(完整版)动名词用法

V-ing
在英语教学过程中，不少学生会混淆动名词与现在分词。

在遇到动词的-ing形式时，他们比较难区分到底什么时候动词的-ing形式是动名词，什么时候是现在分词。

为了区分这两者，首先，我们要从概念上认识它们。

动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词时，称为现在分词。

其次，我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。

一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时，其为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。

1．动名词用作主语（例句中，斜体部分为主语。

）
Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。

Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。

Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。

Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。

2．有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面（例句中，斜体部分为主语。

）。

It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。

It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。

It’s a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。

It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。

3．“There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语
There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。

There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。

二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时，其为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。

1．有许多动词可接动名词作宾语
I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。

So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外？
He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。

I finished reading the book last night. 这书我昨晚看完了。

2．有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语
He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。

Prices keep on increasing. 价格不断上涨。

三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时，其为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。

现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.
我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。

（表时间）
Living in the country, we had few social engagements.
我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。

（表原因）
A person standing at the center of one of the broader craters would be unable to see the crater walls.
一个人如站在更广阔的火山口的中间，就会看不到火山口壁。

（表条件）
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。

（表让步）
The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。

（表结果）
He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墙站着。

（表方式或伴随情况）
四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing为名词时，动词的-ing为动名词。

动词的-ing为形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词。

1．动名词用作表语
Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。

Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。

The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及时到达那里。

2．现在分词用作表语
The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。

This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。

The day was so charming. 天气真是好极了。

The difference was most striking. 差别很明显。

五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语
现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，也可以说，现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。

动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。

1．动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。

swimming pool 游泳池drinking water 饮用水
swimming suit 游泳衣waiting room 候车室
sleeping bag 睡袋parking lot 停车场
sleeping pill 安眠药parking meter 停车计时
writing desk 写字桌sewing machine 缝纫机
writing paper 信纸operating table 手术室
diving suit 潜水衣reading room 阅览室
diving board 跳板threshing ground 打谷场
washing machine 洗衣机boxing competition 拳击比赛
washing powder 洗衣粉speaking contest 演讲比赛
drawing board 绘图板checking account 活期账户
drawing pin 图钉banking system 银行系统
fishing pole 钓鱼杆fishing line 钓鱼线
2．现在分词作定语
dwindling profits 日益减少的利润
a booming town 日渐繁荣的城镇
growing doubts 越来越大的怀疑
increasing demand 日益增长的需求
the existing condition 现有条件
diminishing returns 日益减少的效益
the remaining days 剩下的岁月
the prevailing fashion 盛行的时装
a shining example 光辉的榜样
lasting peace 持久的和平
a falling star 流星
the leading newspapers 主要报纸
developing countries 发展中国家
the ruling class 统治阶级
living things 有生命的东西
the ageing population 日益老化的人口
the rising generation 在成长的一代
a resounding victory 辉煌的胜利
六、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语，但现在分词用作宾语补语时，与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。

具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词，如：smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等。

另外，有些使役动词如have, set, get, catch, keep, leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。

还有，作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as，前面的动词多用regard, consider, describe, quote, picture, see, think of 等。

现在分词用作主语补语，多用在被动结构中，与主语构成复合主语。

而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。

1．动名词用作补语
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。

（robbing是宾语补语）This is called turning things upside down. 这叫做把事物颠倒了。

（turning 是主语补语）2．现在分词用作补语
We found him waiting to receive us. 我们发现他等着欢迎我们。

We kept the fire burning all the time. 我们使火一直燃烧着。

They described the young man as having initiative and drive.他们说这青年积极肯干。

He was seen going upstairs. 有人看见他上楼。

以上，我们从动词的-ing形式在句子成分中所起的作用：作主语、作宾语、作状语、作表语、作定语、作补语，区分动名词与现在分词。

希望此分析对英语学习者有一定的帮助。

（一）作定语
1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。

例如：
The sleeping boy is Tom.
2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。

例如：
Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.
3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。

例如：
Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。

例如：
This is an English-speaking country.
（二）作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。

如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。

例如：
The story is moving.
（三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。

例如：
We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系)
I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)
（四）作状语
现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。

1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。

例如：
Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.
2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。

例如：
Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。

例如：
While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
3. 作条件状语。

V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。

例如：
Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.
4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。

例如：
Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
5. 作结果状语。

例如：
He died, leaving nothing but debts.
6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。

例如：
He sat by the roadside, begging.
（五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。

例如：
Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.
（六）现在分词的被动式
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式。

例如：
The factory being built now is a big one.
（七）现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。

例如：
Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.
(1)只能用动名词作宾语的动词admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include 。

It’s no use doing …It’s no good doing…
It’s a waste of time doing …
1、能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid、consider、advise、dislike、enjoy、excuse、finish、give up、can’t help、keep (on)、(d on’t )mind、miss、practice、go on、suggest等。

另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：begin、forget、hate、like、plan、prefer、remember、start、try、stop、need、can’t afford等
当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。

Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。

The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。

The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

动名词专项练习题
Ⅱ、填入动名词的适当形式：
1. Can you imagine yourself _______ in a lonely island? (stay)
2. I can't understand your _______ at that poor child. (laugh)
3. She didn't mind _______ overtime. (work)
4. To make a living, he tried _______, _______, and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)
5. We are looking forward to Mary's _______. (come)
6. She was praised for _______ the life of the child. (save)
7. She ought to be praised instead of _______. (criticize).
8. Is there any possibility of our _______ the championship? (win)
9. He came to the party without _______. (invite)
Ⅲ、将下列句子译成英语：
1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳.
2.今天去没有用, 他不会在家.
3.你写完作文了吗?
4.请原谅我来晚了.
5.他不声不响地走了进来.
6.他走进来了, 没有被看见.
Ⅰ、单项选择：
1. No one enjoys _______ at.
A. laughing
B. to laugh
C. being laughed
D. to be laughed
2. You must do something to prevent your house _______.
A. to be broken in
B. from being broken in
C. to break in
D. from breaking in
3. They insisted on _______ another chance to try.
A. given
B. giving
C. being given
D. to be given
4. --- Where is my passport? I remember _______ it here.
--- You shouldn't have left it here. Remember _______ it with you all the time.
A. to put；to take
B. putting；taking
C. putting；to take
D. to put；taking
5. His room needs _______, so he must have it _______.
A. painting；painted
B. painted；painting
C. painting；painting
D. painted；painted
6. After finishing his homework he went on _______ a letter to his parents.
A. write
B. writing
C. wrote
D. to write
7. The young trees we planted last week require _______ with great care.
A. looking after
B. to look after
C. to be looked after
D. taken good care of
8. Only _______ English doesn't mean _______ the language.
A. to learn；to learn
B. learning；learning
C. learning about；learn
D. learning about；learning
9. She returned home only to find the door open and something _______.
A. missed
B. to be missing
C. missing
D. to be missed
10. She decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age.
A. to study
B. studying
C. to studying
D. study
11. Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it.
A. putting back
B. put back
C. to put back
D. be put back
12. As she is looking forward to _______ from me, please remember _______ this letter on your way to school.
A. hear；post
B. hearing；to post
C. be heard；posting
D. be hearing；to posting
13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting.
A. to read
B. to see
C. reading C. in seeing
14. Writing stories and articles _______ what I enjoy most.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
15. We appreciate _______ us to the ball.
A. them to invite
B. to invite
C. their inviting
D. being invited
16. Would you mind _______ quiet for a moment? I'm trying _______ a form.
A. keeping；filling out
B. to keep；to fill out
C. keeping；to fill out
D. to keep；filling out
17. He was afraid _______ for being late.
A. of seeing
B. of being seen
C. to be seen
D. to have seen
18. I’d like to suggest _______ the meeting till next week.
A. to put off
B. putting off
C. put off
D. to be put off
19. I don't see how I could possibly manage _______ the work without _______.
A. finish；helping
B. to finish；being helped
C. finishing；helping
D. finishing；being helped
20. Anything worth _______ is worthy of _______ well.
A. doing；being done
B. doing；doing
C. to be done；to be done
D. to be done；being done
21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _______ the work.
A. finish
B. to finish
C. in finishing
D. on finishing
22. I delayed _______ your letter because I had been away for a week.
A. answer
B. answering
C. writing
D. to post
23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _______ by the police.
A. to be caught
B. be caught
C. being caught
D. catching
24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I _______ it at home. Then I remembered _______ it out to pay for the taxi.
A. must have left；to take
B. may leave；taking
C. might leave；to take
D. could have left；taking
25. _______ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.
A. After hearing
B. On hearing
C. While hearing
D. Having heard
26. _______ his mother, the baby could not help _______.
A. To see；to laugh
B. Seeing；to laugh
C. Seeing；laughing
D. To see；laughing
27. It’s no use _______ so much money on clothes.
A. spend
B. spent
C. spending
D. being spent。