话也可以这样说“六岁时，他父亲死于癌症”，但英语主谓结构的特点则要求严格的一致关系，否则就会产生歧义，而学生对于此类错误常常忽略。

解释（原因）：英汉不同的句子结构，源于不同的语法结构、不同的文化背景、不同的思维方式。

英语要求结构严谨，重形合；而汉语句子结构松散，重意合。

而母语迁移现象又常常出现在学生的英语写作中，因此在文章中避免不了地会出现语法错误。

结论：通过对比英汉句子结构的差异，让我明白了，在写作中要严格按照英语语法进行写作，同时要以英语为母语的人的思维方式进行思考。

切不可再以汉语的句型进行写作。