链霉素中毒解救

Test 54 Acute toxication of strephomycin and its relief [Principle]

Application of streptomycin with large doses can result in neuromuscular junction blockade characterized by limb muscular relaxation, respiratory muscular paralysis, and even death on account of respiration arrest in severe case. In the meantime, calcium chloride(CaCl2) may be effective in relieving intoxication of streptomycin.

[Materials]

1.Animals: domestic rabbits with weight 2-3 kg.

2.Drugs: 25% streptomycin sulfate, 5% CaCl2.

3.Instruments: syringes(2 ml, 1 ml)

[Method]

1.Take 1 rabbits, weigh them and then observe the following indexes: normal

activities, respiratory frequency and muscular tension, etc.

2.After administering 25% streptomycin 1.6 ml/kg(400 mg/kg) for each one by

intravenous injection to marginal vein of ear, observe and record their response carefully.

3.At the moment the toxic symptoms appears apparently, by intravenous injection

administer 5% CaCl2 1.6 ml/kg(80 mg/kg) for the rabbit, and continue to observe the changes for former indexes.

[Results]

Table 54-1 Experimental records of acute toxication of streptomycin and its relief

Groups Weight(kg) Normal

activities

Toxic

symptoms

Therapeutic

drugs Activities after administration

[Matters for attention]

1.Take extra security precautions.

2.At the same time give drug and observe the change.

3.At the moment the toxic symptoms appears apparently, please quickly inject the

relief drug. Emphasis on speed.

4.25% streptomycin sulfate: Add 4 ml N.S.

Streptomycin

Streptomycin belong to aminoglycosides

Streptomycin is active against gram-negative organisms.

Streptomycin is mainly used as a first-line agent for treatment of tuberculosis. Adverse effects

Most notable are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, which can involve both the auditory and vestibular functions of the eighth cranial nerve.

Neuromuscular blockade: In very high dose, aminoglycosides can produce a curare-like effect with neuromuscular blockade that results in respiratory paralysis. Most episodes have occurred in association with anesthesia or the administration of other neuromuscular blocking agents. This paralysis is usually reversible by the intravenous administration of a calcium salt or neostigmine.

Fever, skin rashes and other allergic manifestations may result from hypersensitivity to streptomycin.