高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧

高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧
一、代词指代题
1.解题步骤
2.解题指导
向上搜索时，先从上文最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远，答案一定是代指上文最近的某个名词或短语。

[示例1]
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny an d frightening, but they’re also aspirational.
21.Who does “I” refer to in the text?
A.Stephen King.
B.Gillian Flynn.
C.Jo Usmar.
D.Roald Dahl.
分析：Step 1返回原文→找出出题的指代词I。

Step 2向上搜索→找最近的句子(Here she picks her top reads.)，其中she指代Jo Usmar。

Step 3 带入原文→将找到的句子的意思代入替换代词I。

Step 4确定答案→选C。

二、词汇猜测题
词汇猜测题不是考查考生的词汇量，而是要求考生根据上下文中的已知信息对单词或词组的具体语义进行合理推测。

涉及的词语有四类：熟词新义、生僻单词和词组短语。

1.解题步骤
2.解题指导
(1)如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。

(2)高考阅读不是考查认识不认识词，而是考查是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。

(3)词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。

注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。

(4)寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。

比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。

[示例2]
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark.I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We can’t all get there.I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
52.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.End one’s struggle for liberty.
B.Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D.Lose the interest to continue learning.
分析：Step 1返回原文→找出出题的词汇run out of steam。

Step 2确定词性→确定该短语为动词词组。

Step 3带入原文→根据画线部分后作者说的“我谈论的是那些已经不再学习成长的人，
因为他们已经接受了固定的态度和观点，这些都是随着时间的流逝而来的”可知，画线短语的意思是“没有兴趣继续学习”。

Step 4确定答案→把选项带入原文，验证应选D项。

三、句子理解题
1.解题步骤
2.注意事项
(1)一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。

(2)句子理解题的干扰项特征：推得过远。

做题时应把握住推的度。

[示例3]
The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year，one of Benjamin’s cousins，Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings (版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
22.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A.The cat would be closely watched.
B.The cat would get some medical care.
C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
分析：Step 1返回原文→找出出题的句子The cat’s lo t was about to improve.
Step 2理解语境→由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。

画
线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。

由该段后文可知，本杰明的堂兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。

Step 3确定答案→由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。

课后练习（一）
Teaching Poetry
No poem should ever be discussed or “analysed”,until it has been read aloud by someone,teacher or student.Better still,perhaps,read it twice,once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end,so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears.
All discussions of poetry are,in fact,preparations for reading it aloud,and the reading of the poem is,finally,the most telling “interpretation” of it—suggesting tone,rhythm,and meaning all at once.Hearing a poet read in his or her own voice,on records or on films,is obviously a special reward.But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and teacher reading it or,best of all,reciting it.
I have come to think,in fact,that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analysing” it,if there isn’t time for both.I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry.Poetry is “a criticism of life”,and “a heightening of life”.It is “an approach to the truth of feeling”,and it can “save your life”.It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.
I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry.Those who don’t like it should not be forced to communicate this to anyone else.But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature,about its sound as well as its sense,and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.
1.To have a better understanding of a poem,one should.
A.analyze it by oneself
B.discuss it with others
C.practise reading it aloud
D.copy it down in a notebook
2.According to the writer,one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students.
A.to enjoy poetry
B.to become poets
C.to become teachers
D.to understand life
3.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A.The teaching of poetry is more important than any other subject.
B.More importance should be given to the teaching of poetry.
C.Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses.
D.One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry.
4.The underlined phrase “make room” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by “”.
A.provide equipment
B.build a school
C.set up a house
D.leave a certain amount of time
参考答案：CABD
课后练习（二）
Why do you go to the library?For books,yes—but you like books because they tell stories.You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone else’s life.At one type of library you can do that too—even though there’s not a single book.
At a Human Library,instead of books,you can borrow “people”.People with unique life stories volunteer to be the “books”.For a certain amount of time,you can ask them questions and listen to their stories,which are as fascinating as any you can find in a book.(If you attend,be sure to review the habits that make you a good listener.) Many of the stories have to do with some kind of depressing topics.You can speak with a refugee,a soldier suffering from PTSD (创伤后遗症),a homeless person and a woman living with HIV.The Human Library encourages people to take time to truly get to know and learn from someone they might otherwise make a snap judgement about.According to its website,the Human Library is “a place where difficult questions are expected,appreciated and answered”.
The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen,Denmark in 2000.Romni Abergel and his colleagues hosted a four-day event during a major Northern European festival.After the success of this event,Abergel founded the Human Library Organization,hoping to raise awareness among youth about depression,which has been growing ever since.
Though there are a few permanent human libraries,most aren’t places at all,but events.Though many do take place at physical libraries,you don’t need a library card—anyone can come and be part of the experience.There have been human library events all over the globe,in universities and in pubs,from Chicago to Tunis to Edinburgh to San Antonio.Check out the organization’s Facebook page to see when the Human Library might be arriving near you.
1.What shall we do before going to the Human Library?
A.Bring a book.
B.Get a library card.
C.Make an appointment.
D.Go over some listening habits.
2.What does the underlined word “snap” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.True.
B.Quick.
C.Wrong.
D.Obvious.
3.Why did Ronmi Abergel found the Human Library Organization?
A.He expected to answer different questions.
B.He successfully held an event in Northern Europe.
C.He wanted young people to pay attention to depression.
D.He had set up the Human Libraries all over the world.
4.What is the best title of the text?
A.Borrow “People” Instead of Books
B.Human Library Organization
C.Human Library Is Near You
D.A Library in Denmark
参考答案：DBCA
课后练习（三）
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know.By next year,half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately,it’s too little,too late.By the time these “solutions”(解决方案)become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future,it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.At this year’s I/O Conference,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name,and far more.Armed with this knowledge,they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.This means,for example,that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like
your bank teller’s,tricking you into “confirming” your address,mother’s name,and card number.Scammers follow money,so companies will be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done over the phone,and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.V oice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images,showing when and who they were made by,or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp,which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose,and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
1.How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?
A.Panicked.
B.Confused.
C.Embarrassed.
D.Disappointed.
2.Taking advantage of the new technologies,scammers can .
A.aim at victims precisely
B.damage databases easily
C.start campaigns rapidly
D.spread information widely
3.What does the passage imply?
A.Honesty is the best policy.
B.Technologies can be double-edged.
C.There are more solutions than problems.
D.Credibility holds the key to development.
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
参考答案：DABC。