问卷法 Questionnaire ppt

(8) Conducting a pilot study to test the questionnaire.
(9)
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(1) Selecting the mode of administration. Two common models:
By person: A group of subjects usually answer the same
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A MA student wanted to investigate students’ degree of anxiety in speaking L2, the following three items were part of her questionnaire:
(1) I try to avoid answering questions in class. (2) I try sit in the corner of the classroom so that I will
Experience/behaviour (what a respondent does)
Opinion (what a respondent thinks)
Feeling (what a respondent feels)
Knowledge/abilities (what a respondent knows and what is he able to do)
(1) You should avoid clipping or stating papers together if a questionnaire contains more than 5 pages.
(2) One question should not be printed across two page.
Brown, 2001:6
Aቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
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The term “questionnaire” refers to an instrument for the collection of data, usually in written form, consisting of open/closed questions and other probes requiring a response from subjects.
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(2) Specifying what kind of data you intend to collect.
At this stage, you have to understand what kind of data you really want to collect. There are five type of information.
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(3) Determining the way you process the questionnaire data.
Individual- item-based (单个题目问卷)
If the basic unit in the data analysis is an individual item, such as describing frequency and the mean of one isolate item, then such a questionnaire is called individual- item-based.
A survey study may be cross-sectional, when data are collected from different people at the same point in time; it may be longitudinal , when data are collected from the same group of people at different points over a period of time.
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By mail: If the respondents are spread out in different cities or
even in different countries what you can do is to mail the questionnaire to the target people.
to find out the respondents’ opinion or view rather than behavior.
I put a lot of effort into learning an L2 is to investigate students’ behavior rather than the view.
Nunan, 2002: 231
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2. A brief description
A survey study usually involves a relatively large sample and is descriptive in nature. It either describes the features of a few variables or the relation between two or more variables.
Researchers cannot control the overall response rate of missing items. Even if a questionnaire is returned ,s/he cannot be sure that questionnaire is filled out by the people s/he expected and under which circumstances the questionnaire is completed.
(3) You should avoid crowing questions together to make the questionnaire looks shorter.
(4) The paper for printing should be of high quality and the printing itself must be clear and easy to read.
Background (such as date of birth, age, gender, martial status)
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Novice researchers cannot clearly differentiate belief items from behavior items.
The structure of belief item is “I think/ believe that…” I think learning an L2 well requires painstaking effort is
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4. The design of questionnaire
4.1 Criteria for a good questionnaire:
(1) Having high internal validity
By saying a questionnaire should have high internal validity means that items in the questionnaire must measure the variables you really want to investigate. But some researchers might fail to meet the criteria because of lack of skills or experience. Actually, having low internal validity is a common flaw occurring in a questionnaire constructed by a novice researcher
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3. The main parts of a questionnaire
(1) Title (2) Instruction :
Instructions are of two types: - general instruction at the beginning of the questionnaire - specific instructions introducing each new task (3) Questionnaire items (4) Additional information (5) Final “thank you”
questionnaire together. The organizer gives the respondents instructions on how to respond to the questionnaire and clarifications if there are any ambiguous items. The organizer can also check whether the respondents has responded to all the items and thus the rate of data can be greatly reduced.
(4) Deciding on the content of individual item.
(5) Choosing questions structure.
(6) Determining the order of questions.
(7) Deciding the format of the questionnaire.