高级英语下课件Lesson4

Lesson four The Tragedy of Old Age in America

一、Words and Expressions

1.adj.adverse不利的,相反的,敌对的

contrary,opposing,hostile

adverse wind/ circumstances 逆风,逆境

adv.adversely

n.adversity逆境,不幸,苦难unfavorable condition

to keep/remain cheerful in adversity

to face adversity with courage

n.adversary 对手,敌手opponent

He defeated his old adversary.

2.adj.arbitrary任意的(at random),专横的dictatorial

an arbitrary ruler/power

adv.arbitrarilyn.arbitrariness

3.vt./n.barricade 阻止,阻碍（barrier）

erect the barricades

barricade sb.in/out of sth.

They barricaded themselves in their rooms.

barricade sth.off设障碍封锁……

The police barricaded off the entrance to the square.

n.barrierhindrance

Poor health is a barrier to success.

cultural/language barrier隔阂

barrier of race and religion

e to terms with sb./sth.= reach an agreement

5.vt.conserve 保存,保护,节约使用

conserve wildlife 保护野生动物

preserve（保护,保持,保存）/deserve（值得）

6.adj.contingent (up)on sth.依……情况而定,视……而定的,有条件的dependent on sth.Our success is contingent upon your continued help. n.contingency 偶发事件

contingency plans/arrangements 应变计划/安排

7.cost of living:expense,expenditure

at the cost of sth.以……为代价

cover the cost

8.v.debilitate 使虚弱make sb.weak

a debilitating illness

Huge debts are debilitating our economy.

n.debility 虚弱,衰弱

After operation,she suffered from general debility.

9.defect

n.缺点,毛病,瑕疵fault,shortcoming

a defect of character

a defect of education system

adj.defective:imperfect,incomplete

be defective in sth.

be defective in one's character

Her hearing is found to be slightly defective.她的听力稍弱。

adv.defectively

10.deprive sb.of sth.:take sth.away from sb.

dispossess sb.of sth.

Someone is deprived of civil rights

n.deprivation

（1）suffer deprivation of one's rights as a citizen

（2）widespread deprivation caused by unemployment = poverty

（3） Missing the holiday is a great deprivation.= loss

adj.deprived:poor 贫困的

a deprived area

The poorest and most deprived area will receive government's help.

11.adj.desolate:deserted 荒芜人烟的,孤独凄凉的

a desolate area/life

We all felt desolate after he left.

v.使荒凉

an area desolated by war（该地区由于饱受战争摧残而满目苍夷。）adv.desolately

n.desolation:misery,loneliness

desolation caused by war 战争造成的满目苍夷

12.n.dignity

beneath one's dignity

v.dignify 使有尊严

a ceremony dignified by the presence of the ambassador

因大使的光临而生辉的典礼

I wouldn't dignify this trash by calling it a novel.

adj.dignified 高贵的,有尊严的graceful,elegant

a dignified person/walk

13.v.diagnose 诊断 diagnose sth.as sth.

diagnose the tumor as benign 诊断该肿瘤为良性的

diagnosispl.diagnoses诊断,诊断书

make one's diagnosis 进行诊断

a doctor skilled in diagnosis 诊断准确的医生

adj.diagnostic

diagnostic training/skill

symptom症状

14.adj.discrepant:different