副词性状语从句与连词

副词性状语从句和连词

状语从句由从属连词引导，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词等。根据其意义，状语从句通常分成以下几种：

1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when, while, as, after, before, as soon as, the moment/minute/instant, since, hardly/scarcely/barely…when, no sooner…than…, till, until, once, whenever, directly(非正式用法) 等等。

when (当…时)―― In our city, school buses are used only when（当…时） children live more than a mile from the school. 在我们这个城市，只有儿童住得离学校超过一英里远，才使用校车。

before（在…前，才，趁）――The flour, eggs, and sugar should be well mixed before it is poured into the baking pan. 面粉、鸡蛋和糖在倒入烤盘之前应该充分搅拌。

while （在…期间）――While the book is welcomed by scholars, it will make an immediate appeal to the general readers. 这本书将受到学者的欢迎，同时也会引起一般读者的兴趣。注意： when和while都可以用作主句动作发生的背景，但是while不能用于非持续性的动作。As （随着）――As it orbits the Sun, Mars rotates on its axis, an imaginary line through its center. 火星在绕太阳运行的同时绕着其自身的轴旋转，这个轴是一条假想的穿过其中心的线。

each/every time （每次，每每）――If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient. 如果人们每当进入睡梦阶段就被唤醒，那么即使睡眠总量已经足够，他们也会烦躁易怒。

Whenever （无论何时）――Whenever you are in trouble, don't hesitate to come to me for help.无论何时你遇到麻烦，不要犹豫，来找我帮忙。

since （自从）――Although I have lived in this country since I settled down last October, I still have trouble getting used to American food. 虽然从去年十月我就定居在这个国家，我仍然难以习惯美国的食品。

till （直到）――We will have to stay in this bus shelter till it stops raining. 我们得躲在这个候车亭里，一直到雨停。

until （直到，直到…才）――She has worked as an air-hostess until past her sixtieth birthday. 她当空中小姐一直到过了六十岁生日。 -----He didn't come back home until about midnight. 直到午夜他才回到家。

-----Not until the end of the term did he finish his paper. 直到学期末他才完成论文。注意：till和until 在含有持续性动词的肯定句中可以通用，在否定句中仅用until。该结构放句

首时，主句的语序需要部分倒装，以表示加强语气。

no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…（刚…就…）

------No sooner had they set out on their trip than it began to snow heavily. 他们刚踏上旅途，天就开始下起了大雪。

------Scarcely had I bought a car when/ before I sold it. 我刚买了一辆车，又把它卖了。注意：1 如上句所示，no sooner/ hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首时，从句用部分倒装语序，否则用正语序。

as soon as （一…就…） ------As soon as a baby turtle is hatched, it must start the dangerous journey towards the sea. 小海龟一经孵出，就必须开始其通向大海的危险之旅。

once （一旦，一当） ------"When do you wish to visit Mexico?" "Once I am settled,

I'll go there." "你希望什么时候访问墨西哥？" " 我一安顿下来就去。" the instant/minute/moment （一…就…） ------"Did you remember to give Mary the book?" "Yes. The instant I saw her, I remembered." "你记得把书送给玛丽了吗？" "是的，我一看见

她就想起来了。"

directly （一…就…）------The firemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.

消防队员一听到警报就立刻行动。

2.引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where和wherever。

where （所…的地方）------The doctor told me to use the lotion where pain （在…地

方） is felt. 医生告诉我把洗液擦在痛处。

wherever （无论何地）------He goes wherever he pleases.他愿上哪儿就上那儿。

3. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in

that，not that… but that…等。

because (因为) ------A virus cannot eat or reproduce by itself because it consists

only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell of protein. 由于病毒仅

仅是由一个蛋白质外壳保护的比较短的脱氧核糖核酸丝状体构成，因此它不能自己进食或繁殖。

as （由于） ------As women were not supposed to be novelists, Mary Ann Evans took the

name George Eliot when she published her first novel. 由于据认为妇女不应该写小说，玛

丽·安·埃文斯在出版她的第一本小说使用了乔治·艾略特这个名字。

since （由于，既然） ------Since sharks are heavier than water, they must swim

continuously or they will sink to the bottom. 由于鲨鱼比水重，因此它们必须不停地游

动，否则就会沉到水底。

注意：because、as和since都可以引导原因状语从句，其主要区别在于，because是所提供的通

常为新信息，语意较强，because引导的从句多位于主句之后；as和since所提供的常是已知信

息，语意较弱，从句多位于句首；since比as略为正式；because能够回答why引导的特殊问句，

而as和since不能。For 为并列连词，用来表示逻辑推理的原因或补充说明的原因。----It must

have snowed last night, for the ground is covered with white snow.昨晚

now that （既然）------Now that they have taken matters into their hands, the pace of

events has quickened. 他们既然已经着手自己来处理问题，事态进展也就加快了。

seeing that/ Considering (鉴于) ------ Seeing that/ Considering that he is old, he is

unfit for the job. 鉴于他年纪大，他不适合干这项工作。