雅思写作高频词汇上课讲义
雅思写作高频词汇及详解
尽管 而不是，而非 忍受 利用 考虑在内 在某种程度上 糟糕的是，最糟糕的是 倾向于 优于 对。。。着迷
50个加分高级短语
给予。。。优先权 容易和快速接触到 充斥着be saturated with, overflow with 更容易成为。。。的受害者（v, v） 和 等同于 面临 来自（d, s） 时常 (than)
强调句型
虽然我们一生中会不断地学习和发展，但学习 非常重要的事物和培养人格中最重要的特质却 是在童年时期。 While it is true that we learn and develop throughout our lives, it is during childhood that we learn the most eslop the most important qualities of our characters.
例如，当提到科学家和艺术家的时候，我认为 我们的社会更重视科学家的工作。 When it comes to scientists and artists, for example, I believe that our society places more importance on the work of scientists.
平行结构
事实上我们发现青年人比较喜欢玩电脑游戏， 或是在购物中心逗留，而不是从事户外活动。 Actually teenagers are usually found to be playing computer games or hanging around shopping malls rather than doing outdoor activities.
雅思写作基础讲义
雅思常用词组1be conducive to 对，，，，有好处的 (be beneficial to)All the above merits are conducive to their self-betterment and self-realisation.2 be detrimental to 对，，，，有害的Besides, staying in front of the computer too long will be detrimental to children’s health，particularly the eyesight. In particular3 pose threat to 对，，，，构成威胁If criminals are set free, they will pose threat to the safety of average citizens. (普通公民)4 nothing seems more,,,, than sth. 没有东西比，，，更，，，，For smokers, nothing seems more difficult than giving up the habit.5 lay too much emphasis on 太强调Those who are strongly against the practice lay too much emphasis on the right of animals.6 there is no evidence showing the direct link between A and B没有证据显示了A和B之间的直接联系。
There is no evidence showing the direct link between smoking and some seriousdiseases.7there is a clear link between A and B 有一个显然的联系It is well known that there is a clear link between smoking and some kinds ofserious diseases.8give priority to sth 给，，，，优先权We should give priority to the development of public transportation.9have easy and quick access to sth 容易快速的接触到With the Internet, we have easy and quick access to the latest information worldwide. 10attach greater importance to 更重视After analyzing the causes and effects of juvenile delinquency, we may easily draw a conclusion that we have to attach greater importance to the problem.11be of overriding importance 某事极其重要We must recognize that the cultivation of children’s high moral values is of overriding importance.12a glut of sth 过量的某物We are confronted with a glut of violent films.13 be saturated with sth 充斥着，，，，A considerable proportion of Hollywood blockbusters are saturated with pornography and violence.14lose sight of sth 不重视某事Some companies lose sight of the environmental rules and regulations in pursuing maximum profit.15be more vulnerable to something 更容易成为，，，的受害者The youngsters are more vulnerable to pornographic TV programs.16impel sb to do sth 促使某人做某事。
雅思强化写作精讲班第 5 讲讲义-100个加分词汇
100 个加分词汇（1-49）
雅思议论文 6 分必备 100 个词汇分类讲解
vt 表示及物动词，后面需要跟宾语
背诵的时候尽量联系话题来记（比如教育，犯罪，环境），在写作的时候也可以根据话题来随时查阅这个词汇表，这样反复熟悉，大家将很快掌握这１００个精彩的作文词汇
话题
排序
词汇
词性
含义
1
parenting
n
家长给小孩的教育
2
schooling
n
学校对学生的教育
3
cultivate
v
培养……
Education
4
awareness=sense=recognition
n
意识
5
contribute to
v
推动……
6
motivation
n
动力
7
adapt to
v
适应……
8
afford something
39
plays a dominant role in…
v
在……占统治地位
Languages
40
go extinct
v
灭绝
41
lesser-known languages
n
小语种
42
the widespread use of…
n
……的广泛使用
43
ancestors
n
祖先
44
descendants
n
后代
adj
非常及时的
15
transform
vt
改变，代替 change
雅思大作文写作最全讲义分析整理版
21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病26.high cost of living 高额生活费用27.pastoral life 田园生活28.class polarization 阶级两极分化29.social welfare 社会福利30.give special care to … 给予…特殊关照31.urban sprawl 城市扩张32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…36.melting pot 熔炉37.on the brink of … 处于…边缘38.pollutant 污染性物质39.waste disposal 废物处理40.put the blame on … 归咎于…41.be attrib utable to … 归因为…42.ways of consumption 消费方式43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失44.citizen 居民45.be confronted with… 面临着…46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪47.vicious cycle 恶性循环48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施49.give priority to … 优先考虑…50.city plan 城市规划。
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总课件
例如，…
e.g., i.e.
证明
illustrate, demonstrate, exhibit
04 图表类词汇
数据表达词汇
上升
Increase, Rise, Go up, Ascend
波动
Fluctuate, Vary, Stabilize, Consistency
下降
Decrease, Fall, Go down, Decline
学术写作词汇
01
研究 aim
02
结果 result
03
结论 conclusion
学术写作词汇
01 02 03
分析 analyze 影响 impact 因素 factor
学术写作词汇
方法 method
表明 indicate
02 描述类词汇
人物描述词汇
勇敢的
courageous, brave, fearless
不同点
difference, diversity, dissimilarity
对比
in comparison, versus, in contrast
举例论证词汇
例如
for example, for instance, such as
特别是
in particular, specifically, particularly
雅思写作高频词汇分 类汇总
目录
CONTENTS
• 学术类词汇 • 描述类词汇 • 论证类词汇 • 图表类词汇
01 学术类词汇
学科专业词汇
01
人类学 Anthropology
02
生物学 Biology
化学 Chemistry
雅思写作Task1必备词汇及讲义
Task 1 英文讲义
Task One : Aim to include several key features in the description: a paraphrase of the question, a proportion phrase, some comparison, some general and specific statements and a concluding statement.
主体段(一般过渡：时间、顺序、目的)
时间：to begin with, next, then, later, finally; at the same time
顺序：the first stage involves … / in the second stage / in the third stage / in the last stage
10. the former experienced a steady fall in June, but after that …
11. a noticeable decrease in /
12. the most striking feature of … /
13. the graph (chart / diagram / maps) / the three pie charts illustrates / provides information about …/ describes / represents / provides a breakdown of / shows forecasts for / trend for … over a period from 1992 to 1999 / over the first ten months (分述) / between January and July /, with pie chart indicating … (用于多图表加述) / throughout the period
雅思写作讲义汇总
雅思写作精编2011上半年讲义——张凯轩目录I. 写作评分标准II. 小作文类型介绍III. 小作文线状图及变化IV. 小作文表格图及变化V. 小作文多图结合VI. 小作文地图流程图VII. 大作文类型介绍VIII. 大作文常用学术词IX. 大作文单边论现象题句型，思路及范文X. 大作文单边论观点题句型，思路及范文XI. 大作文双边观点题句型，思路及范文XII. 大作文原因解决论句型，思路及范文XIII. 大作文杂论〔个性化议论文〕句型，思路及范文XIV. 张老师2011年下半年总预测24题，部分题思路分解XV. 对学员的期待和继续学习的方法XVI. 附件一：小作文图集XVII. 附件二：大作文真题集写作评分标准以及考试要求知己知彼我们首先了解雅思写作考试方需要什么IELTS Writing 首先分2个sectionSection I: Figure Writing or Diagram or Maps通常评分比例：40%考试理想时间安排10-15minutes 最多耗时不超过20minutes字数要求：150Section II：British Essay Writing通常评分比例：60%考试理想时间安排30-40minutes 最多耗时不超过45minutes字数要求：250雅思作文有4大评分标准Task Response就是答复下列问题，具体来讲，在最理想的状态下要做到以下3点1. 明确主题2. 全面论证3. 事实论证观点以下题为例2010-12-04: In the past, important knowledge about culture and history was stored in museums. Nowadays, information is freely available on the Internet. Therefore, there is no longer any need for museums.To what extent do you agree or disagree?明确主题：不太同意全面论证：有正方—确实有越来越多的‘虚拟博物馆’，他们还有好处…；另外也有反方—传统博物馆除了让人看，还保存文物，有些还是历史性或地标性建筑…。
雅思写作讲义汇总(完整资料)
雅思写作精编2011上半年讲义——张凯轩目录I. 写作评分标准II. 小作文类型介绍III. 小作文线状图及变化IV. 小作文表格图及变化V. 小作文多图结合VI. 小作文地图流程图VII. 大作文类型介绍VIII. 大作文常用学术词IX. 大作文单边论现象题句型，思路及范文X. 大作文单边论观点题句型，思路及范文XI. 大作文双边观点题句型，思路及范文XII. 大作文原因解决论句型，思路及范文XIII. 大作文杂论（个性化议论文）句型，思路及范文XIV. 张老师2011年下半年总预测24题，部分题思路分解XV. 对学员的期待和继续学习的方法XVI. 附件一：小作文图集XVII. 附件二：大作文真题集写作评分标准以及考试要求知己知彼我们首先了解雅思写作考试方需要什么IELTS Writing 首先分2个sectionSection I: Figure Writing or Diagram or Maps通常评分比例：40%考试理想时间安排10-15minutes 最多耗时不超过20minutes字数要求：150Section II：British Essay Writing通常评分比例：60%考试理想时间安排30-40minutes 最多耗时不超过45minutes字数要求：250雅思作文有4大评分标准Task Response就是回答问题，具体来讲，在最理想的状态下要做到以下3点1. 明确主题2. 全面论证3. 事实论证观点以下题为例2010-12-04: In the past, important knowledge about culture and history was stored in museums. Nowadays, information is freely available on the Internet. Therefore, there is no longer any need for museums.To what extent do you agree or disagree?明确主题：不太同意全面论证：有正方—确实有越来越多的‘虚拟博物馆’，他们还有好处…；另外也有反方—传统博物馆除了让人看，还保存文物，有些还是历史性或地标性建筑…。
新东方雅思写作讲义汇总
新东方雅思写作讲义汇总别人的指导是我们成功路上的指路灯，为了帮助大家备考雅思写作，下面小编给大家带来新东方雅思写作讲义汇总，希望喜欢。
新东方雅思写作讲义1雅思写作的12个万能理由及写作思路分享十二大万能理由1 方便 convenience2 情感 feeling(or sensibility)3 经验 experience4 成就 achievement5 效率 efficiency6 健康 health7 节俭 thrift(or save money)8 安全 safety9 性格培养 character cultivation10 乐趣 fun11 耐久endurance12 环保 environment protection部分雅思命题写作思路1. SmokingFor：(means agree or advantages)1. it is pleasurable and relaxing2. it is one's right3. it is difficult to stop smoking6. it makes socializing easier7. it is an important source of tax revenueAgainst: (means disagree or disadvantages)1. it is harmful to one's health (e.g., heart disease, bronchialtrouble, lung cancer )2. it is harmful to those nearby4. it is addictive (i.e., nicotine)2. School UniformsFor：1. they eliminate class differences2. they allow students to better concentrate on their studies3. they are popular with parents and administrators4. they are inexpensive5. they are attractive and neat6. they eliminate the need to choose what to wear every day7. many countries have themAgainst：1. they are disliked by students (students like to primp)2. they create a military mentality3. they are an infringement on our freedom (different strokes for different folks)4. they are ugly and childish3. Legalized GamblingFor：1. it is a source of government revenue2. it is an old practice dating back thousands of years3. it is pleasurable (e.g., horse racing, casinos)4. many people play poker and mahjongAgainst：1. it can become addictive2. it can destroy happy families3. it can lead to suicide4. it is easily controlled by the Mafia (e.g., bookmakers )4. City LifeFor：1. it is exciting2. it offers the best schools, hospitals, and stores3. it offers many entertainments (e.g., swimming pools, bowlingalleys, and sports stadiums )4. it offers many chances of employment5. cities have an efficient public transportation systemAgainst ：1. it is unhealthy (e.g., water and air pollution in industry )2. it is not a good environment for children3. it is noisy and dangerous4. it makes people nervous5. cities are overcrowded and expensive5. Informing Patients Of CancerFor：1. patient’s right to know2. it is wrong to hide the truth3. it gives the patient a chance to plan his last days4. doctors must do it (in some country like the U. S.)Against：1. it is heartless and cruel2. it may make the patient give up3. it causes depression4. it can lead to suicide新东方雅思写作讲义240个雅思写作常用插入语整理1. indeed 的确2. surely 无疑，3. however 然而，4. obviously 显然，5. frankly 坦率地说，6. naturally 自然，7. luckily (或happily)for sb. 算某人幸运，8. fortunately / luckily 幸好，9. honestly 真的，10. briefly 简单地说，11. strange to say 说也奇怪，12. needless to say 不用说，13. most important of all 最为重要是，14. in a few words(或 in sum, in short)简而言之，15. in other words 换句话说，16. in a sense 在某种意义上，17. in general 一般说来，18. in my view 在我看来，19. in conclusion 总之，20. in summary 概括地说，21. in fact 事实上，22. in the first place 首先，23. in addition 此外，24. of course 当然，25. to my knowledge 据我所知，26. for instance (或example)例如，27. as a matter of fact 事实上，28. strictly speaking 严格地说，29. generally speaking 一般地说，30. judging from... 根据...判断31. to be sure 无疑，32. to sum up 概括地说，33. to tell the truth 老实说，34. I am sure 我可以肯定地说，35. I believe 我相信，36. I wonder 我不知道，37. that is 也就是说38. it seems 看来是，39. as I see it 照我看来，40. what is important (serious) 重要(严重)的是，新东方雅思写作讲义31-The discrepancy between...and...remains.差异依然存在。
GSL讲义——雅思高频词汇
n.使用；用途；发挥vt.利用；耗费vi.使用，运用
66
1488
get
[ɡet]
vt.使得；获得；受到；变成n.生殖；幼兽vi.成为；变得；到达
67
1430
like
[laik]
vt.喜欢；想；愿意vi.喜欢；希望prep.像；如同
adj.同样的；相似的n.爱好；同样的人或物adv.可能conj.好像
[mei]
aux.可能，可以；愿意
74
1303
such
[sʌtʃ]
adj.这样的，如此的
75
1270
give
[ɡiv]
vt.给；产生；让步；举办；授予n.弹性；弯曲；伸展性vi.捐赠；面向；有弹性；气候转暖
76
1239
over
['əuvə]
adv.结束；越过；从头到尾prep.在…之上；越过；遍于…之上adj.上面的；结束的vt.越过
68
1377
then
[ðen]
adv.然后；那么；于是；当时；此外n.那时conj.然后，当时
69
1361
first
[fə:st]
adv.第一；首先；优先；宁愿n.第一；开始；冠军adj.第一的；基本的；最早的num.第一
70
1348
any
['eni]
adj.任何的；所有的；丝毫pron.任何；任何一个；若干adv.稍微；少许
97
905
people
['pi:pl]
n.人；人类；民族；公民vt.居住于；使住满人
98
903
down
[daun]
adv.向下，下去；在下面adj.向下的n.软毛，绒毛；开阔的高地
雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义
Unit 1 雅思IELTS 考试写作简介雅思考试写作部分在听力和阅读后进行，由两部分组成，TASK1和TASK2。
要求考生在60分钟内完成两篇文章的写作。
普通培训类和学术类考生在写作的考试内容上有一些区别。
两类写作TASK2题目类型基本相同，考试的结构和要求也大体相同，要求在40分钟完成250字左右的议论文。
类似英美国家学校里任课教师布置的课堂讨论作文。
一般要求考生根据自己的知识和经验就一个现象阐明自己的态度和见解，或就一个观点发表自己赞同或反对的观点。
学术类写作TASK 1（ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE）要求考生对题目中给出的各类图表加以观察和分析，并根据已知的图表和资料写一篇不少于150字的小短文。
考得较多的有曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格、饼图等。
也有可能考到两种不同种类的图。
另外，流程图和示意图也偶尔考到。
时间20分钟。
普通培训类写作TASK1（GENERAL TRAINING MODULE）则要求考生就某个假设的场景写一封信. 到目前为止，出现较多的书信种类有投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信、邀请信等。
20分钟内完成150个字的文章。
总之，就题目的难度而言，GENERAL TRAINING MODULE 普通类写作比ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE学术类写作稍微简单一些。
评分标准The examiner reads your answer and awards band score of between 1(did not answer the question) and 9 (native speaker-like ) according to these criteria: • 1.Task Response (i.e. how fully and appropriately the candidate has answered all parts of the task; the extent to which the candidate's ideas are relevant,developed and supported; the extent to which the candidate's position isclear and effective)• 2.Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organized and presented i.e. paragraphing; how well the information is linked) • 3.Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task)• 4.Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task)The band scores are then added together divided by 3 and rounded to determine your band score for this task.Writing Overall Band = 1 / 3* Task1 + 2 / 3*Task2For example: Task1 =6Task2 =7Overall Band = 1 / 3* 6 + 2 / 3*7= 6.5Unit 2 曲线图1.描述上升的单词increase rise grow go up词汇升级：creep up ≤10edge up 10 ease up 20boom 30 surge 45 soar 60 swell 70 escalate 80 rocket 902．描述下降的单词decrease drop decline fall go down词汇升级：creep down ≤10edge down 10 ease down 20ebb 30 subside 45 slump 60 collapse 70 plunge 80 plummet 903．描述波动的单词fluctuate --- fluctuation go up and down rise and fall例：Sales of Computers 1995There was a slight growth in the sales of computers from Jan to Feb. However, they increased dramatically to a peak in the next month. After that, there was a downward trend in sales between Mar and Aug, which leveled off by the end of Dec.Task 1每部分的结构:例题分析example 1WRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the number of passengers in a London underground station at different times of the day.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.Number of passengers at a London underground stationThe line graph illustrates the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day.开头段三种万能方法：①改单词②换句型③加信息The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 2 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people using the station.In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6 pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning (around 08:00) and early evening (around 18:00) periods.例题分析2:Sample 2WRITING TASK 1---“例2”You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the annual amount of fish caught in North America from 1972 to 2000.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.line graph with two linesThe graph reveals changes in fish catches for the US and Canada over the last 30 years.Between 1975 and 1981, US fish catches averaged between 2.5 and 2.75 million tons per year, while Canadian landings fluctuated between 600,000 and 900,000 tons. …In 1981, however, there was a significant increase in fish caught in the US, and this rise continued and peaked at 5.6 million tons in 1991. During the same period, Canada's catch went up from 1 million tons to 1.6 million tons, a growth of over 50%.From 1991 onwards, a sudden decline in fish catching was reported in both countries. US figures plummeted to 4 million tons in 2001, a drop of 28%, and Canadian catches plunged to 0.5 million tons, a decrease of 66%. In the following four years, US catches remained stable at 4 million tons, while Canadian catches rose and fell around the 0.5 million tons mark.In general, fish catches have declined drastically in both the US and Canada since the early 1990s. Although Canadian production was much lower, it echoed US figures, declining or increasing at the same rate.习题③You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.The line chart illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams)However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period.450425202125American Consumer’s Expenditure Russian Consumer’s Expenditure Words Illustration Sample sentence程度大, 斜率大于1 considerablydramaticallysharply=steeplysignificantlytremendouslyimmenselynoticeablyrapidlysubstantiallyIt rises dramatically=Thereis a dramatical increase in thenumber of …=We canwitness a dramatical increasein the percentage of …maximally三根或以上曲线中程度最大程度小，斜率小于1 slightlygentlyslowlysteadilysubtlyminimallyIt rises gently=There is agentle increase in the numberof …=We can witness aslight increase in thepercentage of …三根或以上曲线中程度最大程度中等，接近于1 moderatelyin moderationmedium(adj.)It rises moderately=There isamedium growth in thenumber of…=The numberof…is in moderation.比较地comparativelyrelatively A BCDB 曲线必须说成It risescomparatively gently,以区别于A曲线It rises sharply.即遇上两根相同变化幅度的曲线就要用上。
新东方雅思写作 讲义分析整理版Topics
一、教育（共25题，占%）1.不同意：中学教育是一个重要的德育阶段，如果在这个时候中断，带来的不仅仅是失业这样的问题，还有青少年犯罪等社会问题 vital ?stage for moral education. If it was interrupted, numerous of social problem/headaches may create as juvenile delinquency. (正如马克吐温说：你每关闭一所学校，你就必须开设一座监狱。
Every time you stop a school, you will have to build ajail ）教育能够帮助培养个人素质；提高劳动力的素质，从而提高生产效率，推动社会发展，从根本上解决失业的问题。
do a favor to/be beneficial（advantageous, preferable) to personal quality, enhance/boost/promote the quality of the labor force, thereby increase production efficiency, social development, solve the problem of unemployment从长远来看，如果受过更高的教育，则有更多的机会找到好的工作。
In a long run／term, if pupils could receive better education, they may have far more opportunities to find better jobs.教育的作用不仅仅应当局限在找工作，而是为了将来更好的发展。
The function of education should be not only focused on \limited in job hunting, but also for a better development. ＊＊失业的原因是综合的comprehensive/complicated，例如经济原因：经济衰退或者不景气 economy recession/depression，就业岗位剧减，导致市场对于劳动力的需求整体下降a fall in the overall demand for labor;社会原因，个人原因等2.整个题目可以分为理论科目和实践科目两种：理论科目的好处：智的角度实践科目（音乐、体育）的好处：美、体、劳的角度E.g.: What does sports benefits your academic? Any sport will have a positive effect on academic performance simply because exercise is good for the brain, and teamwork and strategy that are focal to most sports are applicable as well to many academic areas.理论科目的坏处：枯燥、单调、需要长时间的学习、结合实践时较为困难体育、音乐的坏处：需要天赋；需要大量时间和金钱的投入；就业范围小，职业生涯短3.和以前一样重要：（也就是说老师的重要性）学校教育更加有利于学生的道德培养，尤其对于年龄较小的学生。
雅思写作单项提高班精讲班第21讲讲义
雅思写作单项提高班精讲班第21讲讲义写作高频词汇（二）3)把学生分开教育（比如根据智力或者在课堂上的表现）segregate(vt) students 来自于其他同学的压力peer pressure 适应（动词）adapt to sth. / adjust oneself to sth. / become accustomed to sth. 适应能力adaptability 逆境adverse circumstances / adversity 团队精神team spirit（noun）独立思考：thinkindependently(adv)在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically(adv)学生的反馈students’ feedback 或者students’ input 学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate (vts) their teachers’ performance学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’ grasp / command(nouns) of what has been taught4)学生学习的各门功课加在一起称为curriculum(noun) 具体一门课的内容总称为syllabus 课外活动叫extra-curricular activities学校是社会的缩影：A school is society in miniature.不遵守纪律(名词)indiscipline/misbehavior/mischief(nouns)不遵守纪律的（形容词）学生disruptive / unruly(adjs) students 5)理论知识theoretical knowledge 就业技能employable / marketable skills 通才generalist (noun) 专才specialist (noun) 全面发展的well-rounded / versatile (adj)为社会健康发展作贡献contribute to societal （adj）well-being（noun）/welfare (noun)(注意welfare在这里不是“福利”的意思)6)大学学科的分类可以分为：人文学科(包括文学，历史，语言学等) humanities社会科学(包括政治学，经济学，社会学等) social sciences 艺术（包括音乐，雕塑等）arts 文科也可以总称为liberal arts 或者liberal studies理科（包括物理，化学，生物学等）sciences工科（包括工程，自动化等）engineering 大学里仸何一个学科都可以叫一个discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education 中学教育secondary-level education 大学教育tertiary-level education 职业教育vocational education / training 青少年(复数) youths / youngsters / adolescentsTechnology:1)生物技术：biotechnology(noun) 克隆cloning(noun) clone(verb) 远程通讯telecommunications(noun) 尖端的技术cutting-edge(adj) technology信息爆炸information explosion/information overload 信息时代the information age / the information era 互联网的广泛被使用the proliferation(noun) of the Internet 太空探索(名词) space exploration 一个人的基因构成one’s genetic makeup / one’s DNA programming2)科技创新及发展technological innovations / inventions / advances/progressions(nouns) 提高效率augment/enhance / boost(vts) efficiency 提高生产效率augment/enhance/boost(vts) productivity 减少人力的机器(计算机发明之前的技术) labor-saving machinery 取代人力的机器（计算机发明之后的技术）labor-replacing machinery 自动化automation (noun) / automated (adj)3)彻底变革transform/revolutionise(vts) 或者fundamentally change sth. 以一种史无前例的速度向前发展advance / progress(vis) at an unprecedented(adj) rate 如果要说以一种让人震惊的速度向前发展，只要把unprecedented 改成astonishing 即可如果要说正以一种很快的速度向前发展，英文说sth. isadvancing by leaps and bounds 产生深远的影响create(vt) / produce(vt) / generate(vt) /result in / lead to / breed(vt) / spawn (vt) profound (adj)./ far-reaching(adj) / pervasive(adj) influence(noun) / impact / bearing / implications / repercussions (nouns)Media1)侵犯隐私violate或者intrude on 或者infringe on someone’s privacy毁坏某人的名誉tarnish / sully / smear/besmirch(vts) one’s reputation狗崽队paparazzi (复数名词，不要再加s) 新闻界the press(noun) 印刷媒体(如报纸，杂志) the print media报道新闻的机构news outlets 电子媒体（如电视，广播，互联网）the electronic media 名人a celebrity /celebrities(plural) 时事current affairs丑闻scandals无处不在的prevalent /ubiquitous/pervasive(adjs)2)审查censor (vt) 删除delete/eliminate/ excise(vts) 过多的暴力与色情内容excessive / gratuitous violent andpornographic(adjs) contents 报导非常详尽的细节report (vt) sth. in graphic detail 媒体炒作(名词) media hype (noun) 有误导性的misleading（adj）misrepresented (adj),distorted(adj) 诈骗性的fraudulent (adj) 虚假的false/bogus(adjs)夸大事件exaggerate(vt) things/sensationalise(vt) things/blow things out of allproportions(最后一个为口语化说法，但作文也可用) 充斥着……be awash with / be inundated with / be saturated with sth. 掩盖（丑闻或罪行等）cover up或者gloss over 或者whitewash 不客观的，不公正的biased / skewed(adjs) /unobjective(adj)。
雅思高频词汇讲解
The Speaker： Li lu Producer: Ren Xin Yang Assistant： Liang Chang
extinction
• Pronunciation: [英][ɪkˈst ɪŋkʃn] [美 ][ɪkˈst ɪŋkʃən] • n.熄灭; 消灭，灭绝; 废除; [物]消 光，自屏，衰减; • 英文释义： no longer in existence • Synonym(同义词)：death destruction
• 我们绝对需要强有力的条例来保护环境和 濒危物种。 • Eg2:Resilience is inherent to any successful sp ecies.
• 适应力是所有成功生物种类先天就固有的 。
inundate
• [英]['ɪnʌndeɪt] [美][ˈ ɪnʌnˈdet ,ˈ ɪnən-] • vt.淹没; 泛滥; （洪水般的）扑来; 使充满; • 过去分词：inundated 现在进行时： inundating 过去式：inundated • 同义词：deluge / flood /swamp • 短语词组：be inundated with 被（大量信 件、要求）淹没
• Eg1：Drought and famines have killed up to two million people here. • 旱灾和饥荒夺去了这里200万人的生命。
• Eg2:A drought has strained the entire region. • 旱灾使整个地区形势都吃紧。
species
• • • • • • [英]['spi:ʃi:z] [美][ˈ spiʃiz, -siz] n.物种; 种类; 类型; [逻辑] 个体; 复数：species 短语词组： endangered species 濒危物种 our species 人类
新东方雅思写作讲义
雅思写作完全攻略Total Solution of IELTS Writing俞伟国－2009－雅思考试作文部分题型课时安排：Marking SystemEssay WritingIntroductionBodyConclusionStructureReport Writing近年雅思考试中国大陆考区作文部分得分情况(From Mat Clark)Band4 or below: 15%-20% Band5: 60% Band6: 15%-20% Band7: <5% Band8 or above: RareKey Language Features in Marking SystemTask Response:1. No evidence of digression/irrelevant content2. Adequate Words3. Position + Supporting Ideas + DevelopmentCoherence and Cohesion1.Logical overall structure2.Topic Sentence3.Cohesive devicesLexical Resource1.Accurateness2.Authentic Vocabulary (Less-common Vocabulary)3.VarietyGrammatical Range and Accuracy1.Accuratenessplex Sentence3.Variety欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG: /yuweiguo/Chapter One－Essay Writing第一章. 议论文完全攻略___________________________________________________________________________________________________Part One－Introduction－闪亮开篇－－Version 5.7－Structure of Introduction1. Background Information(1). Lead-in Sentence (Introduce the subject of the topic)(2). Public Opinion2. Statement(State your position)1．主体背景（Background Information）(1) In the last century, the firs t man walking on the moon said: “It is a big step for mankind”. However, some people think it made little difference to people’s lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2006.4.8)______________________________, when ________________________________________________________________ for the first time, he _____________________________________________________ that it was a great step for mankind. Nowadays, however, some people believe that it actually _____________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase方法之一－具体化(笼统概念－缩小范围)(2) Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilizers and better machinery. However, some people think the methods used to do this may have negative effects on local communities and be dangerous to human health. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2005.2.5)Nowadays people can _______________ food far more _______________ _________________________ more _______________ fertilizers and machinery. Nevertheless, some people hold the methods used may ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase 方法之二－单词转换（优先考虑三大词类：）Paraphrase方法之三－句型转换（方法1 ）(方法2 )(3) Many people say teachers should only teach students academic subjects；Others say teachers should also take the responsibility of teaching students to judge what is right and wrong. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2006.3.18)Some people hold the opinion that _______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ While some argue that _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill: 句型转换(方法3 ) (4) Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it uses up fuel resources and causes pollution. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? You should use your own experience to support your argument. (2006.2.18) According to some __________, air travel should be _________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill: Paraphrase思路顺序：单词转换>句型转换>具体化(5) Some people believe that scientific research should be conducted by the government rather by private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2005.12.10)Some people propose that______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法4 )(6). In modern society, there are more and more old people, do you think its benefits outweigh its disadvantages? (2006.2.12)____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:信息量偏少的Topic Introduction写作对策追根溯源法－Factor(s) [因]－Phenomenon (Subject) [果]2. 总论点(Statement)Topic－If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished?Average Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished.Decent Example：In my opinion, the parents should not be punished except that (unless) they are those who purposefullyteach the child to behave badly.Topic－Some people think that it is beneficial for students to go to private secondary schools. But others feel that it has negative effects on them. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your opinion. (2006.6.24)From my point of view, it is an ideal choice to send children to private middle schools ______________________________Exercise1: Topic－Should college students be allowed to get married?____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法5 )Exercise2: Topic－Should college students be encouraged to take up part-time jobs?____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Language Skill:句型转换(方法6 )3. Report－Introduction写作对策Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out while people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why people do little action about it? Give your suggestions on how to solve this situation. (2005.12.3) Today, the phenomenon that ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________has aroused growing concern. In my opinion, a lot of factors contribute to the problem and in this article, I would like to ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________*This phenomenon, as far as I am concerned, can be attributed to the following causes, which could be regarded as the apple of discord.Structure of Report Introduction1. Lead-in Sentence (Paraphrase the first sentence in the topic)2. Plan A: Essay StatementPlan B: Linking SentenceExercise1: The development of technologies is causing environmental problems. Some people believe that the solution is for everyone to adopt a simpler way of life while others say that technologies can solve these problems. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion. (2009.2.12)Exercise2: Topic－Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed to study hard when they are young. Do you regard the phenomenon as positive or negative? (2005.4.2)Exercise3: Topic－Today, in many countries, there is insufficient respect to old people. What are the reasons? What problems it might cause? (2006.7.8)欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG: /yuweiguo/Part Two－Body－中流砥柱－－Version 6.5－分论点的要求：1.字数要求：One complex sentence preferred. Around 20 words.2. 分论点四项基本原则：(1). 内容原则：分论点应该体现为一种_____________________________并且与总论点为_________________关系。
雅思写作课程讲义
2010年冲刺班雅思A类写作讲义主讲：刘巍巍第一讲雅思高分写作思路总览雅思写作高分：7分或7分以上第一节的内容：1．雅思写作的整体介绍2．高分写作的要求3．解决问题的方案4．课程的总览一．雅思写作的整体介绍General Introduction听力、阅读考试之后60分钟Task 1 and Task 2A类和G类的区别：task 2 议论文task 1 A：图表作文G：书信评分：以Task 2 为主二：高分写作的要求评分标准：Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Communicative Quality(交流质量)Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)1.避免使用过于低级的单词The problem becomes worse by the poor effects we made.The problem was compounded due to the ineffective measures we had taken.They claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only an incorrect argument. The claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only a lame argument. People face violence and crimes on TV and films every day.People are bombarded by violence and crimes on TV and films every day.The kind of growth may lead to very bad results.The kind of growth may lead to dire consequences.consequence:far-reaching（深远的）, profound（深刻的）, adverse（不利的）, catastrophic（灾难的）, damaging（破坏性的）, devastating（破坏性的）, dire（可怕的）, disastrous（灾难的）, fatal（致命的）, tragic（悲惨的）, severe（严重的）,2.避免过分重复同一样的单词Mothers enjoy the same right for career advancement as fathers do.Mothers are just as entitled to career advancement as fathers.Mothers are empowered to career advancement as fathers.3.尽可能展示多变的句型定语从句：China is the largest developing country and is enjoying rapid economic growth. As a result, in the streets of major cities in China, there are thousands of vehicles of all kinds.As the largest developing country, China is enjoying rapid economic growth, the evidence of which can be seen in all major cities whose streets are teeming with thousands of vehicles of all kinds.倒装句：Young people are so impulsive and easily influenced that they are constantly tricked byadvertisement in all forms of media.Impulsive and easily influenced as young people are, they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.伴随状语：It is common now for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week because they have to sit through one extra class after another.It is common for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week, sitting through one extra class after another.设问句：Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between peoples, learning foreign languages still make sense.Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between people, would there be no point in learning foreign languages? By no means.Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Some people think that in order to improve the quality of education, high school students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers, but other people maintain that such evaluation and criticism may cause loss of respect for teachers and discipline. What do you think?有人认为，为了提高教育质量，我们应该鼓励高中生对自己的老师进行评估；别的人却认为这种评估是不尊重教师、违反学校纪律的行为。
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雅思写作高频词汇1高频写作词汇翻译练习高频名词1. 影响：influence/ impact/ effect教育对人类有影响。
（教育）2. 能力,技能： ability / capacity / skill旅游使孩子们能获得acquire(实用的practical)技能。
(旅游)3. 污染：pollution / contamination人类活动human activity导致(严重的)环境污染。
（环境）4. 老人： old people/ the old / the elderly / the aged / senior citizens=seniors 老人应该受到社会的尊重。
（社会）5. 老师：teacher / instructor / educator / lecturer老师不能被电脑和远程教育distance education替代replace。
(教育)6. 青少年： youngster / youth/ adolescent/teenager/ the young/ juniors越来越多的青少年沉迷be addicted to英特网。
（科技）7. 优点：advantage/benefit /merit现代科技有很多的优点。
（科技）8. 缺点：disadvantage/weakness/drawback出国留学的缺点不能被忽视ignore.(教育)9. 责任： responsibility / obligation / duty / liability保护民族文化是每个公民的责任。
(文化)10. 改善，进步，发展： improvement/ advancement/ development 科技的发展能够促进经济的进步。
（科技）高频动词1. 提高，加强：improve / enhance/ promote/strengthen政府应该提高人们的生活水平。
(政府)2. 导致，引起：cause / trigger / lead to/ result in现在科技的发展引起了一些社会问题。
（科技）3. 解决：solve /resolve /address / tackle /combat/cope with / deal with 人们最近在讨论怎样解决交通问题。
（交通）4. 拆除： tear down / knock down / eradicate传统建筑不应该被拆除。
（政府）5. 培养: develop / cultivate / foster竞争可以帮助孩子们培养独立性independence。
（教育）6. 激发，鼓励：encourage / motivate家长们应该鼓励孩子们参与户外活动。
（教育）7. 减轻，缓解: ease / mitigate / alleviate / relieve / lighten政府应该缓解环境问题。
（政府）8. 保护：protect/preserve保护环境是每个公民的义务duty. (环境)高频形容词1. 积极的，好的： beneficial /advantageous /conducive /favorable/positive 海外学习对一些学生来说是有益的。
(教育)2. 消极的，不良的，不利的：harmful/ detrimental / undesirable/negative 暴力的电影对孩子们的发展是不利的。
(媒体)3. 贫穷的：poor / needy / impoverished贫穷的学生不能负担afford学费tuition fee.(教育)4. 富裕的：rich / wealthy / affluent富裕的孩子有更多的机会成功。
(教育)5. 明显的：obvious / apparent / clear手机的明显的好处之一是提高交流效率。
(科技)高频副词1. 明显地：obviously/ clearly/ apparently明显地，越来越多的毕业生graduate觉得难找工作。
(教育)2. 显著地： significantly/ dramatically世界的人口显著地增加了。
(环境)3. 相当地，十分，非常: rather/ quite / very / pretty高科技的运用变得相当地常见。
(科技)重要词组搭配表示有好处A is beneficial toB A对B有益A exerts/imposes positive/beneficial influence onB A对B有积极的/有益的影响练习：阅读对孩子们有益。
休闲活动对人们有益。
自学self-study对学生有益。
全球化globalization对交流有益。
电脑对提高效率有积极的影响。
政府的投资investment 基础教育的发展表示有坏处，有害A is harmful/detrimental toB A对B不利A exerts/imposes negative/detrimental influence onB A对B有消极的/不利的影响练习：网络游戏对孩子们有害。
全球化对民族文化的保护。
人口过剩overpopulation→社会的发展发展核武器nuclear weapon→世界和平表示引起/导致A give rise to/cause/ lead to/ result in B练习：广告→不必要的消费consumption人口过剩→资源的不足insufficiency私家车的使用→空气污染表示A是B的原/起因A is the cause of BA is the root cause of BA is the primary/ chief cause of B吸烟是很多疾病的根源。
人口过剩是激烈的intense社会竞争的主要原因。
表示重要性A plays an essential role/part in B/doingB A对B 起很重要的作用练习：教育→经济的发展教育→环境的保护科技→现代交通的发展保护民族特色→旅游业tourism的发展Protecting the national images plays a main role in the development of tourism. 表示重视…lay /place more emphasis on…attach more importance to…政府→保护传统建筑学生→英特网的消极影响表示采取措施做某事Take/ adopt (effective/strong) measures/ actions/ steps to do sth.练习：政府→保护野生动物老师→帮助学生提升能力家长→鼓励学生参与户外活动推断很可能的事实A be likely to do A很可能A tend to do 一般会做某事练习：高中生→更关注考试和学习成绩academic performance来自富裕家庭的孩子→享受高等教育或者海外学习表示投资invest in sth/ allocate money to sth/ provide financial support for sth. 练习：政府→太空项目政府→高等教育政府→博物馆和艺术馆的维护maintenance政府→基础建设 the construction of infrastructure表示努力做某事struggle for /make great efforts to/ spare no efforts for练习：学生→学习英语参与，参加engage in / take part in/ participate in练习：学生→课外extracurricular活动住在大城市的人们→休闲活动使某人能够做某事allow/enable sb. to do sth.练习：海外学习→学生→体验异国的exotic文化和传统接触到某事get access to sth./ be exposed to sth.练习：学生→异国的exotic文化和传统人们→更多资源认为sth./sb.怎么样consider sth. as/to be…regard sth. as…find sth….练习：提升素质教育→解决社会问题的主要方法之一Consider the quality education’s development/ advancement/ improvement as /to be the major method to resolve the social problems不合理的道路设计→交通堵塞的重要原因之一控制人口→有效地解决能源不足energy insufficiency的问题的方法之一下定义sth. can best be described as…某事/物被描述为…sth. can be seen as…某事/物被看做是…sth. can be viewed as … 被视为是…练习：英特网→主流媒体mainstream medium远程教育distance education →一种更有效率的教学方式全球化→信息时代information era的特征feature2翻译下列词组：美国的贸易 trade一年工作或者旅游文化的发展中国的人口两周的假期人口的增长传统文化的保护发展中国家的经济economic增长growth中国经济的可持续sustainable发展英国城市居民的人均average收入income自然环境的破坏destruction人类的生存survival和发展高频名词1. 影响：influence/ impact/ effect教育对人类有影响。
（教育）Education has positive influence on human beings.2. 能力,技能： ability / capacity / skill旅游使孩子们能获得acquire(实用的practical)技能。
(旅游)Traveling enables children to acquire practical skills.3. 污染：pollution / contamination人类活动human activity导致(严重的)环境污染。
（环境）Human activities cause serious environmental pollution.4. 老人： old people/ the old / the elderly / the aged / senior citizens=seniors 老人应该受到社会的尊重。
（社会）Seniors should be respected by the society.5. 老师：teacher / instructor / educator / lecturer老师不能被电脑和远程教育distance education替代replace。