高层建筑火灾风险评估
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摘要
摘要
本文对高层建筑火灾进行了分析 , 包括高层建筑火灾的特点、火灾的发展 过程、蔓延途径、两类火灾危险源分析及其危害 , 是认识高层建筑火灾过程的 基本理论 , 为火灾的风险评价的研究奠定基础。针对高层建筑火灾的特点 , 根 据系统性、科学性、稳定可操作性等原则建立了高层建筑火灾风险评价指标 体系 , 并分别对各级指标进行了说明。应用层次分析法和古斯塔夫法对高层建 筑火灾风险评估。根据层次分析评价法的原理建造了高层建筑火灾风险评价 的综合评价模型。评价模型中的指标权重采用层次分析法( AHP )来确定 , 层 次分析法(AHP)计算出评价指标体系中各个因素的权重值。 古斯塔夫法引入无量纲系数对建筑物火灾危险度 GR 和建筑物内人员危险 度 IR 进行分析,计算综合火灾危险度 , 然后综合两种分析法进行评估。从评价 结果可知,笔者认为古斯塔夫法更适合运用于高层建筑火灾风险评估。 本研究能为高层建筑的性能化防火设计和安全管理提供有效依据,从而预 测和防止火灾事故发生,具有一定的现实意义。 关键词: 高层建筑, 火灾, 风险评价, 指标体系, 层次分析法,古斯塔夫法
AHP, Gustav France
- II -
目录
目录
摘要 ............................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 绪论 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 火灾 .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 火灾的危害 ............................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 高层建筑火灾的形势 ............................................................................... 1 1.2 高层建筑火灾评估现状 .................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 国外评估现状 ........................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 国内火灾风险评估现状 ........................................................................... 5 1.3 高层建筑火灾风险评估的目的和意义 .......................................................... 7 1.3.1 高层建筑火灾风险评估的目的 ............................................................... 7 1.3.2 高层建筑火灾风险评估的意义 ............................................................... 7 1.4 高层建筑火灾风险评估方法概述 .................................................................. 8 1.4.1 定性分析法 ............................................................................................... 9 1.4.2 半定量分析法 ........................................................................................... 9 1.4.3 定量分析法 ............................................................................................. 10 1.5 高层建筑火灾风险评估课题的分析研究与计划 ........................................ 11 1.5.1 课题研究内容 ......................................................................................... 11 1.5.2 计划路线 ................................................................................................. 12 第 2 章 高层建筑火灾分析 .................................................................................... 13 2.1 高层建筑的火灾事故特点 ............................................................................ 13 2.2 高层建筑火灾的发生和发展过程 ................................................................ 15 2.2.1 初期增长阶段 ......................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 充分发展阶段 ......................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 减弱阶段 ................................................................................................. 16 2.3 高层建筑火灾传播的方式 ............................................................................ 17 2.4 高层建筑火灾的蔓延途径 ............................................................................ 17 2.4.1 火灾在水平方向的蔓延 ......................................................................... 18 2.4.2 其他蔓延途径 ......................................................................................... 20 2.5 高层建筑火灾中的危险源及其危害 ............................................................ 20 2.5.1 第一类危险源及其危害 ......................................................................... 20 2.5.2 第二类危险源及其危害 ......................................................................... 23 2.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................ 24 第 3 章 高层建筑火灾风险评价指标体系 ............................................................ 25 3.1 评价指标体系建立的原则 ............................................................................ 25 3.1.1 高层建筑火灾危险性评价指标体系的建立 ......................................... 26
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
-I-
吉林建筑工程学院本科毕业设计
Abstract
In this paper, the high building fire are analyzed, including high building fire, fire the characteristics of the development process, the spread of fire hazard is the way, two analysis and its harm, is the understanding of the process of high building fire basic theory, the fire risk assessment study lay the foundation. According to the characteristics of high building fire, according to a new systematic, scientific, stable operation principle and established the high-rise building fire risk evaluation index system, and different indicators for the show at all levels. Using the ahp method and gustave of high-rise building fire risk assessment. According to the principle of hierarchy evaluation method to build high-rise building fire risk assessment of comprehensive evaluation model. Evaluation model of the index weight used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) calculated the evaluation index system of different factors in the weights. Gustave method is introduced into the dimensionless coefficients on the building fire risk within the building staff risk GR and IR analysis, calculation comprehensive fire risk. Then combined the two analysis for the evaluation. The evaluation results from that, the author thinks that the method is more suitable for use gustaf in high-rise buildings fire risk assessment. This study of high-rise building for performance-based fire protection design and safety management to provide effective basis, thus the Measure and prevent fire accident happened, has some of the realistic significance Keywords: High-rise buildings, fire, risk evaluation index system,
摘要
本文对高层建筑火灾进行了分析 , 包括高层建筑火灾的特点、火灾的发展 过程、蔓延途径、两类火灾危险源分析及其危害 , 是认识高层建筑火灾过程的 基本理论 , 为火灾的风险评价的研究奠定基础。针对高层建筑火灾的特点 , 根 据系统性、科学性、稳定可操作性等原则建立了高层建筑火灾风险评价指标 体系 , 并分别对各级指标进行了说明。应用层次分析法和古斯塔夫法对高层建 筑火灾风险评估。根据层次分析评价法的原理建造了高层建筑火灾风险评价 的综合评价模型。评价模型中的指标权重采用层次分析法( AHP )来确定 , 层 次分析法(AHP)计算出评价指标体系中各个因素的权重值。 古斯塔夫法引入无量纲系数对建筑物火灾危险度 GR 和建筑物内人员危险 度 IR 进行分析,计算综合火灾危险度 , 然后综合两种分析法进行评估。从评价 结果可知,笔者认为古斯塔夫法更适合运用于高层建筑火灾风险评估。 本研究能为高层建筑的性能化防火设计和安全管理提供有效依据,从而预 测和防止火灾事故发生,具有一定的现实意义。 关键词: 高层建筑, 火灾, 风险评价, 指标体系, 层次分析法,古斯塔夫法
AHP, Gustav France
- II -
目录
目录
摘要 ............................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 绪论 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 火灾 .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 火灾的危害 ............................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 高层建筑火灾的形势 ............................................................................... 1 1.2 高层建筑火灾评估现状 .................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 国外评估现状 ........................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 国内火灾风险评估现状 ........................................................................... 5 1.3 高层建筑火灾风险评估的目的和意义 .......................................................... 7 1.3.1 高层建筑火灾风险评估的目的 ............................................................... 7 1.3.2 高层建筑火灾风险评估的意义 ............................................................... 7 1.4 高层建筑火灾风险评估方法概述 .................................................................. 8 1.4.1 定性分析法 ............................................................................................... 9 1.4.2 半定量分析法 ........................................................................................... 9 1.4.3 定量分析法 ............................................................................................. 10 1.5 高层建筑火灾风险评估课题的分析研究与计划 ........................................ 11 1.5.1 课题研究内容 ......................................................................................... 11 1.5.2 计划路线 ................................................................................................. 12 第 2 章 高层建筑火灾分析 .................................................................................... 13 2.1 高层建筑的火灾事故特点 ............................................................................ 13 2.2 高层建筑火灾的发生和发展过程 ................................................................ 15 2.2.1 初期增长阶段 ......................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 充分发展阶段 ......................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 减弱阶段 ................................................................................................. 16 2.3 高层建筑火灾传播的方式 ............................................................................ 17 2.4 高层建筑火灾的蔓延途径 ............................................................................ 17 2.4.1 火灾在水平方向的蔓延 ......................................................................... 18 2.4.2 其他蔓延途径 ......................................................................................... 20 2.5 高层建筑火灾中的危险源及其危害 ............................................................ 20 2.5.1 第一类危险源及其危害 ......................................................................... 20 2.5.2 第二类危险源及其危害 ......................................................................... 23 2.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................ 24 第 3 章 高层建筑火灾风险评价指标体系 ............................................................ 25 3.1 评价指标体系建立的原则 ............................................................................ 25 3.1.1 高层建筑火灾危险性评价指标体系的建立 ......................................... 26
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
-I-
吉林建筑工程学院本科毕业设计
Abstract
In this paper, the high building fire are analyzed, including high building fire, fire the characteristics of the development process, the spread of fire hazard is the way, two analysis and its harm, is the understanding of the process of high building fire basic theory, the fire risk assessment study lay the foundation. According to the characteristics of high building fire, according to a new systematic, scientific, stable operation principle and established the high-rise building fire risk evaluation index system, and different indicators for the show at all levels. Using the ahp method and gustave of high-rise building fire risk assessment. According to the principle of hierarchy evaluation method to build high-rise building fire risk assessment of comprehensive evaluation model. Evaluation model of the index weight used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) calculated the evaluation index system of different factors in the weights. Gustave method is introduced into the dimensionless coefficients on the building fire risk within the building staff risk GR and IR analysis, calculation comprehensive fire risk. Then combined the two analysis for the evaluation. The evaluation results from that, the author thinks that the method is more suitable for use gustaf in high-rise buildings fire risk assessment. This study of high-rise building for performance-based fire protection design and safety management to provide effective basis, thus the Measure and prevent fire accident happened, has some of the realistic significance Keywords: High-rise buildings, fire, risk evaluation index system,