软骨和骨组织学和胚胎学

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4) growth of cartilage ---interstitial growth:
inner chondrocyte proliferation→ produce fiber and matrix. immature cartilage ---appositional growth: osteoprogenitor cell→chondroblast → chondrocyte → produce fiber and matrix. growing and mature cartilage
软骨和骨组织学和胚胎学
1. Cartilage: organ=Cartilage tissue+perichondrium
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1) structure of cartilage tissue ---cell: chondrocyte ---cartilage matrix
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EM: fine processes rich in RER, Golgi complex
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---function: ⅰ.synthesize bone collagen fiber and
ground substance-osteoid ⅱ.release matrix vesicle:
water
---fiber: type and number of fiber depends on the type of cartilage
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2) Classification: according to the fiber
a. Hyaline cartilage:
less collagenous fibril
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② Cartilage matrix ---ground substance:
proteoglycan:
--same to loose CT
--there are more chondroitin sulfate distributed at the periphery of cartilage lacuna---called as cartilage capsule(basophilic)
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2.Bone
---consists of bone tissue, periosteum and endosteum, bone marrow
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1) Bone tissue ① Cells:
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a. osteoprogenitor cell: stem cell ---structure:
articular surface, rib cartilage, trachea and bronchi
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b. Fibrous cartilage: large amount of collagenous fiber bundles cells are small and less intervertebral disc, symphysis pubis
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b. osteoblast:
---structure: LM:
single layer of cuboidal or low columnar cell round nucleus basophilic cytoplasm located on the surface of bone tissue
0.1um in diameter membrane-coated function: promote calcification
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c.osteocyte
---structure: flattened cell with multiple long thin processes located in bone lacuna and bone canaliculus basophilic cytoplasm adjacent cells connect in bone canaliculus by gap junctions
fusiform, small ovoid nucleus slight basophilic cytoplasm exist in periosteum and endosteum ---function: differentiated into osteoblast and chondrocyte
--round and in group of 2-8 cells
--small and round nucleus
--basophilic cytoplasm
--EM: rich in RER and Golgi complex
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*isogenous group: several cells locates in one lacuna, which are derived from a single(same) parent cell
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① chondrocyte:
---Structure: LM
embedded in cartilage
lacuna
peripheral cells:
--small and immature
--single and flattened
central cell:
--large and mature,
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c. Elastic cartilage: large amount of elastic fiber external ear, epiglottis
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3) perichondrium two layers:
---out layer: contain more fiber-protection ---inner layer: more cells-osteoprogenitor cell(fusiform in shape)