疾病概论
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解读：
2. 疾病概念：疾病的原因：任何疾病都有病因；
疾病是在一 疾病的本质：内稳态调节紊乱；
定病因作用 下，机体内 稳态调节紊
疾病的外在表现：异常生命活动
功能代谢、形态结构改变
各种症状(symptom，主观感觉异 常)、体征(sign，客观表现)和辅乱而导致Fra bibliotek 助检查异常；
异常生命活 疾病是一个动态过程，具有发生、 发展、转归的一般规律。
The first vaccination(1796)
（疫苗接种）
Edward Jenner (1749–1823) conducted the first
vaccinationby injecting the fluid from a dairymaid’s cowpox（牛痘） lesion into a young boy’s arm. The boy developed cowpox but not smallpox（天花）
7
In the 20th century
1910, Paul Ehrlich 保罗·埃尔利希：chemo-therapy (Salvarsan砷凡纳明against syphilis梅毒 ) 1928, Alexander Fleming：antibiotic 1922, Frederick Banting and Charles Best ：insulin 1967, John Gibbon ： heart-lung machine Early 1950s, geneticist James Watson：double-helical structure of DNA 2000：substantial mapping of the human genome
Both people pass all laboratory tests and are declared free of disease.
Question：Are they equally healthy?
健康的概念 (WHO，1946):
健康不仅是没有疾病，而且是躯体上、精神上和 社会适应上的一种完好状态。 躯体上：躯体结构、功能、代谢的正常 精神上：情绪、心理、学习、记忆及思维正常 社会上：行为与社会道德、角色吻合，良好人际 关系
第一节 疾病的相关概念
疾病、健康、亚健康
1
一、疾病 1. 对疾病的认识史
原始社会——鬼神作怪 中国古代——阴阳五行失调 古印度——气、胆、痰三种“体液”失衡 古希腊 Hippocrates——四元素失衡
Blood（来自心脏）、 Yellow bile（肝脏） Black bile（脾脏）、Phlegm（黏液，来自脑）
about inherited traits
Gregor Mendel (1822–1884)：segregation
of traits, chromosome as the structural unit of heredity
Florence Nightingale
caring for wounded during the CrimeanWar 克里米亚战争 (1854-1856)
English physician and physiologist On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in
Animals (1628), provided a physiologic framework for the
circulation of blood
Galen (129-199 AC,希腊解剖学家、内科医生)
Veins carried natural spirit 自然灵气 from liver arteries carried vital spirit 生命灵气 from lungs nerves carried animal spiri 动物灵气 from brain
Hippocrates (460 BC–377 BC) established the
fundamentals of anatomy, physiology, and pathology that served as the earliest knowledge for understanding health and disease2
encyclopedia of anatomy and physiology
Andreas Vesalius安·维萨列斯(1514–1564)
professor of anatomy and surgery Italy On the Structure of the Human Body
3
William Harvey (1578–1657)
William Harvey’s most
eminent patient, King Charles I, and the future King Charles II look on as
Harvey displays a dissected 4
deer heart
The 19th century ：time for understanding infectious diseases
动过程。
二、健康
35 years old man, smokes several packs of cigarettes a day, has three or more drinks every evening, is overweight, and is often anxious.
The other does not smoke, drinks alcohol rarely, exercises regularly, and is relaxed and confident.
In the 19th century
Joseph Lister：microbes微生物 caused
wound infections
Robert Koch：anthrax bacillus炭疽杆菌 Louis Pasteur：pasteurization巴氏杀菌 Wilhelm Roentgen：X rays Charles Darwin ：evolutionary theories
解读：
2. 疾病概念：疾病的原因：任何疾病都有病因；
疾病是在一 疾病的本质：内稳态调节紊乱；
定病因作用 下，机体内 稳态调节紊
疾病的外在表现：异常生命活动
功能代谢、形态结构改变
各种症状(symptom，主观感觉异 常)、体征(sign，客观表现)和辅乱而导致Fra bibliotek 助检查异常；
异常生命活 疾病是一个动态过程，具有发生、 发展、转归的一般规律。
The first vaccination(1796)
（疫苗接种）
Edward Jenner (1749–1823) conducted the first
vaccinationby injecting the fluid from a dairymaid’s cowpox（牛痘） lesion into a young boy’s arm. The boy developed cowpox but not smallpox（天花）
7
In the 20th century
1910, Paul Ehrlich 保罗·埃尔利希：chemo-therapy (Salvarsan砷凡纳明against syphilis梅毒 ) 1928, Alexander Fleming：antibiotic 1922, Frederick Banting and Charles Best ：insulin 1967, John Gibbon ： heart-lung machine Early 1950s, geneticist James Watson：double-helical structure of DNA 2000：substantial mapping of the human genome
Both people pass all laboratory tests and are declared free of disease.
Question：Are they equally healthy?
健康的概念 (WHO，1946):
健康不仅是没有疾病，而且是躯体上、精神上和 社会适应上的一种完好状态。 躯体上：躯体结构、功能、代谢的正常 精神上：情绪、心理、学习、记忆及思维正常 社会上：行为与社会道德、角色吻合，良好人际 关系
第一节 疾病的相关概念
疾病、健康、亚健康
1
一、疾病 1. 对疾病的认识史
原始社会——鬼神作怪 中国古代——阴阳五行失调 古印度——气、胆、痰三种“体液”失衡 古希腊 Hippocrates——四元素失衡
Blood（来自心脏）、 Yellow bile（肝脏） Black bile（脾脏）、Phlegm（黏液，来自脑）
about inherited traits
Gregor Mendel (1822–1884)：segregation
of traits, chromosome as the structural unit of heredity
Florence Nightingale
caring for wounded during the CrimeanWar 克里米亚战争 (1854-1856)
English physician and physiologist On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in
Animals (1628), provided a physiologic framework for the
circulation of blood
Galen (129-199 AC,希腊解剖学家、内科医生)
Veins carried natural spirit 自然灵气 from liver arteries carried vital spirit 生命灵气 from lungs nerves carried animal spiri 动物灵气 from brain
Hippocrates (460 BC–377 BC) established the
fundamentals of anatomy, physiology, and pathology that served as the earliest knowledge for understanding health and disease2
encyclopedia of anatomy and physiology
Andreas Vesalius安·维萨列斯(1514–1564)
professor of anatomy and surgery Italy On the Structure of the Human Body
3
William Harvey (1578–1657)
William Harvey’s most
eminent patient, King Charles I, and the future King Charles II look on as
Harvey displays a dissected 4
deer heart
The 19th century ：time for understanding infectious diseases
动过程。
二、健康
35 years old man, smokes several packs of cigarettes a day, has three or more drinks every evening, is overweight, and is often anxious.
The other does not smoke, drinks alcohol rarely, exercises regularly, and is relaxed and confident.
In the 19th century
Joseph Lister：microbes微生物 caused
wound infections
Robert Koch：anthrax bacillus炭疽杆菌 Louis Pasteur：pasteurization巴氏杀菌 Wilhelm Roentgen：X rays Charles Darwin ：evolutionary theories