天津天津市实验中学高考英语任务型阅读训练经典题目(含答案)
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天津天津市实验中学高考英语任务型阅读训练经典题目(含答案)
一、高中英语任务型阅读
1.(2018•浙江)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.________
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. ________By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk. Take along a small garbage bag. ________This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
________ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
________By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文,介绍了乔迁新居后更好更快地融入新社区的四大策略:如保持清洁卫生、做个热情的有心人等。
⑴G 此处是承上启下的句子,即呼应上一句“确保你做一个好邻居应该做的事”,后概括下文“做一个好邻居应该注意那些技巧”,故答案为G。
⑵F 根据下文强调的outside of the home,联系到上文keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair,所以此处谈论如从外观上让邻居接受你,故答案为F。
⑶E 前文的small garbage bag是为了“pick up waste paper”准备的,后一句的This small act就是指捡废纸的这一举动,故答案为E。
⑷B 此处是本段的主题句,后一句中的offer to collect mail and newspapers正是帮助邻居做一些小事情的表现,所以答案为B。
⑸C 此处是本段的主题句,后一句中的respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you,
and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood 均是considerate behaviors,故答案为C。
【点评】这是一篇说明文,重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系,答题时首先浏览文章主旨,并理解各个选项所表达的含义。
然后再读短文,选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项,注意段落大意,空格前后的关键词等信息,完成后要通读一篇,看语义是否通顺,是否符合逻辑,必要的话做适当修改。
2.Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A problem shared can be a problem doubled
People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they'll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don't find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. ________ The term psychologist's use for negative problem sharing is "co-rumination". Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. ________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with "high-quality" and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).
If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. ________ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.
Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.
________ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination — regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not.
And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn't always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.
A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better.
B. How you co-ruminate matters too.
C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist.
D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.
E. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and tiredness, one study suggests.
F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.
【答案】 D;F;A;C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。
与朋友过多地讨论问题,反复讨论同样的问题,期待未来的问题,并关注负面情绪,这种被称为"共同反刍"。
共同反刍是一把双刃剑,可能会让问题减半,也可能会让问题加倍。
(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前"Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health."可知拥有亲密的朋友确实可以很好地缓解心理健康状况。
后文,也就是从第二段开始作者介绍了共同反刍的涵义和利弊。
空格处需要承上启下,D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it."但是,如何讨论问题可能是将问题减半或加倍问题的区别。
"切题,故选D。
(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后"In a study…with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys)."可知下文介绍了一项涉及7至15岁儿童的研究,研究发现男孩和女孩的共同反刍与"高质量"和亲密的友谊有关。
然而,在女孩中,它也与焦虑和抑郁有关。
说明共同反刍既有利也有弊。
承上启下, F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword."研究发现共同反刍是把双刃剑"切题。
F项的researches与后文的the study相呼应。
故选F。
(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前"If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate."可知作者想用个人反刍的理论来更好地解释朋友间的共同反刍。
承接上文, A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better."根据反刍的主要理论,人们相信反刍会帮助他们找到答案并让他们感觉更好。
"切题。
A项 a leading theory on rumination与前文中的the theory behind why individuals ruminate相呼应。
故选A。
(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后"But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination —regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not."可知在如果在治疗时出现了这件事(this),强烈的治疗关系很可能是共同反刍的积极结果- 无论客户的症状是否有所改善。
空格处需要解释后文this指代的是什么,即什么发生了。
呼应下文, C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist."专注于反刍的内容存在促进客户和治疗师之间共同反思的风险。
"切题。
后文this指代的就是C项的内容。
故选C。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
3.阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Every person has a history of pain and tragedy that includes regret from the situation. At times, it's often hard to explain that pain to someone else. The challenge with a tragedy is the lack of support from someone.
This has often been my challenge when I try to explain what occurred to me. When I was younger, I was a victim of a tragic accident that changed my life both academically and emotionally. At sixteen months old, due to the neglect of my babysitter I fell off the bed. The injury was so severe that I was rushed to the emergency room and the doctors explained to my mom that I suffered from a blood clot (血块) located on the left side of the brain.
I was later diagnosed with what is known as a traumatic brain injury (外伤性脑损伤).This accident affects my long term memory and testing ability. I often struggle with understanding information related to school and feel frustrated that I will not pass my tests. The pressure of school is so much, since I must always work harder than most students.
I become easily disappointed that I study a lot but often flunk or re-take tests. It is hard to imagine, because in my mind I feel prepared for the work; however, the test results do not connect with the information in my brain. Although I always don't pass my tests, I feel like this injury encourages me to work and shows me that I can be confident when it comes to the future. For example, I have been able to maintain my grades, been employed for over a year at a local restaurant, and obtained my driver's license. I look forward to attending college, getting married, raising a family, and being a success. I will continue to live my life to the fullest and prove that an injury does not limit my life journey.
(1)What is worse when someone suffers a tragedy in his life according to the author?(no more than 7 words)
(2)What was the author's tragic accident that changed his life? (no more than 9 words) (3)Why is the author always struggling with his study at school? (no more than 8 words) (4)What does the underlined word “flunk” mean in the last paragraph? (1 word)
(5)What do you think of the author? Give your reasons. (no more than 25words)
【答案】(1)The lack of support from someone./Lacking support from others.
(2)He fell off the bed at sixteen months old.
(3)Because he got a traumatic brain injury./His memory and testing ability became poor.(4)Fail
(5)He is positive/optimistic. Although his life is changed by a tragic accident, he wants to live a full life.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。
作者因为十六个月时摔下床,导致大脑受到创伤,影响了作者的长期记忆和操作能力,使得作者学习事物变得艰难。
但是作者依然保持乐观,对未来充满了希望。
(1)考查信息归纳。
根据第一段中的“The challenge with a tragedy is the lack of support from someone.”可知作者认为比生活中遭遇悲剧更糟糕的是缺少他人的支持。
故填The lack of support from someone./Lacking support from others.。
(2)考查信息归纳。
根据第二段中的“At sixteen months old, due to the neglect of my
babysitter I fell off the bed.”可知改变了作者人生的悲剧事故是他在十六个月的时候摔下了床。
故填He fell off the bed at sixteen months old.。
(3)考查信息归纳。
根据第三段中的“This accident affects my long term m emory and testing ability.”可知这次事故导致作者的大脑受到创伤,影响了作者的长期记忆和操作能力,因此导致作者经常很难理解与学校有关的信息。
故填Because he got a traumatic brain injury./His memory and testing ability became poor.。
(4)考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的“I become easily disappointed that I study a lot but often”可知作者虽然努力学习了,但是变得很容易失望,可以推测作者的学习经常“失败;不及格”,故填fail。
(5)考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段中的“I look forward to attending college, getting married, raising a family, and being a success. I will continue to live my life to the fullest and prove that an injury does not limit my life journe y.”可知作者虽然被一次意外事故改变了生活,但是依然对生活充满期待,渴望过充实的生活。
故填He is positive/optimistic. Although his life is changed by a tragic accident, he wants to live a full life.。
【点评】本题涉及信息归纳,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,要求考生准确掌握所给材料,根据上下文的逻辑关系,结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识,从而写出正确答案。
4.任务型阅读
Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Most parents know that they need life insurance. But many would rather have a root canal than shop for the best life insurance policy.
“People don't think about, What will my family do if I am gone and not earning a living?'” says Peter Katt, a fee-only life insurance adviser.“ The whole point of this kind of planning i s to provide the family with maximum flexibility so they're not stuck.”
Planning for your death is not a cheerful topic. Too often, parents make a quick decision, ignoring important considerations. Among their mistakes one is that they do not buy enough life insurance. ________“They don't think that the person who is not bringing in an income needs life insurance,” says Greg Daugherty, executive editor of Consumers Union. But if that person dies, the other parent can't stop working and usually has to pay someone to help care for the family.
________ Katt recommended that one young couple should buy $3 million for the husband who earns $100,000 a year and $1 million for the stay-at-home wife.
At the same time, many families rely on employer-provided life insurance, but employer-provided coverage is rarely sufficient to support your family. Many employer-provided policies provide a death benefit of $10,000 to $25,000—barely enough to cover your funeral expense. Some employers provide a year's salary, but that may also fall well short of the amount your family would need to maintain its standard of living.
Some employers let workers buy group life insurance through payroll deductions. They may be a good deal for workers who have health problems that would disqualify them for an individual
policy. But if you're young and healthy, you may be able to get a better rate on your own.
Another drawback is that if you leave your job, you may not be able to take your insurance.“ Given the job market, most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure,” Daugherty says.“________”
On the other hand, some families buy too much insurance. Not everyone needs life insurance. Some people buy life insurance for babies, which is unnecessary, unless the baby is a child model who is supporting the family, Daugherty says: The purpose of insurance is to replace the income that a family has been relying on. Single people and those who have no children to care for usually don't need life insurance.
Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life insurance he needs.“ I said none,” Katt says. “________”
A. There are people who don't need life insurance but have it and many more people who need it but are woefully uninsured.
B. Families don't always insure a parent who is staying home to care for the children.
C. Most people put off buying life insurance for any number of reasons if they even understand it.
D. Even if you have a lot of insurance at work, it makes sense to have some more insurance on your own.
E. If you fall seriously ill of suffer significant injury later, it will make it tougher to get that kind of policy, if any at all.
F. To make insurance more affordable, you may not need to buy the same amount of insurance for both parents.
【答案】 B;F;D;A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,大多数父母都知道他们需要生命保险,但不愿购买最优质的人寿保险。
有些人不需要保险却持有着保险,而许多需要保险的人不幸的是,没有保险。
(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“ They don't think that the person who is not bringing in an income n eeds life insurance ”因为他们不认为没有收入的人需要人身保险。
可知前面说的是人们不会为在家照顾孩子的一个家长买保险。
故选B。
(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“ Katt recommended that one young couple should buy $3 million for the husband who earns $100,000 a year and $1 million for the stay-at-home wife. ”凯特建议一对年轻夫妇给每年收入10万美元的丈夫买300万美元保险,给当家庭主妇的妻子买1百万。
可以得知夫妻双方购买的保险数目不用相同。
故选F。
(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“ Given the job market, most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure ”考虑到务工市场,多数人不能确定自己工作的保障性。
因此即使你有工作保险,拥有一些保障自己的保险仍然是重要的。
故选D。
(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“ Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life insurance he needs. ”卡特说,一个在股票、债券和其他来源上有大量储蓄的人咨询自己要买多少人寿保险,说明卡特想要指出有些人不需要保险却持有着保险,而许多需要保险的人不幸的是,没有保险。
故选A。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
5.请认真阅读下面的短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
When times are tough, how should governments in poor countries ensure their citizens remain fed? In the past, most of them used subsidies (现金补助) to keep food prices low for all their citizens. But these policies have become ineffective: the cost of maintaining Egypt's food subsidies, for instance, nearly doubled between 2009 and 2013. And much of the money goes to the wrong people. In Egypt and the Philippines less than 20% of spending on food subsidies goes to poor households. In the Middle East and North Africa only 35% of subsidies reach 40% of the poorest, the IMF notes.
Motivated by a desire to control growing budget deficits (赤字) , many countries are replacing broad subsidies with policies aimed more directly at the needy. But what form should the targeted aid take? Earlier this month Iran introduced free handouts of food to replace its subsidy method. Other countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, have chosen instead to provide extra cash benefits to the poor. So far, food vouchers (代金券) have been the least popular option. Proposals to introduce food vouchers in such countries as Malaysia have been rejected on the basis that they were too American and un-Asian.
However, the researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) thought that might have been a mistake and analyzed the results of an experiment conducted by the World Food Programme in Ecuador, a South American country, in 2011, which compared handouts of food, cash and vouchers in the experiment. The study found that direct handouts—Iran's new policy—were the least effective option. They cost three times as much as vouchers to promote calorie intake by 15%, and were four times as costly as a way of increasing dietary diversity and quality. Distribution costs were high, and wastage was also a problem. Only 63% of the food given away was actually eaten, while 83% of the cash was spent on food and 99% of the vouchers were exchanged as intended. Food handouts have also been the costliest option in similar projects in some African countries, according to John Hoddinott at IFPRI.
In Ecuador there was little difference in cost between handing out cash and food vouchers, the other two options. But food vouchers were better at encouraging people to buy healthier foods because of restrictions on what items could be exchanged for them. It was 25% cheaper to promote the quality of household nutrition using food vouchers than it was by handing out cash.
A switch from universal subsidies to vouchers could be the most efficient way of promoting health as well as relieving poverty. This is very necessary in many developing countries, according to Lynn Brown, a consultant for the World Bank.
Compared;necessity/must;relieve
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,当时局艰难时,贫穷国家的政府应如何确保其公民有饭吃?文章论述了什么食品券是发展中国家值得考虑的政策。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“A switch from universal subsidies to vouchers could be the most efficient way of promoting health as well as relieving poverty. This is very necessary in many developing countries, according to Lynn Brown, a consultant for the World Bank.”从普遍补贴转向代金券可能是促进健康和消除贫困的最有效方式。
世界银行顾问林恩•布朗表示,这在许多发展中国家非常必要;以及全文的内容可知,food vouchers是最合理最划算的政策,因此它值得发展中国家去考虑。
故填worth/deserving。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“When times are tough, how should governments in poor countries ensure their citizens remain fed?”当时局艰难时,贫穷国家的政府应如何确保其公民有饭吃)可知,universal subsidies(补贴)的目的是ensure their citizens remain fed“确保其公民有饭吃”。
由空后for可知,此处替换成provide for the citizen in poor countries。
故填provide。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“But these policies have become ineffective”但这些政策已经失效。
可知,此处把ineffective替换成not effective。
故填effective。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“And much of the money goes to the wrong people.”大部分钱都花在了错误的人身上;和第二段中的“aimed more directly at the needy”更直接地针
对有需要的人。
Needy与此处in need 形成同义替换。
故填need。
(5)考查原词重现,根据第二段中的“Motivated by a desire to control growing budget deficits (赤字) , many countries are replacing broad subsidies with policies aimed more directly at the needy.”出于控制不断增长的预算赤字的愿望,许多国家正在用更直接针对贫困人口的政策取代广泛的补贴。
可知,此处填写directly。
故填directly。
(6)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Distribution costs were high, and wastage was also a problem.”配送成本高,浪费也是一个问题,可知,一大部分食物被浪费导致了巨大的浪费问题。
因此需要一个链接前后句的承接词,由题意我们选择causing"造成"。
故填causing。
(7)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“But food vouchers were better at encou raging people to buy healthier foods because of restrictions on what items could be exchanged for them”但食品券在鼓励人们购买更健康的食品方面做得更好,因为可以兑换的食品种类受到了限制。
可知,当鼓励人们去买健康食物的时候food vouchers效果很好。
when it comes to…"当……的时候"。
故填comes。
(8)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“It was 25% cheaper to promote the quality of household nutrition using food vouchers than it was by handing out cash.”用食品券来提高家庭营养质量比用现金要便宜25%。
可知,handing out cash和food voucher相比更加贵,两者是对比关系,应使用compare"比较"的过去分词。
故填Compared。
(9)考查原词重现,根据最后一段中的“A switch from universal subsidies to vouchers could be the most efficient way of promoting health as well as relieving poverty. This is very necessary in many developing countries, according to Lynn Brown, a consultant for the World Bank.”从普遍补贴转向代金券可能是促进健康和消除贫困的最有效方式。
世界银行顾问林恩•布朗表示,这在许多发展中国家非常必要。
可知,此处使用necessity/must"必要性/必须",由空前a 可知,此处使用名词单数。
故填necessity/must。
(10)考查原词重现。
根据最后一段中的“A switch from universal subsidies to vouchers could be the most efficient way of promoting health as well as relieving poverty. This is very necessary in many developin g countries, according to Lynn Brown, a consultant for the World Bank.”从普遍补贴转向代金券可能是促进健康和消除贫困的最有效方式。
世界银行顾问林恩•布朗表示,这在许多发展中国家非常必要。
可知,此处使用relieve"解除,减轻"。
故填relieve。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和原词重现三个题型的考查,是一篇经济类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而写出正确答案。
6.阅读下文并回答问题。
Confidence (自信) is very important in daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy attitude (态度). A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have more chance to make themselves successful. When you are not confident you can't do well what you want to do. But how to be more confident? Here are some suggestions:
Speak loud You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident.
Play sports Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed. A strong body helps you be full of confidence.
Encourage yourself Write down a list of things you did during the day to see how many things you have done well. Did you finish your homework? Did you tell a joke that made everybody laugh? Give yourself praise for the good things you've done.
Get rid of (消除) fear Fear comes along with failure (失败). But it's easy to overcome (克服) if you know that failure is part of your life. Don't hide your head just because you said something stupid last time. Try to start again and believe you can do better.
Pick up a hobby If you like singing, sing as much as you can. In some ways, a hobby can make you outstanding. And it will make you happy and confident.
(1)Is confidence important in daily life?
(2)When you fail, what can you do to get rid of fear?
(3)Which of these suggestions would you like to choose to be more confident? Why?
【答案】(1)Yes.
(2)I can try to start again and believe I can do better.
(3)选择一个建议回答即可。
说明原由时要有依据。
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几个如何让自己更自信的方法。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Confidence (自信) is very important in daily life.”可知自信在日常生活中很重要,所以本题的答案为Yes。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Try to start again and believe you can do better.”可知对于消除恐惧,作者给的方法是尝试重新开始并相信自己可以做得更好。
所以本题答案为I can try to start again and believe I can do better.
(3)考查推理判断。
本题是开放性问题,选择一个建议回答即可。
说明原由时要有依据。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而做出正确答案。
7.请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
The urge to share our lives on social media
People have long used media to see reflections of themselves. Long before mobile phones or even photography, diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one lives. In the 18th and 19th centuries, as diaries became more popular, middle-class New Englanders, particularly white women, wrote about their everyday lives and the world around them.
These diaries were not a place into which they poured their innermost thoughts and desires, but rather a place to chronicle (记录) the social world around them. The diaries captured the everyday routines of mid-19th-century life, and women diarists in particular focused not on themselves but on their families and their communities.
Diaries today are, for the most part, private. But things were different for these New England
diaries. Young women who were married would send their diaries home to their parents as a way of maintaining kin (血缘) relations. When family or friends came to visit, it was not uncommon to sit down and go through one's journal together.
Diaries are not the only media that people have used to document lives and share them with others. We have long used media like photo albums, baby books and even slide shows as a means of creating traces (痕迹) of our lives. We do this to understand ourselves and to see trends in our behaviour. We create traces as part of our identity and part of our memory.
Sharing everyday life events can strengthen social connection and intimacy (亲密感). For example, you take a picture of your child's first birthday. It is not only a developmental milestone: the photo also strengthen the identity of the family unit itself. The act of taking the photo and proudly sharing it further reaffirms (再次证实) one as a good and attentive parent. In other words, the media traces of others figure in our own identities.
Today's social media platforms are, by and large, free to use, unlike historical diaries, which people had to buy. Today, advertising subsidises (补贴) our use of networked platforms. Therefore these platforms encourage use of their networks to build larger audiences and to better target them. Our pictures, our posts, and our likes are commodified—that is, they are used to create value through increasingly targeted advertising.
Instead of social media merely connecting us, it has become a craze (狂热) for information, continually trying to draw us in with the promise of social connectivity—it's someone's birthday, someone liked your picture, etc. There's a multibillion-dollar industry pulling us into our smartphones, relying on a longstanding human need for communication.
The urge to be present on social media is much more complex than simply narcissism (自恋). Social media of all kinds not only enable people to see their reflections, but to feel their connection as well.
free/nothing;commodities;catering;connection/communication
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了早期的和现代社交媒体的特点和影响。
(1)考查信息归纳。
根据第一段中的“Long before mobile phones or even photography,dia ries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one lives”可知,早在手机和摄影出现以前,日记是人们了解自己和世界的方式,在手机和摄影出现以前的方式属于早期(最初)的媒体,故填early/primitive。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Long before mobile phones or even photography,diaries were kept as a way to underst and oneself and the world in which one lives”可知,在手机和摄影出现以前,人们通过日记来了解自己和世界,故填diaries。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Diaries today are, for the most part, private”及“When family or friends came to visit, it was not uncommon to sit down and go through one's journal toget her.”可知,现在,日记是很私人的东西,但在那时,已婚的年轻女性与家人和朋友分享自己的日记是很平常的事情,故填share。
(4)考查信息概括。
根据第四段中的“Diaries are not the only media that people have used to document lives and share them with others.”及第五段中的“Sharing everyday life events can strengthen social connection and in timacy”等信息可知,这两段主要介绍了社交媒体的好处(功能/目的),故填Functions/Purposes/Benefits。
(5)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“We create traces as part of our identity and part of our memory.”可知,我们创造痕迹作为我们身份和记忆的一部分,也就是说,我们一直通过社交媒体来展示我们是谁以及我们在生活中经历了什么,故填who。
(6)考查细节归纳。
根据第五段中的“Sharing everyday lif e events can strengthen social connection and intimacy”可知,分享日常生活中的事情可以加强社会联系和亲密感,也就是说可以使家庭成员之间的关系更亲密,故填close/closer。
(7)考查细节理解。
根据第六段中的“Today's social media platforms are, by and large, free to use”可知,现在的社交媒体平台都是免费使用,故填free/nothing。
(8)考查信息归纳。
根据第六段中的“Our pictures, our posts, and our likes are commodified—that is, they are used to create value through increasingly targeted advertising. ”可知,我们的图片、帖子、喜好都是商品化的,它们被用来通过越来越有针对性的广告来创造价值,也就是说我们的私人数据通过定向广告被用作商品,故填commodities。
(9)考查信息归纳。
根据倒数第二段中的“Instead of social m edia merely connecting us, it has become a craze ( 狂热 ) for information, continually trying to draw us in with the promise of social connectivity—it's someone's birthday, someone liked your picture, etc.”可知,社交媒体不再只是把我们联系在一起,它已经成为一种对信息的狂热,不断地试图用社交连接来吸引我们——有人过生日、有人喜欢你的照片等等,也就是说社交媒体通过迎合我们的需要来吸引我们,故填catering。
(10)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Social media of all kinds not only enable people to。