石化现象
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Selinker ：When the learner reaches a certain degree, the ability to learn a language is in a state of remain stagnant.The learner is unable to obtain a native speakers ‘ language源自文库ability, this fact is called fossilization . 当学习者达到一定程度后，其 语言能力就处于一种停滞不前的状态，无法获得与 本族语者相当的语言能力，这一事实就称为石化。
The causes of Fossilization
There are many causes of the fossilization, and the most important are as follow: age、language ability、strategies of learning、 strategies of communication、transfer of training 、 language transfer 、overgeneralization of TL language Standing on the mountain, the view looks perfect. Poor as she, she has adopted many childs . Different views of the causes of fossilization
•
Thank
you!
How to overcome
To learner：
(1) Set up a good learning attitude A.To be initiative B.To be positive (2) Make full use of the target language Practice makes perfect (3) Strengthen the learning motivation
1，Fossilization in Vocabulary
黄色书籍”translate into“yellow books”
• 2，Fossilization in grammar
She want to go swimming.
Different types
A:individual VS group fossilization Individual fossilization:fossilization of errors and fossilization of language ability in pronunciation grammar and vocabulary. 1.Pronunciation： /l /and/n/、/ei/and/e/、/i:/and/i/ 2.Grammar 3.Vocabulary Group fossilization: It refers to the fossilization has become social phenomenon。Such as Hinglish, Pidgin English, Chinglish. B: temporary VS permanent fossilization Temporary fossilization: After correcting and training , our language can be more closed to the target language.
To teacher：
(1)Treat learners mistakes correctly (2)A sufficient amount of language input (3)Make correct learning strategies
(4)To improve their own knowledge
Fossilization
Contents
一、What is Fossilization 二、Different types of Fossilization 三、The causes of Fossilization 四、How to overcome
What is Fossilization
Motivation: instrumental motivation; integrative motivation
a ）Instrumental motivation工具性动机 The purpose of language acquisition is more utilitarian, such as meeting the requirements for school or university graduation, applying for a job, requesting higher pay based on language ability, reading technical material, translation work or achieving higher social status
b ）Integrative motivation 融合型动机
It is thought that students who are most successful when learning a target language are those who like the people that speak the language, admire the culture and have a desire to become familiar with or even integrate into the society in which the language is used (Falk 1978). This form of motivation is known as integrative motivation.
The causes of Fossilization
There are many causes of the fossilization, and the most important are as follow: age、language ability、strategies of learning、 strategies of communication、transfer of training 、 language transfer 、overgeneralization of TL language Standing on the mountain, the view looks perfect. Poor as she, she has adopted many childs . Different views of the causes of fossilization
•
Thank
you!
How to overcome
To learner：
(1) Set up a good learning attitude A.To be initiative B.To be positive (2) Make full use of the target language Practice makes perfect (3) Strengthen the learning motivation
1，Fossilization in Vocabulary
黄色书籍”translate into“yellow books”
• 2，Fossilization in grammar
She want to go swimming.
Different types
A:individual VS group fossilization Individual fossilization:fossilization of errors and fossilization of language ability in pronunciation grammar and vocabulary. 1.Pronunciation： /l /and/n/、/ei/and/e/、/i:/and/i/ 2.Grammar 3.Vocabulary Group fossilization: It refers to the fossilization has become social phenomenon。Such as Hinglish, Pidgin English, Chinglish. B: temporary VS permanent fossilization Temporary fossilization: After correcting and training , our language can be more closed to the target language.
To teacher：
(1)Treat learners mistakes correctly (2)A sufficient amount of language input (3)Make correct learning strategies
(4)To improve their own knowledge
Fossilization
Contents
一、What is Fossilization 二、Different types of Fossilization 三、The causes of Fossilization 四、How to overcome
What is Fossilization
Motivation: instrumental motivation; integrative motivation
a ）Instrumental motivation工具性动机 The purpose of language acquisition is more utilitarian, such as meeting the requirements for school or university graduation, applying for a job, requesting higher pay based on language ability, reading technical material, translation work or achieving higher social status
b ）Integrative motivation 融合型动机
It is thought that students who are most successful when learning a target language are those who like the people that speak the language, admire the culture and have a desire to become familiar with or even integrate into the society in which the language is used (Falk 1978). This form of motivation is known as integrative motivation.