问卷法 Questionnaire ppt
Questionnaire-DesignPPT课件

答案的设计方法(1)
二项选择法
二项选择法也称真伪法或二分法,是指提出的问题仅有两种答案可以选择。“是” 或“否”,“有”或“无”等。 如,“您家里现在有吸尘器吗?”
易于理解和可迅速得到明确的答案,便于统计处理及分析;但难以反映被调查者意 见与程度的差别,了解的情况也不够深入。这种方法,适用于互相排斥的两项择一 式问题,及询问较为简单的事实性问题。
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问卷应该具备的功能
成功的问卷设计应该具备三个功能:
能将所要调查的问题明确地传达给被调查者; 能够取得对方合作,并取得真实、准确的答案; 问卷应该具有一些自我检测的功能。帮助确定被访者回答的认真程度。
在实际调查中,由于被调查者的个人特征差异(教育水准、理解能力、 道德标准、宗教信仰、生活习惯、职业和家庭背景等),调查者的专业 知识与技能高低,会给调查带来困难,并影响调查的结果。
士与国家广告管理机关、广告用户和经营者等各方的沟通和交流,进一步 加强和改善广告监督管理工作,促进广告业的健康发展。本次问卷调查并 非知识性测验,只要求您根据自己的实际态度选答,不必进行讨论。根据 统计法的有关规定,对您个人情况实行严格保密。”
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被访者基本情况及主题内容
被调查者基本情况:
如消费者的性别、年龄、民族、家庭情况、婚姻状况、文化程度,职 业、单位、收入、所在地区等等。
动机性问题、态度性问题
动机性问题是为了解被调查者行为的原因或动机问题。例如,“为什么购某物?为 什么做某事?”等。在提动机性问题时,应注意人们的行为是有意识动机,也可以 是半意识动机或无意识动机产生的。
态度性问题是关于对回答者的态度、评价、意见等问题。例如:“您是否喜欢XX 牌子的自行车?”
在实际调查中,以上各种类型的问题往往是结合使用的。
问卷调查法(PPT 64页)

第四,设计问卷时还应该考虑到资料处理、分析方 法和问卷的使用方法等因素
因不同的资料处理和分析方法,对问卷有不同的要求。 若采用手工整理和统计资料,那么问卷的内容就不能很复杂; 若采用电子计算机进行处理,则问卷的内容就可以多一些。
b、封闭式问题就是在提出问题的同时,还给 出若干个答案,要求被调查者单选或多选作为回 答。
例
4.您怎样评价利益冲突对大学学术同行评议的影响程度? A 很严重 B比较严重 C比较不严重 D很不严重
5.您对学术同行专家评议中存在利益冲突是持一种怎样的态度? A很气愤 B比较气愤 C比较不气愤 D无所谓
专题4 调查研究
(Ⅰ.问卷调查法)
调查研究是一种使用范围很广的研究,它包括对 现状的研究,以及确定和解释社会的或心理的变 量之间的关系的研究。
一般包括了问卷调查和访谈两种方式。
开展调查研究的流程
撰写调查报告
确定调查课题
选择调查对象
分析调查结果
调查法
制订调查计划
筛选整理资料
收集资料
例:
尊敬的老师: 您好!
我们是厦门大学教育研究院的博士研究生。这是一项旨 在了解有关大学学术同行评议中的利益冲突情况的调查。 本问卷采用匿名方式,调查结果只用于研究,感谢您百忙 之中填写这份问卷!填写该问卷大概需5--10分钟。
厦门大学教育研究院“大学学术评价与同行评议”课题 组
2011年6月
(2)指导语
若对资料主要进行定性分析,那么就应以开放式问题为主; 若对资料主要进行定量分析,则应以封闭式问题为主。
如何设计问卷 英文 Questionnaire Design ppt课件

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• Ask precise questions
• Questions may be ambiguous because a word or term may have a different meaning. For example, if we ask students to rate their interest in “medicine,” this term might mean “general medicine” (as opposed to general surgery) to some, but inclusive of all clinical specialties (as opposed to professions outside medicine) to others.
• Information which might explain the dependent variables—that is, independent variables.
• Other factors related to both dependent and independent factors which may distort the results and have to be adjusted for—that is, confounding variables
• To obtain accurate relevant information for our survey.
•
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• Deciding what to ask
• There are three potential types of information:
问卷调查设计(ppt版)

第七页,共二十一页。
Questionnaire Design - General Considerations
▪ Use simple and direct language ▪ Make it convenient. ▪ Always consider the layout of your questionnaire. ▪ Leave adequate space for respondents to make
▪ Use professional production methods for the questionnaire--either desktop publishing or typesetting and keylining
第六页,共二十一页。
Questionnaire Design - General Considerations
▪ the respondent may not be who you think it is
▪ questionnaires are simply not suited for some people
第四页,共二十一页。
Selecting Your Sample
▪ decide what kind of people to interview.
➢ Avoid a Biased Sample (English & nonEnglish majors)
▪ decide how many people you need to interview
▪ Quotas
问卷法课件

问卷法一、基本概述1、定义问卷调查法也称问卷法,是以书面提出问题的方式搜集资料的一种研究方法。
研究者将所要研究的问题编制成问题表格,以邮寄方式、当面作答或者追踪访问方式填答,从而了解被试对某一现象或问题的看法和意见,所以又称问题表格法。
问卷法的运用,关键在于编制问卷,选择被试和结果分析。
“问卷”译自法文questionnaire一词,其原意是“一种为统计或调查用的问题单”。
19世纪末20世纪初,开始用于心理与教育科学研究中。
2、类型按问卷的结构分问卷的结构:主要表现在要求被试回答的方式上。
1)无结构型问卷结构较松懈或较少,并非真的完全没有结构。
这种形式的问卷多半用在探索性研究中,一般被访问的人数较少,不用将资料量化,必须向有关人士问差不多相同的问题。
对于被访问的人来说,可以与其他被访问的人回答相同,也可以完全不相同,回答格式自由。
这种问卷回答属于开放式,没有固定的回答格式与要求。
这种类型的问卷,多用在研究者对某些问题尚不清楚的探索性研究中。
2)结构型问卷结构型问卷又称封闭式问卷,是对所有被测者应用一致的题目,对回答有一定结构限制的问卷类型。
问卷还可根据是否使用文字,划分为图画式与文字式。
图画式比较适合文字能力较差的儿童与文盲被试,在跨文化研究中应用较方便,可少受文化影响。
结构型问卷根据答案的不同形式还可划分为:(1)选择式将问题的几种可能答案统统列出,让答卷者选择一个或几个符合自己情况的答案。
(2)排列式答卷者对问题的多种答案,依其喜欢、满意程度排序。
(3)尺度式问题的答案是用1-5,或1-7或1-其他数字表示,填答者将反应显示在一个评价量尺上,让填卷人选择一个或几个能表述自己实际情况的数字。
答卷人在选择答案时,可选一个数字,整理时用概率统计方法处理;也可以是两个数字,并标出哪个数字更侧重些,用模糊统计方法处理结果。
尺度式问卷的尺度,常用3-11之间的奇数系列表示,一般量尺范围不超过16,有实验证明,大于16时,人类被试的判断,难以等距。
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(8) Conducting a pilot study to test the questionnaire.
(9)
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(1) Selecting the mode of administration. Two common models:
By person: A group of subjects usually answer the same
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A MA student wanted to investigate students’ degree of anxiety in speaking L2, the following three items were part of her questionnaire:
(1) I try to avoid answering questions in class. (2) I try sit in the corner of the classroom so that I will
Experience/behaviour (what a respondent does)
Opinion (what a respondent thinks)
Feeling (what a respondent feels)
Knowledge/abilities (what a respondent knows and what is he able to do)
(1) You should avoid clipping or stating papers together if a questionnaire contains more than 5 pages.
(2) One question should not be printed across two page.
Brown, 2001:6
Aቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
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The term “questionnaire” refers to an instrument for the collection of data, usually in written form, consisting of open/closed questions and other probes requiring a response from subjects.
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(2) Specifying what kind of data you intend to collect.
At this stage, you have to understand what kind of data you really want to collect. There are five type of information.
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(3) Determining the way you process the questionnaire data.
Individual- item-based (单个题目问卷)
If the basic unit in the data analysis is an individual item, such as describing frequency and the mean of one isolate item, then such a questionnaire is called individual- item-based.
A survey study may be cross-sectional, when data are collected from different people at the same point in time; it may be longitudinal , when data are collected from the same group of people at different points over a period of time.
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By mail: If the respondents are spread out in different cities or
even in different countries what you can do is to mail the questionnaire to the target people.
to find out the respondents’ opinion or view rather than behavior.
I put a lot of effort into learning an L2 is to investigate students’ behavior rather than the view.
Nunan, 2002: 231
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2. A brief description
A survey study usually involves a relatively large sample and is descriptive in nature. It either describes the features of a few variables or the relation between two or more variables.
Researchers cannot control the overall response rate of missing items. Even if a questionnaire is returned ,s/he cannot be sure that questionnaire is filled out by the people s/he expected and under which circumstances the questionnaire is completed.
(3) You should avoid crowing questions together to make the questionnaire looks shorter.
(4) The paper for printing should be of high quality and the printing itself must be clear and easy to read.
Background (such as date of birth, age, gender, martial status)
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Novice researchers cannot clearly differentiate belief items from behavior items.
The structure of belief item is “I think/ believe that…” I think learning an L2 well requires painstaking effort is
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4. The design of questionnaire
4.1 Criteria for a good questionnaire:
(1) Having high internal validity
By saying a questionnaire should have high internal validity means that items in the questionnaire must measure the variables you really want to investigate. But some researchers might fail to meet the criteria because of lack of skills or experience. Actually, having low internal validity is a common flaw occurring in a questionnaire constructed by a novice researcher
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3. The main parts of a questionnaire
(1) Title (2) Instruction :
Instructions are of two types: - general instruction at the beginning of the questionnaire - specific instructions introducing each new task (3) Questionnaire items (4) Additional information (5) Final “thank you”
questionnaire together. The organizer gives the respondents instructions on how to respond to the questionnaire and clarifications if there are any ambiguous items. The organizer can also check whether the respondents has responded to all the items and thus the rate of data can be greatly reduced.
(4) Deciding on the content of individual item.
(5) Choosing questions structure.
(6) Determining the order of questions.
(7) Deciding the format of the questionnaire.