英语修辞手法

Transferred epithet
• He must be doing some cold calculating just now. • 刚才他肯定是在冷静地计算着。 刚才他肯定是在冷静地计算着。 • I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea) • 持续了两天的暴风雨使我欣喜若狂，我爱这漫长无所事事的日子 持续了两天的暴风雨使我欣喜若狂， 胜过一切，在这些日子里，我抛弃了我过去的一切。 胜过一切，在这些日子里，我抛弃了我过去的一切。 • His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down with a dismissal speech rehearsed. • 他的上司大概在一边踱步，一边构思着解雇他的言辞。 他的上司大概在一边踱步，一边构思着解雇他的言辞。 • I have questioned husbands of long standing about the color of their wives’ eyes, and often they express embarrassed confusion and admit that, they do not know. (Helen Keller) • 我曾向一些结婚多年的丈夫询问他们的妻子的眼睛是什么颜色， 我曾向一些结婚多年的丈夫询问他们的妻子的眼睛是什么颜色， 他们常常窘迫地表示出迷惑，随后承认不知道。 他们常常窘迫地表示出迷惑，随后承认不知道。
• It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really apply or belong. • Or: A figure of speech in which the epithet is transferred from appropriate noun to modify another to which it does not really belong. • 把本应该用来描述甲事物状态的定语去形容乙事物，而乙事物却根本不具 把本应该用来描述甲事物状态的定语去形容乙事物， 备这种性质或功能。 转移描述词 移就修辞格） 转移描述词; 备这种性质或功能。(转移描述词 移就修辞格） • E.g. Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder. • an easy writer（作品通俗易懂的作家）＝ writer whose works read ）＝a （作品通俗易懂的作家）＝ easy • I spent sleepless nights on my project. • Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks. (two points of high colour --- high colour 指红 晕) • “Thank you,” he said as the three of them shared a lingering hug. • “谢谢你们。” 他说道，这三个人久久地拥抱在一起。 谢谢你们。 他说道，这三个人久久地拥抱在一起。 谢谢你们
• 是指用尖酸刻薄的话对个人的缺点、过失、社会的丑 是指用尖酸刻薄的话对个人的缺点、过失、 恶现象或黑暗面进行讥讽、挖苦,常是有意地伤害他 恶现象或黑暗面进行讥讽、挖苦 常是有意地伤害他 人的感情,所以常含有较强的贬义 所以常含有较强的贬义。 人的感情 所以常含有较强的贬义。 • A cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的， 讽刺挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话 语
• Insurgencies tend to be resolved at the bargaining table. 叛 乱只能在谈判桌边才能解决。 乱只能在谈判桌边才能解决。 • On his sick bed he summoned his sons and daughters into his presence. • He passed many an anxious hour in the train. • I spoke to him in hesitant English. • He lives by honest labour. • She has expensive tastes in clothes. • 她喜欢穿高档衣服。(语义上修饰 语义上修饰clothes的expensive，转移为 她喜欢穿高档衣服。 语义上修饰 的 ， 修饰tastes) 修饰 • They prolonged the clasp for the photographer, exchanging smiling words. (exchange words in a smiling way) • 他们握手时边笑边谈，以此延长握手时间，好让摄影师进行拍照。 他们握手时边笑边谈，以此延长握手时间，好让摄影师进行拍照。 • America has shown us too many desperately worried executive dropping into early graves. • 在美国，许多走投无路的经理过早跌进了坟墓。 在美国，许多走投无路的经理过早跌进了坟墓 早跌进了坟墓。
Irony
(反语） 反语） 反语
• a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. • This form of irony is called verbal irony, and differs from the stylistic device of dramatic irony. • The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法 • An expression or utterance marked by a deliberate contrast between apparent and intended meaning. 反语句以表面含义与实际含义相 反为特征的表达或措词
Ridicule (嘲弄 奚落） 嘲弄,奚落 嘲弄 奚落）
• unkind descriptions that are intended to make someone or something seem stupid • 通常指用一些不太善意的或看起来比较滑稽 和夸张的语言对不良的或愚蠢的行为进行揭 露和批评。 露和批评。 • Example: Bryan, ageing and paunchy • Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Sarcasm（讽刺） （讽刺）
• a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting (嘲弄 奚落 and bitter manner, and 嘲弄,奚落 嘲弄 奚落) its aim is to disparage（轻视 毁谤） , 毁谤） （轻视,毁谤 ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked.
• A literary style employing such contrasts for humorous or rhetorical effect. • 一种文学风格 使用这类对比以达到幽默或修辞的 一种文学风格, 效果 • e.g. marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century • Hiroshima---the liveliest city in the world. • He was such a marvelous teacher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius you could be sure he’d water it. • (他真是个了不起的人，只要他发现了一点天才的火 他真是个了不起的人， 他真是个了不起的人 你就可以相信他一定会把它浇灭。 花，你就可以相信他一定会把它浇灭。)
Sarcasm, Ridicule & Irony
• Sarcasm is usually intended to mock or insult someone. • If you ridicule someone or ridicule their ideas or beliefs, you make fun of them in an unkind way. • Irony is a subtle form of humour which involves saying things that you do not mean.
• A form of wit that is marked by the use of sarcastic language and is intended to make its victim the butt of contempt or ridicule. • 讥讽一种措辞巧妙的话语，以运用讽刺性语言为特征，意在 讥讽一种措辞巧妙的话语，以运用讽刺性语言为特征， 使被讥讽者成为被人蔑视或讽刺的对象． 使被讥讽者成为被人蔑视或讽刺的对象． • Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through. • There is some doubt about that. • Frankly, I have been accustomed to regard your President as a statesman whose mouth was the most efficient part of his head. He cannot have thought of it (the idea) himself. Who suggested it to him? • 坦率地说 我一贯把你们的总统看作政治家 他的嘴是他头上 坦率地说,我一贯把你们的总统看作政治家 我一贯把你们的总统看作政治家,他的嘴是他头上 最能干的器官。他本人是想不出这个主意的, 最能干的器官。他本人是想不出这个主意的 是谁向他提出 的? •
Rhetorical Devices
• • • • • • • Metaphor Hyperbole Transferred epithet Antithesis Assonance Repetition Synecdoche Irony Pun Oxymoron Simile Metonymy Ridicule Sarcasm