高考英语短文改错解题技巧 (共51张PPT)

短文改错应注意的问题
四不改:
①标点符号不改。
②大小写不改。 ③词序错误不改。
④在纲外生词不改。
Steps of correcting a composition:
1. Go through the whole passage to get a general idea .(浏览全文，掌握大意）
2. Read the passage sentence by sentence and find the mistakes.（分句阅读，逐行找错）
⑶ 上下文的性别不一致。如： Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said… (him→ her) ［2010大纲］ ⑷ 人称代词格的误用。如： Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them… (I→ me)［2007课标］
…make their friendship to last long. ［2014大纲］
A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. ［2015课标卷］
told
五、 代词格，细领悟
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 人 称 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 代词 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 形容 词 my, your, his, her, its, our, their 物 主 性 代词 名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, 反身代词 ourselves, yourselves, themselves this, that, these, those, such, some 指示代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, 疑问代词 whichever, whatever that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系代词 one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, 不定代词 other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either
hours
⑵ 像advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage, luggage, jewellery, clothing等不可 数名词是没有复数形式的，但在文中却用 了复数。如： It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.［2011课标］
∧
is
•： • Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. •： • You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the other books, but you are not permit to take them out.
We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! ［2014课标I］ wonderful The fruits are small in size, but juicy （多汁的） and taste. ［2014课标I］ tasty Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. ［2015课标I］ serious I am awfully tiring. ［2013浙江］ tired Dad and I were terrible worried. ［2015课 标I I ］ terribly
. (luggages→ luggage)
⑶ 本应用名词的所有格的，但文中没有用。 如：
When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. ［2011课标］ (my friend→ my friend’s)
名词当堂练 [例1]…give me some advices on how to write like a real advice writer.
lessons
二、名词数
错误类型：名词单复数错误；名词所有格错误。
改正方法： ①分析修饰语的单复数意义、主谓一致的特点和语境 意义可以发现并改正名词单复数错误。
②分析前后两个名词之间有无所属关系可以发现并改
正名词所有格错误。
常考的不可数名词有fun, progress, advice, information,
一、动词形
主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态 错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。 We must found ways to protect our environment .
［2015全国课标卷］
find
缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词） She afraid of staying at home alone.
⑴ 上下文的人称不一致。如： Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. (them→ us) ［2011大纲］
⑵ 上下文的单复数不一致。如： …both of them have similar ideas… Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long. (him→ them) ［2014大纲］
[例2]Christie was one of my best friend at high school. friends [例3]When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of friend’s clothes. [例4]I was playing at my cousin house. cousin’s
短文改错
命题特点 ⑴ 用来命题的短文内容与学生的学习生 活非常贴近，好像就是学生的习作。
⑵ 长度均在100词左右。 ⑶ 这些材料都是记叙文。
⑷ 新课标卷的设题通常是：1处多1个词， 1处少1个词，8处错1个词。
1） 短文长度 依据高考近两年全国卷I和II进行分析，特别是2015年，词 数都是
106
，故此题的短文长度应在
105-
110个词之间。
行数：7
细看题目规范
短文改错（共10小题，每小题一分，满分10分） 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉 及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该 加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词 。 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词
四、非谓语，细辨别
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现 在分词、过去分词，和不定式错误。
to do 表目的或将来 doing 表主动进行 done表被动完成
一般说来，句中已有谓语动词，再出 现动词，其前面又没有并列连词时，该动 词应为非谓语动词。我们应根据该非谓语 动词在句中所作句子成分，以及它与逻辑 主语的关系，来确定用具体的形式。
wishes
permΒιβλιοθήκη Baidutted
Not only the students but also the teacher like the film.
likes
二、名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。
：Personally, I found most lesson rather uninteresting.
3. Read the passage for the third time, check the answers and correct the difficult ones. （检查核对，攻克难点）
A
Limerick
动词形，名词数 还要注意形和副 非谓语，细辨别 代词格，细领悟
介词、短语要记住 冠词连词常光顾 逻辑错误理清楚
After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing.
［2015全国卷］
looking
I look forward to see her again in the near future. ［2010大纲］ seeing
六、介词短语要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其 错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭 配错误。
in Sunday afternoon
oncatch a sight of
lose my heart
in hurry
∨
a
⑴ 常用介词的错用。如： Therefore, we have more time with afterschool activities. ［2014课标II］ for
⑸ 人称代词、反身代词、疑问代词等的 错用。如：
He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others… (从句主语which是指 the voice, 这种声音使“他”与别人分离, 故改himself为him)［2013课标I］
：
•We must find ways to protect your environment. ［2015课标］ our Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. ［2015全国卷］ his
equipment, furniture, news等。
⑴ 在several, few, many, one of, a couple of, three, one and a half, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等词语后，或虽没有这 些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词 — 的，但文中却用了单数。如： For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and…［2014课标II］
高考短文改错的考察方式（格式要规范）
设疑方式 错词（8）、漏词（1）、多词（1）
Unnecessary 1. I can go to home now.
word 2. I like playing piano. ∧ Missing word the
Wrong word
3. I am fond at English. of
三、还要注意形和副
注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用 法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。形容词 和副词的比较级和最高级也是考察的重点。 形容词在句中作定语,表语，补语
副词在句中作状语，修饰动词，形容词，整句 ] I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. less
⑵ 固定词组中的介词误用。如： …and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes… ［2014课标I］ of