(新)高中英语语法-主谓一致详解及练习

高一语法---主谓一致

主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。

一．谓语动词用单数的情况

1．动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。如：

Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job.

To understand the situation completely requires more thought.

2．表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。

Two weeks was too long. Ten yuan is enough.十元钱足够了。

3．一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候，谓语用复数，但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数：

law and order 法制soap and water 肥皂水

a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子fork and knife 刀叉

the needle and thread 针线trial and error 反复尝试，不断摸索

horse and carriage 马车time and tide 岁月

bread and butter 奶油面包the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮涨潮落

Bread and butter is our daily food Time and tide waits for no man

4. 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语

需用单数。

例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机。

There is something wrong with my watch.我的表出问题了。

5. 两个用and连接的单数可数名词作主语，且第二个名词前无冠词，表示“一体”或“一双”，谓语

动词用单数。例如：The watch and chain is made of gold.

注意：若第二个单数名词前有冠词，谓语动词需用复数。

例如：A peot and a writer have come to speak to us.

6. 当不定代词someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, evryone, evrybody, something, anything,

nothing, no one, nobody, each, the other, all 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Someone is waiting for you outside.

7. 两个用and连接而被each, every或no修饰的单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：No book and (no) magazine is allowed to be taken away.

Each teacher and (each)student wants to see the film.

8 .当主语为“many a +单数可数名词”时，谓语动词用单数。（许多…）

例如：Many a student has to spend their weekends studying in the classroom.

9. 当主语为“one and a half +可数名词复数”时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.

10. 当主语为“more than one+单数可数名词”时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：More than one example is necessary to make the students understand the rule clearly.

11. 形式是复数，意义是单数的词：news, works(工厂)=factory, means, plastics(塑料)，politics,

maths=mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：The news is very exciting. Politics is a very important subject to us.

注意：works有两层含义：works(著作；作品)=books; a work=a book; works(工厂)=factory 前者作主语，谓语动词用复数；后者作主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如：It is said that Chairman Mao’s works have been published.

That works we visited yesterday is very large.

12. 主语是一些只用复数形式的名词，如clothes, trousers,shoes,gloves等，谓语动词用复数，但当

这些词前用a piece of 修饰时，其谓语动词用单数。

例如：There is a piece of shoes in the box.

13. 四则运算中，谓语动词通常用单数。

例如：Ten and two is twelve. Ten added to two is twelve.

14. 国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Engles is Marx’s best friend.

二．谓语用复数情况

1. 当主语为“the+姓的复数形式”时，表示“一家人”或“一对夫妇”，谓语动词用复数。

例如：The Smith are our friends.

2. 集体名词如：army, class, enemy, family, government, group, public, company, committee,

team, audience(观众)作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。若将其作为一个整体，谓语动词用单数；

若指其中的成员或个体，谓语则用复数。

例如：His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。

His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

3. 名词people, police, cattle, milita(民兵)，mass(群众)等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例如：Cattle feed on grass.

4．由and, both …and, 连接的并列主语，和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面，谓语动词通常用复数形式。

Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.

5．某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数

The rich are not always selfish

6．不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数

Three million tons of coal were exported that year

7. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

例如：Reading and writing are very important. 读和写都是非常重要的。

三．谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况

1. 由连词ei ther…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or…; not only…but (also) ; or 等连接的并列主

语，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。

例如：Either you or she is to go.要么是你走，要么是她走。

Neither I nor he is to blame.我和他都不应该受责备。

2. 在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致

There stands a tree on the top of the mountain.

Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.

3. 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..桌上有笔、小刀和几本书。

4．当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语