化合物的英文命名剖析

PO33- Phosphite
SO32Sulfite
NO2- Nitrite
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(3). Acid radicals for hypo-salts (次酸根 ite ) Anion’s name = Hypo- Central element’s root -ite for example:
ClOIO-
SO42Sulfate
NO3-
Nitrate
CO32- Carbonate
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(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite )
Anion’s name = Central element’s root -
ite
for example: ClO2- Chlorite IO2- Iodite
Monocrystalline Dioxide Triagonal tetragonal pyramid Pentagonal hexagonal
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Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้1. Single valence ions
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Common Transition Elememt
Fe : Mn : Cu: Zn: Hg: Ag: Au: iron manganese copper zinc mercury silver gold
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2 化合物的命名
化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读， 这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用 前缀 (1)mono-,(2)di -,(3)tri- ,(4)tetra – ,(5)penta(6)hexa-,(7)hepta-, (8)octa-,(9)nona-,(10)deca-,但 是在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。
Hypochlorite
Hypoiodite
PO23- Hypophosphite
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(4). Acid radicals for persalts (高酸根Per -ate ) Anion’s name = Per-central Element’s root -ate
for example: ClO4IO4MnO4Perchlorate Periodate Permanganate
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P-block Element
IIIA B Boron Al Aluminium Ga Gallium In Indium Tl Thallium
VIA O S Se Te Po Oxygen Sulfur Selenium Tellurium Polonium
IV A C Carbon Si Silicon Ge Germanium Sn Tin Pb Lead
2. Polyatomic oxyanions
(1). Acid radicals for normal salt (正酸根 -ate ) Anion’s name = Central Element’s root -ate
for example:
ClO3- Chlorate IO3Iodate
PO43- Phosphate
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对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更多采用 罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic 表示高价。 如 FeO: Fe2O3: Cu2O: CuO: iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide copper(I) oxide 或cuprous oxide copper(II) oxide或cupric oxide
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Naming compounds
Cation’s name = Element for example: Na+ Sodium K+ Potassium Al3+ Aluminum Ca2+ Calcium
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2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N)
For example:
Fe2+ Fe3+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn4+ Mn2+ Iron(II) or Ferrous Iron(III) or Ferric Chromium(II) Chromium(III) Manganese(IV) Manganese(II)
化合物的英文命名
Nomenclature of compounds
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一 无机物的命名 (Inorganic compounds)
1 元素与单质的命名
“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有 时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名 称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又 是单质的名称。
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Naming nonmetal ions (anions)
1. Monatomic anions
Anion’s name = Element’s root ide
For example:
ClBrIS= Chloride Bromide Iodide Sulfide O= Oxide
OH- Hydroxide CN- Cyanide HHydride 10
VIIA F Cl Br I At Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine
VA N Nitrogen P Phosphorus As Arsenic Sb Antimony Bi Bismuth
0 He Helium Ne Neon Ar Argon Kr Krypton Xe Xenon Rn Radon
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S-block Element
IA H Li Na K Rb Cs Fr
IIA Hydrogen Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium Francium Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra Beryllium Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium