人教版高中英语必修三宾语从句和表语从句

宾语从句和表语从句
编稿：审稿：梁晓
概念引入
She doesn’t know (that) her father is seriously ill. 她不知道她父亲病得很严重。

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
你可以告诉我怎么去火车站吗？
The problem is when they can get there. 问题是他们什么时候能到那儿。

The problem is whether we can replace her. 问题是我们能否替换她。

语法讲解
一、宾语从句的定义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。

谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。

有些形容词（afraid ,sure ,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。

二、宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项：当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
【高清课堂：宾语从句和表语从句—367116名词性从句（二）宾语从句】
由that引起的从句,在believe, think, suppose后常不加that。

在think, believe, suppose, expect, guess等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时尽管谓语是否定意思，也只将前面的think等词否定。

I don’t think you can beat me.
He doesn’t expect we need worry.
有时在宾语和谓语之间可以插入一个间接宾语或状语。

She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend.
They explained to us that they didn’t mean to make us angry.
有时在这种带有复合宾语的句子中, that引起的从句常常移到后面, 前面用一个it作为形式宾语。

I thought it very impossible that she would come.
They took it for granted that the singer was coming.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。

例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
（二）由whether ,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。

意思是“是否”。

宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。

例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
1.在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.
2.在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
3.在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
4.直接与or not连用时
例句：I can’t say whether or not the y can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
3.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好像）时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

英语中的连接代词有：who ,whom ,whose ,which ,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。

例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有：when ,where ,why ,how，在句中担任状语的成分。

例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。

例句如下：
1.I don’t know what they are looking for.
2.Could you tell me when the train will leave?
3.Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四、宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一
般现在时态。

例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五、宾语从句的特点
1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。

2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。

3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。

whether 和if 都可引导宾语从句，但whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可
作介词的宾语。

如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.
一、表语从句的定义：
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。

二、表语从句的构成：
关联词+简单句
三、引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。

China is no longer what she used to be.
今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。

The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。

At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word.
当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

2. 从属连词whether，as，as if / though引导的表语从句。

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
他看起来还与十年前一样。

It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。

3. because，why引导的表语从句。

That's because he didn't understand me.
那是因为他没有理解我。

（That's because…强调原因）
That's why he got angry with me.
那正是他对我生气的原因。

（That's why…强调结果）
what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时
要用that引导，不宜用because.
T he reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.
我难过的原因是他没有理解我。

4. 连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever
连接副词where，when，how，why
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

he question is how he did it.
问题是他是如何做此事的。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.
那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

5. 从属连词that
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

6. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示，should可省略。

常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea等。

My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

四、应注意的问题：
1. 连系动词be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟表语从句。

It was because he didn't pass the exam.
那是因为他没有通过考试。

It seems（that）he was late for the train.
看来他没搭上火车。

It appears that she was wrong.
看来她错了。

It seems to me that we should answer for this.
在我看来，我们似乎应该对此事负责。

It appears to her that he wants to teach us all he has.
在她看来，他似乎要把他所会的都教给我们。

2. 引导表语从句的引导词有以下几类。

1）wh-疑问词
My question is who left.
我想问的是谁离开了。

What I wonder is when he left.
我想知道他是何时离开的。

That's what he wants.
那是他想要的。

This is where they once lived.
这就是他们曾经住过的地方。

That is why he didn't come here. 这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因。

2）whether
My question is whether he left（or not）。

我的问题是他是否离开了。

注：if不能引导表语从句。

3）that
The fact is that he left. 事实是他离开了。

注：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。

The truth is（that）I didn't go there. 事实是我没去那儿。

4）because，as，as if，as though
It's just because he doesn't know her. 这是仅仅因为他不认识她。

Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。

He looks as if he's tired. 他好像累了。