(麻省理工)多尺度系统设计基本原理和方法
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11
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
A multiscale design should be…
Customer’s needs Functionalities Design parameters Process variables
m µm
Automobiles, Computers, TVs, Tools, .. Chips
2.76 MIT, S. Kim 14
Example: Shower Faucet Functional Requirements - Temperature - Flow rate
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
15
Figure by MIT OCW.
Independence Axiom
Maintain the independence of FRs. Shower faucet example
16
DP1 DP2
DP1 DP2
Design Coupling
Uncoupled Decoupled Coupled
FR1 = X O OX FR2 = DP1 DP2
FR1 FR2
XO XX
DP1 DP2
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
17
Example: Xerography-based Printing Machine
MIT Simmons Hall $ 90million, 2 years
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
2
Good Design
Lecture Room Your Car?
Does scale matter?
Boston T ? Logan Airport ? Government ?
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
0 X
0 0
0 0
X X 0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... X X X
1 P= n!
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
21
Solution
DP41 = The order of rotation of the wiper roller and the main cylinder (wiper roller rotates first) DP42 = The surface speed of the wiper roller greater than and opposite to the surface speed of the main cylinder
3
Good designer?
Giorgio Armani
Giugiaro (automobile)
Diagrams removed for copyright reasons.
Pablo Picasso
Frank O. Gehry
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
4
Good designers
Rover
7
Design
No impromptu designs!!
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
Super bowl 2001, 2003
Diagrams of key plays by New England Patriots in Super Bowl victory removed for copyright reasons.
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
19
Design Matrix
DP 1 FR 1 FR 2 FR 3 FR 4 FR 5 FR 6 FR 7 X DP 2 0 DP 3 0 DP 4 0 DP 5 0 DP 6 0 DP 7 0
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
X
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
20
Imaginary Complexity
⎧FR1 ⎫ ⎡X ⎪ ⎪ ⎢ FR2 ⎪ ⎢X ⎪ ⎪FR3 ⎪ ⎢X ⎪ ⎪ ⎢ ⎨... ⎬ = ⎢... ⎪... ⎪ ⎢... ⎪ ⎪ ⎢ ⎪... ⎪ ⎢... ⎪FRm⎪ ⎢X ⎩ ⎭ ⎣ ... 0 ⎤⎧DP1⎫ ⎥⎪ ⎪ ... 0 ⎥⎪DP2⎪ ... 0 ⎥⎪DP3⎪ ⎪ ⎥⎪ ... 0 ⎥⎨.... ⎬ ... 0 ⎥⎪.... ⎪ ⎪ ⎥⎪ ... 0 ⎪.... ⎪ ⎥ ... X⎥⎪DPn⎪ ⎦⎩ ⎭
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
Courtesy of Prof. N. P. Suh. Used with permission.
18
Design Matrix
charged DP1 = Optical system with light on selenium surface DP2 = Electrostatic charges of the selenium FR2 = Coat the charged surface with surface and the toner DP3 = Wiper roller toner DP4 = Filter FR3 = Wipe off the excess toner. FR4 = Make sure that abrasive particles DP5 = Paper-feeding mechanism DP6 = Mechanical pressure do not cause abrasion. DP7 = Speed of the cylinder FR5 = Feed the paper. FR6 = Transfer the toner to the paper. FR7 = Control throughput rate. FR1 = images. Create electrically
Concept of Domains, well defined “what” Uncoupled (decoupled) Minimum information (least complex)
Axiomatic Design, 2.882 1. N.P. Suh, Principles of Design, Oxford, 1990 2. N. P. Suh, Axiomatic Design: Advances and Applications, Oxford, 2001 3. N. P. Suh, Complexity: Theory and Applications, Oxford, 2004
BIG PICTURE
2.76 MIT, S. Kim 8
What is “Good”?
Are Patriots a good team? Is MIT a good school? Am I a good teacher?
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
9
How to do “Systems Design”? Four Design Domains
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
6
Design Domains
“What” to “How”, “Top” to “Bottom”
What
Functional Requirements
How
Axiomatic approach Parameters • Independence Axiom • Information Axiom – Prof. Nam Suh @MIT 2.882 – Evolution to “Complexity Theory for Nano Systems”
Light Origi na l ima ge
Image is crea ted here
Sele niumcoate d Alu mi nu m cylinder
Pape rFee d Roll Pape r
Wiper Roll To ner cont ain e r
Ton er is c oated on s urfa ces of Selen iu m with electric charges
MIT Stata Center by Gehry $300 million, 5years
natural
Diagrams removed for copyright reasons.
Human heart
Human body (circulatory system)
manmade
Carbon nanotube ~2 nm diameter Nanotube transistor
2.76/2.760 Multiscale Systems Design & Manufacturing Fall 2004 Systems Design in Multi-scale
1
Multi-scale Systems
DNA ~2-1/2 nm diameter
Design for Manufacturing?
Functionality nm
MEMS Optics, Bio Nano-products?
Manufacturability
Complexity
2.76 MIT, S. Kim 12
Systems Design
Customer Satisfaction Concurrent Design Design for Manufacturing, Assembly and “X” Quality Control, Six Sigma House of Quality, Takuchi method Manufacturing Axiomatic Design
Market Manufacturing Design Design Market + spiral - spiral
• Any of these efforts in MEMS? • Nanomanufacturing, Complexity
2.76 MIT, S. Kim 13
A Good Design is,
Final toner thi ckn es s
Main cylind er with se l enium coa ting Wip er roller
Fail sometimes, MRI
Source: NASA
Mi百度文库acron
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
5
Some say “A good design is made by left, right brain ….
Uses logic Facts rule Detail oriented Present and past Math and science Perception Reality Safe Uses feeling Imagination rules Big picture Present and future Philosophy and religion Spatial perception Fantasy based Risk taking
Customer Domain Functional Domain Physical Domain Process Domain
?
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
10
Four domains
Manufacturing CA systems Materials Software Business Organization Performances Attributes desired ROI Customer satisfaction FR Properties Output of programs Business goals Functions DP Microstructure Input variables Business structure Programs offices PV Processes Subroutines Resources People resources
FR1= Temperature FR2= Flow rate DP1= Hot water DP2= Cold Water FR1 FR2 = XX XX Coupled
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
FR1= Temperature FR2= Flow rate DP1= Horizontal Angle DP2= Vertical Angle FR1 = X O OX FR2 Uncoupled
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
A multiscale design should be…
Customer’s needs Functionalities Design parameters Process variables
m µm
Automobiles, Computers, TVs, Tools, .. Chips
2.76 MIT, S. Kim 14
Example: Shower Faucet Functional Requirements - Temperature - Flow rate
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
15
Figure by MIT OCW.
Independence Axiom
Maintain the independence of FRs. Shower faucet example
16
DP1 DP2
DP1 DP2
Design Coupling
Uncoupled Decoupled Coupled
FR1 = X O OX FR2 = DP1 DP2
FR1 FR2
XO XX
DP1 DP2
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
17
Example: Xerography-based Printing Machine
MIT Simmons Hall $ 90million, 2 years
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
2
Good Design
Lecture Room Your Car?
Does scale matter?
Boston T ? Logan Airport ? Government ?
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
0 X
0 0
0 0
X X 0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... X X X
1 P= n!
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
21
Solution
DP41 = The order of rotation of the wiper roller and the main cylinder (wiper roller rotates first) DP42 = The surface speed of the wiper roller greater than and opposite to the surface speed of the main cylinder
3
Good designer?
Giorgio Armani
Giugiaro (automobile)
Diagrams removed for copyright reasons.
Pablo Picasso
Frank O. Gehry
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
4
Good designers
Rover
7
Design
No impromptu designs!!
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
Super bowl 2001, 2003
Diagrams of key plays by New England Patriots in Super Bowl victory removed for copyright reasons.
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
19
Design Matrix
DP 1 FR 1 FR 2 FR 3 FR 4 FR 5 FR 6 FR 7 X DP 2 0 DP 3 0 DP 4 0 DP 5 0 DP 6 0 DP 7 0
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
X
0
X
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
20
Imaginary Complexity
⎧FR1 ⎫ ⎡X ⎪ ⎪ ⎢ FR2 ⎪ ⎢X ⎪ ⎪FR3 ⎪ ⎢X ⎪ ⎪ ⎢ ⎨... ⎬ = ⎢... ⎪... ⎪ ⎢... ⎪ ⎪ ⎢ ⎪... ⎪ ⎢... ⎪FRm⎪ ⎢X ⎩ ⎭ ⎣ ... 0 ⎤⎧DP1⎫ ⎥⎪ ⎪ ... 0 ⎥⎪DP2⎪ ... 0 ⎥⎪DP3⎪ ⎪ ⎥⎪ ... 0 ⎥⎨.... ⎬ ... 0 ⎥⎪.... ⎪ ⎪ ⎥⎪ ... 0 ⎪.... ⎪ ⎥ ... X⎥⎪DPn⎪ ⎦⎩ ⎭
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
Courtesy of Prof. N. P. Suh. Used with permission.
18
Design Matrix
charged DP1 = Optical system with light on selenium surface DP2 = Electrostatic charges of the selenium FR2 = Coat the charged surface with surface and the toner DP3 = Wiper roller toner DP4 = Filter FR3 = Wipe off the excess toner. FR4 = Make sure that abrasive particles DP5 = Paper-feeding mechanism DP6 = Mechanical pressure do not cause abrasion. DP7 = Speed of the cylinder FR5 = Feed the paper. FR6 = Transfer the toner to the paper. FR7 = Control throughput rate. FR1 = images. Create electrically
Concept of Domains, well defined “what” Uncoupled (decoupled) Minimum information (least complex)
Axiomatic Design, 2.882 1. N.P. Suh, Principles of Design, Oxford, 1990 2. N. P. Suh, Axiomatic Design: Advances and Applications, Oxford, 2001 3. N. P. Suh, Complexity: Theory and Applications, Oxford, 2004
BIG PICTURE
2.76 MIT, S. Kim 8
What is “Good”?
Are Patriots a good team? Is MIT a good school? Am I a good teacher?
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
9
How to do “Systems Design”? Four Design Domains
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
6
Design Domains
“What” to “How”, “Top” to “Bottom”
What
Functional Requirements
How
Axiomatic approach Parameters • Independence Axiom • Information Axiom – Prof. Nam Suh @MIT 2.882 – Evolution to “Complexity Theory for Nano Systems”
Light Origi na l ima ge
Image is crea ted here
Sele niumcoate d Alu mi nu m cylinder
Pape rFee d Roll Pape r
Wiper Roll To ner cont ain e r
Ton er is c oated on s urfa ces of Selen iu m with electric charges
MIT Stata Center by Gehry $300 million, 5years
natural
Diagrams removed for copyright reasons.
Human heart
Human body (circulatory system)
manmade
Carbon nanotube ~2 nm diameter Nanotube transistor
2.76/2.760 Multiscale Systems Design & Manufacturing Fall 2004 Systems Design in Multi-scale
1
Multi-scale Systems
DNA ~2-1/2 nm diameter
Design for Manufacturing?
Functionality nm
MEMS Optics, Bio Nano-products?
Manufacturability
Complexity
2.76 MIT, S. Kim 12
Systems Design
Customer Satisfaction Concurrent Design Design for Manufacturing, Assembly and “X” Quality Control, Six Sigma House of Quality, Takuchi method Manufacturing Axiomatic Design
Market Manufacturing Design Design Market + spiral - spiral
• Any of these efforts in MEMS? • Nanomanufacturing, Complexity
2.76 MIT, S. Kim 13
A Good Design is,
Final toner thi ckn es s
Main cylind er with se l enium coa ting Wip er roller
Fail sometimes, MRI
Source: NASA
Mi百度文库acron
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
5
Some say “A good design is made by left, right brain ….
Uses logic Facts rule Detail oriented Present and past Math and science Perception Reality Safe Uses feeling Imagination rules Big picture Present and future Philosophy and religion Spatial perception Fantasy based Risk taking
Customer Domain Functional Domain Physical Domain Process Domain
?
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
10
Four domains
Manufacturing CA systems Materials Software Business Organization Performances Attributes desired ROI Customer satisfaction FR Properties Output of programs Business goals Functions DP Microstructure Input variables Business structure Programs offices PV Processes Subroutines Resources People resources
FR1= Temperature FR2= Flow rate DP1= Hot water DP2= Cold Water FR1 FR2 = XX XX Coupled
2.76 MIT, S. Kim
FR1= Temperature FR2= Flow rate DP1= Horizontal Angle DP2= Vertical Angle FR1 = X O OX FR2 Uncoupled