史上最全 新加坡 中英双语介绍

史上最全新加坡中英双语介绍
History
In 1819, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, a British East India Company official, made a treaty with the Sultan of Johore and established Singapore as a trading post and settlement. Singapore was later made a crown colony in 1867 after a series of territorial expansions. It soon grew as an entrepot town d ue to its strategic location along the busy shipping routes connecting Europe to China.
During World War II, Japanese forces invaded Malaya and the surrounding region in the Battle of Malaya, culminating in the Battle of Singapore. The British were defeated despite having numerical superiority, surrendering on 15 February 1942 to the Japanese. The Japanese renamed Singapore as Syonan-to ("Light of the South") and held it until the Japanese defeat in September 1945. In 1959, Singapore became a self-governing crown colony with Lee Kuan Yew from the People"s Action Party (PAP) as the first Prime Minister of Singapore following the 1959 elections. After a national referendum in 1962, Singapore was admitted into the Federation of Malaysia along with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak as a state with autonomous powers in September 1963. After heated ideological conflict developed between the state government and the Federal government in Kuala Lumpur, Singapore was separated form the federation on 7 August 1965. It became an independent nation two days later on 9 August 1965.
历史
1819年，托马斯・史丹福・莱佛士(Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles)，一名英国东印度公司的官员，和柔佛苏丹签定一项条约，将新加坡作为一个贸易局和殖民点。

之后新加坡经历了一系列的领土扩张并在1867年成为皇室殖民地。

由于其连接欧洲和中国航运路线的战略地位，它很快发展成为一个贸易中心。

在第二次世界大战期间，日本在马来亚的战争中用武力侵犯了马来半岛和周围的地区，这一战争在新加坡战役达到顶点。

尽管数量上占优势，英国人仍被击败并在1942年2月15日向日本人投降。

日本人将新加坡改名为Syonan-
to(“南方的光”)，掌管它直到1945年9月日本人投降。

1959年，新加坡成为自治皇室殖民地，1959年人民行动党（PAP）推选李光耀为第一任首相。

1962年国家全民投票之后，新加坡在1963年9月被允许作为自治主权国同马来亚，沙巴和沙捞越一起进入马来西亚联邦。

由于在吉隆坡问题上国家政府和联邦政府之间意识形态冲突的热化，新加坡在1965年8月7日脱离联邦。

在两天之后的1965年8月9日它宣布独立。

Geography
Singapore is located in southeastern Asia, an island country between Malaysia and Indonesia. Singapore is a diamond-shaped island with surrounding smaller islands. There are two connections from Singapore to the Malaysian state of Johor - a man-made causeway(known as the Causeway) to the north, crossing the Tebrau Straits, and Tuas Second Link (called Linkedua Expressway in Malaysia), a bridge in the western part of Singapore that connects to Johor
Of Singapore"s dozens of smaller islands, Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the larger ones. The highest point of Singapore is Bukit Timah Hill, with a height of 164 m (538 feet).
地理
新加坡位于亚洲东南部，是马来西亚和印度尼西亚之间的一个岛国。

新加坡是若干小岛包围的菱形岛屿。

从新加坡到柔佛(Johor)的马来西亚有两条途径，一个是人造的堤道(称为Causeway)―横越Tebrau海峡，和大士(Tuas)第二个联系(在马来西亚叫做连接的高速公路Linkedua Expressway )，连接新加坡西部和柔佛(Johor)的一座桥梁。

在新加坡的数十个小岛中，谷朗岛(Jurong)，德光岛（Tekong)，乌敏岛(Ubin)和圣淘沙岛(Sentosa)是较大的岛屿。

新加坡的最高点是武吉知马山(Bukit Timah Hill)，高度为164米。

( 538英尺)。

Political System
Singapore is a republic with a Westminster system of a unicameral parliamentary government, with the executive powers resting in the hands of cabinet of ministers led by a prime minister. The office of the president was, historically, a ceremonial one as head of state, but the Constitution was amended in 1991 to create the position of a popularly elected president and also to grant the president veto powers in a few key decisions such as the use of the national reserves and the appointment of key judiciary positions. The legislative branch of government is the Parliament.
政治体系
新加坡是一院制，威斯敏斯特体系共和国，行政权由首相领导的部长内阁掌管。

总统，历史上是国家形式上的领导，但是在1991年修正宪法，由民众选举总统，并且授予总统在使用国家储备和任命重要司法人员等一些关键决定中拥有否决权。

政府的立法机构是议会。

Education System
Compulsory Education (CE) was implemented in Singapore from 1 January 2003. According to the CE Act, a child of "compulsory school age" is one who is above the age of 6 years and who has not yet attained the age of 15 years. The education system consists of 6-years of primary education, 4 - 5 years of secondary education, followed by 2 - 3 years of pre-university education, and then the tertiary education.
A growing number of children are attending pre-nursery or playschool education before the age of 4, though this is optional. Many children in Singapore also attend Nursery for 1 year at the age of 4, though this is also optional. By the age of 5, most children will be attending Kindergarten for 2 years (K1 and K2).
Formal education in Singapore begins at primary schools, starting from Primary 1 through Primary 6. Children who pass the Primary Six Leaving Examination (PSLE) at the end of Primary 6 will progress to secondary schools, starting from Secondary 1 through Secondary 4 (Special/Express Stream), or Secondary 1 through Secondary 5 (Normal Stream). Students who pass the GCE "O" Level examination at the end of Secondary 4 or 5 will then have to compete for admission to either a Junior College (2 years), a Polytechnic (3 or 4 years) or a Pre-University Centre (3 years). Finally, students who pass the GCE "A" Level examination at the end of Junior College Year 2 or Pre-University Year 3, and students with excellent results at the end of Polytechnic Year 3/4 will then have to compete for admission to a local university.
The state is the principal provider of education at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. In the case of non-formal education, the private sector plays the complementary role of running continuing/supplementary education classes in commercial/business studies, computers, languages, fine arts, tuition, etc. Private schools conducting educational courses are required to be registered with the Ministry of Education.
教育体系
新加坡从2003年1月1日起实行义务制教育( CE )。

根据CE行动，儿童的“义务制教育年龄”是6岁以上，15岁以下。

教育系统包括6年的小学，4 -- 5年的中学教育，其后是2 -- 3年的大学预备教育，再是高等教育。

尽管可以选择，但是愈来愈多的孩子仍在4岁之前参加了托儿所预备班或者幼儿游戏所。

许多新加坡的孩子也在4岁参加了1年的托儿所，尽管这也是可以选择的。

到5岁时，大多数孩子将参加2年的幼儿园( K1和K2 )。

新加坡的正规教育从小学开始，从小学一年级到小学六年级。

在六年级结束时通过小学离校考试（Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) ) 的孩子将进入初中，从初一到初四(特殊/快速方式)或者从初一到初五(正常方式)。

学生们
在四到五年的中等教育结束时通过剑桥普通水准（GCE "O")考试，然后将竞
争进入高等专科学校(2年)，理工学院(3或者4年)或大学预科中心(3年)。

在高等专科学校第二年或大学预科第三年的学生将通过剑桥高级水准（GCE "A"）考试，以及在理工学院成绩优秀的四分之三的学生中将竞争进入本地大学。

政府是初级，中等和高等教育的主要提供者。

在非正式教育情况下，私营部门开办辅助教育课程如商业学习，语言，艺术美术，教学。

私人学校要在教育部注册后才能开设课程。

Population
The estimated population of Singapore was reported to be 4.4 million as of July 2005. The Chinese account for 76.8% of Singaporeans. Malays, who are the indigenous native group of the country, constitute 13.9%, though this number includes many Malay ethnic groups from other parts of the Malay archipelago including the Javanese, Bugis, Baweans and Minangs. Indians are the third largest ethnic group at 7.9%, consisting of several groups - Tamils, who form the largest Indian group, and others such as Malayalees, Punjabis and Bengalis. The rest are made up of smaller groups such as Arabs, Jews, Thais, Japanese, and the Eurasian community.
人口
新加坡的人口据2005年7月报道是440万。

华人占新加坡人口的76.8%。

马来人，该国的本地人，构成13.9%。

尽管这数字包括许多其它马来群岛的马来族人，包括爪哇人（Javanese), Bugis人、Baweans人和Minangs人。

印度人占7.9%，是第三大少数民族，包括若干民族--形成最大的印度人群泰米尔人，其他诸如马来人、Punjabis 和孟加拉人。

其余的由阿拉伯人，犹太人，泰国人日本人，和欧亚群体的较小族群组成。

Capital Singapore
首都新加坡
Languages
The national language of Singapore is Malay for historical reasons, and it is used in the national anthem. The official languages are English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil. English has been promoted as the country’s language of administration since independence, and it is spoken by the majority of the population. Most public signs, advertising and print media tend to be in English and Chinese only.
语言
由于历史原因新加坡的国语是马来语，它用于国歌。

官方语言是英语，华话，马来语和泰米尔语。

英语自独立以来已提升为国家管理的语言，而且大多数人在使用。

大多数公众标语，广告和媒介印刷趋向于仅仅使用英语和中文。