永磁同步电动机齿槽转矩优化设计仿真

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设计分析esign and analysis 2019年第47卷第1期

唐雅楠等 永磁同步电动机齿槽转矩优化设计仿真

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　收稿日期:2018-07-26

永磁同步电动机齿槽转矩优化设计仿真

唐雅楠1,景会成1,赵　欣2,王志超2

(1.华北理工大学,唐山063210;2.包头中科智能科技有限公司,包头014000)

摘　要:分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电动机因产生齿槽转矩及大量的磁动势谐波,会影响电机的工作性能㊂在分析齿槽转矩及谐波产生原理的基础上,确定了齿槽转矩及磁动势谐波影响因素,对电机结构进行了综合优化设计㊂针对一款400W 永磁同步电动机,通过对绕组系数㊁齿槽转矩㊁力波振动和谐波损耗综合分析,设计了12槽10极双层并联绕组和不开槽定子结构;采用环形永磁体以优化气隙磁密;以体积㊁成本㊁性能为综合指标,设计了电机各部分尺寸㊂通过有限元分析法对电机静磁场特性㊁空载气隙磁密㊁齿槽转矩及空载反电动势进行了仿真分析㊂制造样机并进行了性能测试㊂仿真与测试结果表明,该电机设计合理,性能优良㊂

关键词:永磁同步电动机;分数槽;槽极配合;气隙磁密;齿槽转矩;空载反电动势

中图分类号:TM341;TM351 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1004-7018(2019)01-0028-05

Optimization Design and Simulation of Cogging Torque of

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

TANG Ya⁃nan 1,JING Hui⁃cheng 1,ZHAO Xin 2,WANG Zhi⁃chao 2

(1.North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;

2.Baotou Zhongke Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.,Baotou 014000,China)

Abstract :Fractional-slot concentrated-winding permanent magnet synchronous motors may affect the performance of

the motor due to cogging torque and a large number of harmonics of the magnetomotive force.Based on the analysis of the principle of cogging torque and harmonic generation,the cogging torque and the influence factors of harmonics of the mag⁃neto-motive force were determined,the motor structure was optimized and designed.For a 400W permanent magnet syn⁃chronous motor,a 12-slot 10pole double-layer shunt winding and a non-slotted stator structure were designed by analy⁃zing the winding coefficient,cogging torque,force wave vibration and harmonic loss.In order to optimize the air gap mag⁃netic density;volume,cost,performance as a comprehensive indicator,the design of the motor part size.The finite ele⁃ment analysis method was used to simulate the static magnetic field characteristics,no-load air gap flux density,cogging torque and no-load back electromotive force.Prototypes were built and tested for performance.Simulation and test results

show that the motor has a reasonable design and good performance.Key words :permanent magnet synchronous motor,fractional slot,slot /pole number combination,air gap magnetic

density,cogging torque,no-load back-EMF

0　引　言

分数槽绕组永磁同步电动机因为精度高㊁损耗小㊁效率高㊁稳定性能好㊁可自动绕线等优点,已逐步取代其它电机,广泛应用于国内外市场[1-5]㊂但是这款电机存在以下问题:(1)在电机的使用中,齿槽转矩对电机工作性能影响很大[6-9];

(2)分数槽集中绕组可以一定程度上削弱低阶

齿槽转矩[10],但是高阶齿槽转矩无法消除,同时也增加了电机的磁动势谐波[11]㊂

针对以上问题,学者做了大量的研究㊂文献

[12]提出设计特殊永磁体结构可以削弱齿槽转矩㊂

文献[13]通过改变弧极系数来达到削弱齿槽转矩的目的㊂这些方法都在一定程度上削弱了齿槽转矩,但是同时造成电机结构复杂,制造工艺困难,其它性能随之减弱㊂文献[14]总结了齿槽转矩与电机槽/极配合的关系,指出获得最低齿槽转矩的槽/极配合q 的取值;文献[15]采用不等齿宽分数槽集中绕组来削弱电机谐波,但这些方法均是从单方面对电机进行改造,没有对其进行综合分析㊂

本文在分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电动机结构的基础上,对电机齿槽转矩及磁动势谐波进行了分析㊂综合考虑绕组系数㊁齿槽转矩㊁力波振动㊁磁动势谐波损耗等因素,选择了最优的极/槽配合数,并对绕组进行设计㊂以不增加工艺难度为前提下,设计了特殊的定子槽形㊁永磁体形状㊁定转子内外径尺寸和气隙长度来削弱齿槽转矩㊂