Unit2Language语言应用 语言知识梳理

Unit 2 Language 语言应用--语言
语言积累
交际用语
1. Can you think of other ways? 你能想到其他的方法吗？
2. Do you think English is important? 你认为英语重要吗？
3. In what way is English still changing? 英语在哪一方面仍然在变化？
4. Can you give some examples? 你能给出一些例子吗？
5. What do you think the official languages of the United Nation are? 你认为联合国的官方语言是什么？
6. Where do they live? 他们住在哪里？
7. When did this take place? 这是什么时候发生的？
8. How long have they been in this country? 他们在这个国家多长时间了？
9. Would you like to write about some Chinese characters? 你想写写有关中国汉字的事吗？
补充：
表达语言交际困难( language difficulties in communication )
I beg your pardon? 请再说一遍好吗？
Pardon? 请再说一遍好吗？
Can you speak more slowly, please? 请说慢一点好吗？
How do you say ...in English? 用英语怎么说..... ?
Could you say that again, please? 请再说一遍好吗？
How do you spell it please? 请问它怎么拼？
How do you pronounce this word? 你怎么读这个单词？
Sorry, I can ' t follow对不起，我不明白你说的话。

What do you mea n by...? ..... 是什么意思？
I don ' t understan我不明白。

Can you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗？
What does that mean? 那是什么意思？
I can 'ge t t my point across. / I can ' g t et through to him. 无法让他明白。

What do you call this in English? 英文管这叫什么?
Can you say that in a different way? 你能换一种说法来说吗？
话题语句1
Knowledge about language 有关语言
1. Language, in its sense, is a way information is transmitted ( 传输). It can be spoken or seen.
2. How many languages are there in the world?
6912 (39,431 distinct 有区别的names of languages, dialects, and alternate names)
3. Emoticons 情感符：a special Internet language, eg. :-( stands for sadness
4. Sign language 手势语
5. Facial expressions 面部表情Eye contact 视觉接触
6. Braille 布莱叶盲文, invented by a Frenchman, is a language for blind people.
7. Gestures：a movement of the hands, arms or head, etc. to express an idea or feeling
1) Two people clap their hands together in the air. 击掌---To encourage or congratulate each other
2) A person pats another on the back. 拍另一人背---To say that something is well done
3) A person kisses another person on both cheeks. 吻双颊--- To greet or welcome people
4) A person folds his arms across his chest. 双臂交叉于胸前--
To show irritation 恼怒, disagreement or nervousness
8. Animal language
Like human beings, animals need to communicate with each other to survive. They do not
speak to each other in the same way as we do; instead they use many different sounds and actions to express themselves. For example, bees make a buzzing noise, lions and bears growls, cats miaow, and dogs bark. If you see a cat standing with its back arched ( 拱起), head lowered or legs bent, it could be scared. If a dog growls at you, it probably is angry and you should be careful. Animal language is simpler than human language, but it shows how intelligent animals are. Language study 语言学习
1. share one 'e s xperience of learning English 分享学习英语的经验
2. Vocabulary is an important part of language, just like bricks in a building ．词汇(表)是语言的重要部分，就像建筑物的
砖。

3. memorize twenty new words a day 一天背20 个生词
4. listen to English programs on TV and on the radio 听电视和收音机上的英语节目
5. use what we ' ve learned in ord h e a r v to e a better grasp of it 使用所学以便好好掌握
6. read interesting English books and magazines 读有趣的英语书籍和杂志
7. have more interactive activities in class, such as discussions, interviews, story-telling and role-play 有很多的课上互动活
动，如讨论、采访、讲故事和角色扮演
8. take part in more out-of-class activities like English speech contests and English evenings 参加更多的课外活动，像英
语讲演和英语晚会
9. communicate in English with people, whether they are English teachers or classmates, foreigners or Chinese 用英语与
人交流，无论他们是英语老师还是同学，外国人还是中国人
10. join English clubs or make English pen-friends on the Internet 加入英语俱乐部，或在网上交笔友
11. In order to speak English fluently, he tries his best to learn and practise. 为了能流利地说英语，他尽全力来学习和练
习。

12. make learning English relaxing and fun 使学英语轻松有趣
13. We can have more fun learning English. 我们可以使学英语更有趣味。

话题语句2
American English and British English
Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick answer to this question.
At first the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776 America became an independent （独立的）country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. For example, 300 years ago the English talked about fall” Toda“y, most British
people talk about but “ autumn Americans still talk about “fall In”t.he same way Americans still use the expression “ I guess”
（mea ning "I thi nk ” a） j像 the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British En glish
and America n En glish started borrowi ng words from other Ian guages,ending up with （以 .. 结
束） different words. For example , the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans
took “tornado ” from Spanish.
In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the spelling of many words. That 's why the words colour, centre and traveller are spelt color, center, and traveler in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.
The differences are greater in the spoken language. For example, American say dance [d?ns], and in southern England they say [da:ns]. In America they pronounce not [nat]; in southern England they say [ n?t]. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understand ing each other.
Will a language die out?
As more and more people speak the global （全球的）languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out （消失） by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization （UNESCO）.
In an effort （努力） to prevent language loss, scholars （学者） from a number of organizations —UNESCO and National Geographic among them —have for many years been documenting （记录）dying languages and the cultures they reflect （反射）.
拓展阅读
Language Learning
"Learning a language is easy. Even a child can do it!"
Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.
Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very
intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning.
Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.
Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: "Read as much as you can in the new language." "Practice speaking the language every day." "Live with people who speak the language." "Don't translate - try to think in the new language." "Learn as a child would learn; play with the language."
But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.
First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language, Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes.
Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, Successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information what is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of very word.
Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above. 写作运用如何写报告( report )？报告的构成：
1. 介绍( Introduction )：有关什么的报告
2. 方法( Method )：你如何找到这些信息的
3. 结果(Results):你的报告中你查明的东西或证明的东西
4. 结尾( Conclusion )：报告的小结，有时要有建议。

例文
This report is about body language used in both China and the United States. It looks at how the same gesture is used in two different countries and how the gesture expresses different meanings in the two countries. It also states the similarities and differences of body language in these two countries. ( Introduction)
The information was collected from my classmates through a survey. In order to conduct the survey, I created some situation sand answers for some common gestures for my classmates
to respond to (回应).After collecting their answers, I recorded their answers and analyzed the statistics (数据).(——Method)
From the outcome of my survey, we can see that for most of the gestures, people in both
countries share the same meaning, as with the gestures of the head nodding up and down , the
head shaking from side to side and thumbs up. There are also some differe nces in the meaning of some gestures. For example, there are differe nces in the meaning of the gesture of waving, whe n the palm faces out and the hand moves left and right. In the USA it means “ Hello ” , but in China
means “ No. ” negative answer. Nowadays, some young Chinese also use this gesture to greet others. So with the in crease in cultural, educati onal and econo mic exchange betwee n the two
countries, the differences in body Ianguage between the two nations will become smaller and
smaller. (----Results)
These results suggest that people from differe nt cultures more or less can un dersta nd each
other by using these gestures. It seems that in the future we can make full use of body Ian guage to
help us convey our ideas or feeli ngs whe n we talk with foreig n frien ds. (----Conclusion)
写作范文
Sample 1
天气预报广播稿
假定你是你们社区广播站的播音员，中午广播时需播送天气预报( weather forecast)节
目。

未来24小时的天气情况是：午夜前全省有雨，午夜后逐渐转阴天；明天南部地区晴天，
北部晴有雷阵雨(shower)；最高温度摄氏30度，最低温度摄氏23度。

根据上述天气情况用英语拟写一份口头广播稿。

词数100—120之间。

参考范文
Ladies and gen tleme n，
You're listening to “ Everyday Music ” . Here is the weather forecast for the nexitti24 hours
midday tomorrow. Rain will continue in all the areas of our provi nee. It will last un til late toni ght
and the n it will die away gradually . And it'll probably be cloudy all early morning. Tomorrow
will be sunny in the south and in the north there will be showers with bright periods.
Temperatures will be betwee n twen ty-three and thirty degrees cen tigrade.
That's all. Tha nk you.
Sample 2
假如你是高三学生李华，最近你校在高三学生中进行了调查。

主题：要不要集中进行晚
自习。

根据下表提供的信息，请用英语给校长写一封信反映相关内容。

内容包括讨论结果、持相应想法的理由及你个人的看法。

注意：1•内容要点要全面，并表达出你的观点。

2•为了使文章连贯，可适当增加内容。

3•词数：120个左右。

参考词汇：晚自习eve ning self-study
参考范文
Dear headmaster,
I am a senior student. Recently our school carried out a survey among senior students in our school. The stude nts were questi oned whether they were willi ng to have the evening self-study at school or not. Here is the result accord ing to
the survey.
60 percent of the students think i t ' s a good idea to have it at school. They think they can do better in their study with the help of the teachers. Also, they can concen trate on their less ons better in the classroom in compa ny with their fellow stude nts.
There are 25 perce nt of the stude nts who think they prefer to study at home. They suppose that they may get disturbed by others and there are possible dan gers on their way home alone.
At the same time, still 15 percent of the students don ' t have a clear answer to the question. They say they will go to school to have evening self-study if they are asked to, but they promise they can also do well at home.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua。