苏教版数学高一数学必修1第1章1.3第一课时知能演练轻松闯关
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1.已知集合A ={x |x 2-x -2=0},集合B ={x |-1<x ≤2},则A ∩B =________.
解析:∵A ={-1,2},B ={x |-1<x ≤2},∴A ∩B ={2}.
答案:{2}
2.设全集U =R ,A ={x |x <1},B ={x |x ≥m }.若A ∩B =∅,A ∪B =R ,则m =________. 解析:A ∩B =∅,A ∪B =R ,说明B =∁U A ,故m =1.
答案:1
3.设A ={(x ,y )|4x +my =6},B ={(x ,y )|nx -y =3},若A ∩B ={(1,2)},则m =________,n =________.
解析:由题意(1,2)∈A 且(1,2)∈B ,将x =1,y =2分别代入4x +my =6,nx -y =3得m =1,n =5.
答案:1 5
4.设全集U ={1,2,3,4,5},A ={1,3,5},B ={2,3,5},则
∁U (A ∩B)等于________.
解析:易知A ∩B ={3,5},则∁U (A ∩B)={1,2,4}.
答案:{1,2,4}
5.(2012·江苏省南通第一中学期中试题)已知A ={x |2a ≤x ≤a +3},B ={x |x >5},若A ∩B =∅,则实数a 的取值范围为________.
解析:要使A ∩B =∅,则⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧2a ≤a +3,a +3>5,或2a>a +3, ∴a ≤2或a>3.
答案:a ≤2或a>3
[A 级 基础达标]
1.(2012·高邮市高一期中试题)集合A ={1,2,4,6,7},B ={3,4,5,7},则A ∩B =________. 解析:A 、B 的共有元素为4,7,∴A ∩B ={4,7}.
答案:{4,7}
2.(2012·泰州中学高一期中试题)已知集合A ={2,5,6},B ={3,5},则集合A ∪B =________. 答案:{2,3,5,6}
3.若全集U ={0,1,2,3,4},集合A ={0,1,2,3},B ={2,3,4},则(∁U A)∪(∁U B)=________.
解析:∁U A ={4},∁U B ={0,1},
故(∁U A)∪(∁U B)={0,1,4}.
答案:{0,1,4}
4.集合M ={x |-2≤x <1},N ={x |x ≤a},若∅(M ∩N ),则实数a 的取值范围为________. 解析:∵∅(M ∩N ),则M ∩N 非空,故a ≥-2.
答案:a ≥-2
5.对于集合A ,B ,定义A -B ={x |x ∈A ,且x /∈B},A ⊕B =(A -B)∪(B -A).设M ={1,2,3,4,5,6},N ={4,5,6,7,8,9,10},则M ⊕N 中元素的个数为________. 解析:∵M -N ={1,2,3},N -M ={7,8,9,10},
∴M ⊕N =(M -N )∪(N -M )={1,2,3,7,8,9,10}.
答案:7
6.(2012·徐州市高一期中试题)已知全集U=R,集合A={x|x>0},B={x|-1<x≤1},求:(1)A∩B;(2)A∪B;(3)A∩∁U B.
解:(1)A∩B={x|0<x≤1}.
(2)A∪B={x|x>-1}.
(3)∵∁U B={x|x≤-1或x>1},∴A∩∁U B={x|x>1}.
7.已知全集U={x|x≤4},集合A={x|-2<x<3},B={x|-3≤x≤2},求A∩B,(∁U A)∪B,A∩(∁U B).
解:如图,∵A={x|-2<x<3},
B={x|-3≤x≤2},
∴∁U A={x|x≤-2或3≤x≤4},
∁U B={x|x<-3或2<x≤4}.
∴A∩B={x|-2<x≤2},
(∁U A)∪B={x|x≤2或3≤x≤4},
A∩(∁U B)={x|2<x<3}.[B级能力提升]
8.已知A={x|x2-p x+15=0},B={x|x2-5x+q=0},A∪B={2,3,5},则p=________,q=________.
解析:由根与系数的关系知集合A中方程两根之积为15,故A={3,5}.同理B中方程两根之和为5,故B={2,3}.因此p=8,q=6.
答案:8 6
9.(2012·南通市通州区高一期中试题)已知集合A={a2,a+1,-3},B={a-3,2a-1,a2+1},若A∩B={-3},则实数a=________.
解析:∵A∩B={-3},∴-3∈B,而a2+1≠-3,
∴当a-3=-3时,a=0,A={0,1,-3},B={-3,-1,1},
这样A∩B={-3,1}与A∩B={-3}矛盾;
当2a-1=-3时,a=-1,符合A∩B={-3},
综上所述,a=-1.
答案:-1
10.若P满足P∩{4,6}={4},P∩{8,10}={10},
且P⊆{4,6,8,9,10},求集合P.
解:由P∩{4,6}={4},得4∈P且6∉P,
由P∩{8,10}={10},得10∈P且8∉P,
又∵P⊆{4,6,8,9,10},
∴P={4,10}或P={4,9,10}.
11.(创新题)已知集合A={1,3,x},B={1,x2},设全集为U,若B∪(∁U B)=A,求∁U B. 解:因为B∪(∁U B)=A,所以B⊆A,因而x2=3或x2=x.
①若x2=3,则x=±3.
当x=3时,A={1,3,3},B={1,3},U=A={1,3,3},此时∁U B={3};
当x=-3时,A={1,3,-3},B={1,3},U=A={1,3,-3},此时∁U B={-3}.②若x2=x,则x=0或x=1.
当x=1时,A中元素x与1相同,B中元素x2与1也相同,不符合元素的互异性,故x≠1;当x=0时,A={1,3,0},B={1,0},U=A={1,3,0},从而∁U B={3}.
综上所述,∁U B={3}或{-3}或{3}.。