初中英语长难句—语篇从句讲义(初中学生版)

初中英语阅读理解之长难句分析讲义

语篇学语法从句

larrived inLondonon afoggyday,togotoaveryimporta ntmeeti ng.Thepla ce ① where the meeti ng was going to be

heldwasontheothersideofthetown.Alltrafficcametoastop ② because the drivers were not able to see more tha n a yard in front of them.Themeeti ngwouldbegi nat9:00,soldecidedtogothere on foot.

Mi nu teslater,Iwascompletelylost.Istoodtherea ndthought ③ that I would have to phone to the meet ing to eGpla in ④ that I was not able to arrive there on time.Thenlheardayoungman ' svoicecomingoutofthefog, “【suppose ⑤you are lost.Canlhelpyou? ”Iwasverygladtohaveaman⑥who could take

me to the meeti ng.Afterwardltoldhim ⑦ where I wan ted to go,tookhisarm,a ndwestarted.Wewalkedquitefast,turnin gcornersa ndcross in groads.

⑧As I followed him through the dark streets,lwondered ⑨ why he found his way so easily. “I knowthispartofLondonquitewell, ” hesaid.

“ But in suchafogit ' simpossibletoseea nything, ”Isaid.

“I amblind,sir. ” heanswered, “Inthefog,itiseGactlythesameformeasus ual. ”

在英语语法中，按照句子结构，英语句子主要可以分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。

1. 简单句：最基本的句子类型，一个句子中只含有一个主谓结构。

Eg： Myunclegivesmeacamera.

2. 并列句：由两个或两个以上独立的主谓结构或简单句并列在一起的，通常用并

列连词来连接两个或两个以上的句子，

Eg： Jim we nt tothepartylast ni ght,buthiswife did n ' t..

Study hardandyouwill make progress.

3. 复合句：由一个主句与一个或一个以上的从句(从句有相应的连词引导)组成的句子。因此，复合句含有两个或两个以上的主谓结构(完整的句子) ，句子与句子之间

用连接词连接。其中，主句部分可以独立存在，但从句担当了主句某一句子成分，故通常不能独立存在。根据从句在句子中充当的成分，可以将其分为6类，即

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。

※从句的本质：_____________________________________

名词性从句

1. 主语从句：，而不是用单词或短语来充当主语。

eg: (1)What you n eedismorepractice.

(2) Whe n the meeti ng will be held has no tbee nannoun ced.

(3) That he will not atte nd the meet in gisclear.

(4) Whether it will do us harm or goodis unknown.

注：有时，为了避免将太长的主语放在句首而使句子显得头重脚轻，通常用代词it做形式主语，而将真正的主语从句放到句子的后面。例如：

(1) It isclearthat he will not attend the meeting.

(2) It isunknownwhether it will do us harm or good.

主语从句引导词：①连词that (在从句中不担任成分，本身没有词义)，

②连词whether (意思是“是否”)

③连接代词 what，whatever ，who，whoever ，which 等引导，

④连接副词 when , where , how , why 等引导。

2. 表语从句：。跟在系动词后面的句子成分就是表语。

eg:(1)Thatiswhat I want to say. (what 在从句中充当，不能省略)

(2) Myop inioni sthat we should make a decisi on right now.

(that只引导，本身无词义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分，可以省略)

(3) Theproblemiswho should be resp on sible for this car accide nt.

(who在从句中当，不能省略)

(4) What I want to know ( 从句)iswho is in charge of the work

( 从句).

(用于引导从句的what和引导从句的who都不能省略)

(5) ltlooksas if it ' s going to rain. ( looks 是系动词)

3. 宾语从句：，在动词或介词的后面通常都跟有宾语。

引导宾语从句的连接词与主语从句和表语从句一样，是 that,whether(if),who ，whoever ，which ，when，where,how,why ，what，whatever 等。例如本文中出现