13年改革后四级全真试卷_翻译题

翻译
1春节贴年画(pasting New Year Prints)的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神(Door Gods）的传统。

随着木质雕刻品（board carvings）的出现，年画包含了更广泛的主题，最出名的就是门神，三大神——福神、薪神和寿神（Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity），寓意着庄稼丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。

年画的四大产地分别是苏州桃花坞、河北武强和山东潍坊。

现在中国农村仍然保持着贴年画的传统，而在城市里很少有人贴年画。

译：The custom of pasting New Year Prints in Spring Festival originated from the tradition of pasting Door Gods on the external doors of the house. With the creation of board carvings, New Year paintings cover a wide range of subjects, The most famous ones are Door God and Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity, signifying the abundant harvest of crops, the prosperity of domestic animals and the
celebration of Spring Festival. Four producing areas of New Year Prints are Taohuawu of Suzhou, Yangliuqing of Tianjing, Wuqiang of Hebei and Weifang Of Shandong. Now the tradition of pasting New Year paintings is still kept in rural China, while it is seldom followed in cities.
“2春联（The Spring Couplet）”也被成为“对联（couplet）”，在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。

春联是由贴在门口两侧两组对立的句子（antithetical sentences）组成。

在门上的横批（horizontal scroll bearing an inscription）通常是一个吉祥的短语。

贴在门右侧的句子被称作对联的上联( The first line of the couplet），左侧的为下联。

除夕那天，每家都会在门上贴上红纸写的春联，传递出节日的喜庆和热闹的（hilarious）气氛。

在过去，中国人通常用毛笔写春联或者请别人写春联，而现在，人们普遍在市场上买印刷好的春联。

译：＂The Spring Couplet＂, also called ＂couplet＂,
is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door. Above the gate is a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, usually blessing phrase .The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet, and the left one is the second line. On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household will paste on the doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and hilarious atmosphere of the Festival. In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do it for them, while nowadays, it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.
3仅仅鼠标一点，购物者就几乎能在网上买到任何东
西，从食品杂货到汽车，从保险单（insurance policies）到房贷。

电子商务（electronic commerce）的世界使得消费者无需离开舒适的家就能够在数以千计的网店购物，并且完成付款。

消费者期望商家（merchants）不仅仅能够在网上销售产品，而且能够让支付过程变得简单、安全。

当然，网络购物者也需要谨慎小心以保证愉快、安全的网购经历。

译：With just a click of the mouse, shoppers can buy any product online, from groceries to cars, from insurance policies to house loans. The world of electronic commerce enables consumers to shop at thousand of online stores and pay for their purchase without leaving the comfortable home. Consumers expect merchants not only to make their products available also on the Web, but also to make payments a simple and secure process. Of course, online shoppers need to be cautious to make their
online shopping experiences enjoyable and safe.
4:自1978年改革开放（economic opening up and reform）以来，中国经济增长了90倍，是增长最快的主要经济体（economic entity）。

预测2011到2015年，年均GDP增长会保持9.5%。

中国是世界最大的出口国，第二大进口国。

也是世界第二大奢侈品消费国。

目前GDP位于世界第二，大约6万亿美元，相当于美国的四成，但人均（per capita）只有4300美元。

不同地区、城乡之间发展也不平衡。

发达地区集中在东南沿海，其余地方则普遍落后。

译：Since economic opening up and reform policy began in 1978,China’s economy has grown by 90 times and is the fastest growing major economic entity in the world .China’s annual average GDP growth is predicted to be 9.5 percent in the period of 2011 to 2015 .China is the world’s largest exporter of goods and the second largest importer .It is also known as the world’s second biggest
consumer of luxury goods. It now has the world second largest GDP at about 6 trillion US dollars,40 percent of the United States, but its per capita income is only 4300 dollars. China’s growth has been uneven when comparing different regions and rural and urban areas. Developed areas have been mainly concentrated in the southeastern coastal regions, while the remainder of this country are left behind.
5据最近的一项网上调查显示，55%的中国青年认为自己对生活缺乏热情，71%的人认为他们承受着巨大压力。

焦虑普遍存在于中国年轻人中。

名车、豪宅和优越的生活（live a privileged life）是人们追求的目标。

然而，与高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用相比，他们的工资低且增长缓慢，看不到脱离困境的希望，焦虑因此而产生。

译：A recent online survey finds that 55 percent of
young people in China thought they lacked enthusiasm for life , and 71 percent considered themselves under heavy pressure. Anxiety is a common phenomenon among young Chinese today . Brand-name cars , luxurious houses and living a privileged life are people’s driven goals . However, compared with the high housing prices , education expenses and medical costs, their income is too low with slow growth and they see little hope for escaping, so anxiety occurs.
6要给中国的背包旅行现象找一个确切的渊源，似乎不是一件太容易的事。

不过这种新型的旅游方式，也已经吸引了成千上万的爱好者。

而想要成为‘驴友’（backpackers），你不一定要年富力强，也不一定要囊中富足。

‘驴友’们很多不过是口袋空空的学生，每一次旅途都要精打细算，而另一些人则可能已到了中老年。

他们通过旅行自立自强（self-reliance）的精
神，也在旅行中相互关爱。

译：It does not seem to be easy task to seek the origins of the backpackers phenomenon in China, yet tens of thousands of people have been appealed to this new type of tourism . Backpackers in China are not necessarily young or affluent ; many of them are impoverished students who budget their travels very carefully , and some are middle-aged people or senior citizens. During the travel, they pursue the spirit of self-reliance and take care of each other .
7唐朝（Tang Dynasty）被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期。

唐朝的首都在长安。

在与印度和中东（the Middle East）的交流中，在他们的促进下，唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。

唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。

唐朝通过科举制度（civil service examinations）在全国选出优秀的儒家文人（Confucian literati）为政府效力，而唐朝的政治体系在儒学官僚（Confucian bureaucratic）的支持之下日臻完善。

公元8世纪中期，唐朝势力开始衰落。

译：Tang Dynasty，whose capital is Chang’an , is
regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization . Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East , the empire saw a great development in many fields. The tang period was the golden age of literature and art .Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations , the government system of tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic . By the middle of the eighth century A.D.,the power of Tang Dynasty had ebbed.
8白色污染指的是塑料污染（plastic pollution）。

不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。

塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。

如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢？有一天，它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆
中。

那时的地球——我们共同的家园将会成为一个垃
圾桶（dustbin）。

为了防止这个噩梦成为现实，政府
间应该互相紧密合作并将口头承诺付诸实际行动。

同时，我们应当从自身做起，为绿色环保出一份力。

译：White pollution refers to plastic
pollution . Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads . Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind. If we using these, what would happy ?One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish. Then the earth , our common homeland, would be a dustbin . To prevent this nightmare from coming true , governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions . We,as individuals ,should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment. 9中西方饮食习惯（eating habits）存在极大的差异。

不同于西方那种每人一盘食物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌上让大家分享的。

如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌食物的心理准备。

中国人对于自己的烹饪文化（culture of cuisine）感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客（hospitality）。

而且有时候，中国主任会用他们的
筷子把食物夹道你的碗里或盘子中。

这是礼貌的体现。

译：There are differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the West , where everyone has their own plate of food ,in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host , be prepared for a table of food . Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality.And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate . This is a sign of politeness. 10在中国，小孩儿的满月酒（one-Month-Old Feast）和抓周（One-Year-Old Catch）仪式独具特色。

小孩
儿出生满一个月那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋挚友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。

小孩儿满周岁的
那天，有抓周的仪式。

按照中国的传统，父母及他人
不给于任何的引导或暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看他先
抓什么，后抓什么，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存
在的志趣和将从事的职业以及前途。

译：In China , one-Month-Old Feast and
One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of Chinese
characteristic. On the day when a baby is a month old , the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion . On the day when a baby is one year old , there is a ceremony of One-Year-Old Catch . According to Chinese traditional custom , nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself . Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest,future career and development.。