解析机械工程的可靠性优化设计中英翻译

解析机械工程的可靠性优化设计中英翻译
Parsing the reliability of the mechanical engineering optimization design of the translation 在当今社会中，人们不仅需要功能齐全的产品来应对工作、生活中遇到的问题，还需要产品具有较强的可靠性，能够实现其所具有的功能。

因此，在产品设计方面，以确保并提高产品可靠性为目的的优化设计得到了迅速的发展和应用。

对于机械工程来说，也不例外。

In today's society, people need not only fully functional products to deal with the problems in the work, life, also need the product has strong reliability, can realize the functions of the. Therefore, in terms of product design, in order to ensure and improve product reliability optimization design for the purpose of rapid development and application are obtained. For mechanical engineering, is no exception.
1 关于可靠性设计的一些问题
1 some of the problems about reliability design
要想弄清楚什么是可靠性优化设计，我们就必须要先了解什么是产品的可靠性。

一般来说，产品的可靠性就是指在规定的条件与时间之内完成规定的任务或者实现固定的功能。

这里的产品既包含作为单位研究的研究对象，又指各个参与实验的系统、元件或者设备等，在特殊情况之下，我们还可以将人的作用也包含进去。

If you want to know what is the reliability optimization design, we must first understand what is the reliability of the product. In general, the reliability of the product is completed within the prescribed requirements and time stipulated in the task or achieve a fixed function. Product contains both here as the research object of research units, and refers to all involved in the experiment system, component or equipment, etc., under special circumstances, we can also contain the function of the people in it.
在进行可靠性优化设计的过程中，我们必须要以已知的技术和理论为基础，根据日后的实际需要和可能会发生的情况优先考虑产品的可靠性要求，通俗一点的讲，就是要在满足产品费用、性能以及时间等条件之下，确保产品能够满足可靠性的要求。

对于产品的可靠性优化设计来说，其是一个多技术、多学科融合的新型技术，既包含价值工程、系统工程的知识，又具有工程心理学、计算机技术以及质量控制技术的相关内容。

虽然其名称是产品可靠性优化设计，但是其并非只是存在于产品的设计阶段，在产品的制造阶段、使用阶段以及管理和
维护等阶段都会涉及到产品的可靠性优化设计。

也正是因为这样的情况，其在机械工程中有着十分广泛的应用。

In the process of reliability optimization design, we must be based on the known technology and theory, according to the actual need and is likely to happen in the future priority of product reliability requirement, popular point, is to meet the product cost, performance, and under conditions such as time, ensure that the product can meet the requirements of reliability. For the reliability optimization design of product, it is more than a technology, a multidisciplinary integration of new technology, includes both the knowledge of value engineering, systems engineering, but also has engineering psychology, computer technology and quality control technology related content. Although the name is products reliability optimization design, but it is not only exists in the product design stage, in the product manufacturing phase and use phase, and phase will involve products such as management and maintenance of reliability optimization design. Also is precisely because such a situation, it has a very extensive application in mechanical engineering.
在多种历史原因的综合影响之下，我国机械制造业的整体水平要地域西方发达国家，而机械工程的可靠性优化设计也更为落后。

虽然上世纪80年代末期由于国家和企业的重视，可靠性优化设计得到了一定发展，个别企业还组建了专职于可靠性优化设计的研究机构，培养了一批具有较高专业素质和扎实专业知识的人才并制定了一系列关于可靠性优化设计的工作标准，但是随着时间的推移以及社会和科学技术的发展，这些机构和标准都渐渐的变得陈旧了。

因此，对于我国的可靠性优化设计来说，其具有一定的基础和实力，但是仍旧与发达国家存在着较大的差距。

Under the combined influence of a variety of historical reasons, the overall level of China's machinery manufacturing to region of western developed countries, and the reliability of the mechanical engineering optimization design is more backward. While in the late 1980 s because of the country and enterprise value, reliability and optimal design obtained certain development, individual companies also set up the full-time in reliability optimization design research institutions, foster a batch of high professional quality and solid professional knowledge and develop a series of work on reliability optimization design standards, but with the passage of time and society and the development of science and technology, these institutions and standards are gradually becoming obsolete. For reliability optimization design in our country, therefore, it has a
certain foundation and strength, but still there is a larger gap with developed countries.
2 机械工程中的可靠性优化设计
2 reliability optimization design of mechanical engineering
（一）存在于设计环节之中的可靠性优化设计
(a) exists in design process of reliability optimization design
机械工程的设计工作与一般的产品设计的工作有着本质上的区别，其可以被分成两个方面：一方面是整体装配设计；一方面是组装零件设计。

在进行机械工程整体装备可靠性优化设计时，我们可以将其看成是一个整体，而其设计工作则可以被分成两大方面：首先，工作人员必须要对整个系统有一个全面细致的了解，要全面分析并掌握各个零部件可靠性的程度，并要以此为基础推断整体的可靠性程度。

这一工作就是我们常说的整体设计可靠性预测工作，在进行这项工作时，必须要确保所获得预测结果满足设计的指标。

其次，要将整体对可靠性的要求划分到各个零配件之上，只要确保每一个零件都能够满足可靠性的要求，既能够确保机械工程的整体能够满足可靠性要求。

目前，常用的可靠性分配法有以下几种：再分配法、比例分配法、等分配法以及综合评分分配法。

Mechanical engineering design work with the general product design work the distinction that having essence, it can be divided into two aspects: on the one hand, the whole assembly design; On the one hand is assembly parts design. Overall equipment reliability for mechanical engineering optimization design, we can use it as a whole, and its design work can be divided into two aspects: first, the staff must have a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the whole system, will comprehensively analyze and every parts and components in the master degree of reliability, and on this basis concluded that the overall degree of reliability. This job is we often say that the overall design of the reliability prediction work, while doing this job must ensure that the predicted results satisfy the design index. Next, want to will be divided into the overall demand for reliability above all spare parts, just make sure every part can meet the requirements of reliability, both to ensure overall reliability can meet the requirements of mechanical engineering. At present, the commonly used method of reliability allocation has the following kinds: redistribution method and proportion distribution method and distribution method and comprehensive score distribution method.
在进行单个零件的可靠性优化设计时，必须要确保所挑选的零件符合国家的相关规定并且已经在实际生产中有了大量的应用，零件的重要性不同其所选择的设计方法也不相同，对
于处于重要部位的零件来说，其必须要进行可靠性试验且要通过可靠性试验。

除此之外，还必要反复的修改和验证产品的可靠性，直至所获得可靠性的检测结果符合可靠性优化设计的要求为止。

On reliability optimization design of individual parts, must want to ensure that the selected parts in conformity with the relevant provisions of the state and has already had a lot of application in practical production, the importance of the different parts of the selected design method is not the same, for in an important part of the parts, it must to test the reliability and to pass the reliability test. In addition, also need to repeatedly modify and verify the reliability of the product, until received the reliability of the test results accord with the requirement of reliability optimization design.
在完成整体设计和零件设计之后，需要进行人机系统的设计工作，在这方面所考察的重点是操作的适应性设计与舒适性设计。

After complete the overall design and parts design, the man-machine system design work is required, in this investigation focuses on the operation of adaptive design and comfortable design.
（二）存在于机械工程制造过程中的可靠性优化设计
(2) exists in reliability optimization design in the process of mechanical engineering
要想确保机械工程的质量符合相关的标准，那么我们就必须要加强对制造过程的掌控，因此，在机械工程的可靠性优化设计中，制造过程的可靠性设计就变得十分重要了，除了要确保所使用的加工设备具有极强的可靠性之外，还必须要妥善的选择加工的工艺以及工艺的流程。

从某一角度上来说，我们可以将制造机械工程所使用的工艺看成为一个系统，这样在这一工艺所涉及到的工序以及工艺方案都能够被看成是一个个的子系统。

在这样的情况之下，我们在进行各个子系统的可靠性优化设计时，就必须要对各个方面的因素进行充分的考虑和研究，诸如：加工材料、所使用的加工设备以及参与工作的人员的素质等，这样才能够更加准确的确定出各个子系统的可靠性指标。

在确定了各个子系统的可靠性指标之后，我们就可以通过合理的工作方法确定出整个系统的可靠性指标。

To ensure mechanical engineering quality conforms to related standards, then we will have to strengthen the control of the manufacturing process, therefore, in the reliability of the mechanical engineering optimization design, the reliability design of the manufacturing process becomes very important, in addition to ensure that the use of the reliability of the processing equipment with strong outside, still must be properly choose the processing craft and craft process. From a point of
view, we can be used in manufacturing mechanical engineering technology as a system, so in the process involved in the process and process scheme can be seen as a subsystem. Under such circumstance, we in the reliability of each subsystem optimization design, it is necessary to fully consideration of all aspects of factors and research, such as: machining material, the use of equipment and staff involved in the work quality, etc., so as to determine a more accurate reliability index of each subsystem. After confirmed the reliability of each subsystem, we can work through a reasonable method to determine the reliability index of the whole system.
（三）存在于使用和维修过程中的可靠性优化设计
(3) exists in reliability optimization design in the process of using and maintenance
维修工作时影响产品寿命周期的重要工作，良好的维修工作能够有效的延长产品的寿命周期，反之则会降低产品的寿命周期。

因此，在面对存在于维修过程中的可靠性优化设计时，我们应该使用逻辑分析决断法，以实际情况为基础确定维修的内容和维修方式并按照机械工程和以确定的维修内容、方式来确定产品的合理使用寿命。

Maintenance work when the important work of product life cycle, good maintenance work can effectively prolong the product life cycle, the opposite will reduce the life cycle of the products. , therefore, in the face of the repair process in the reliability optimum design, we should use logical analysis determination method, based on the actual situation to determine the content of the maintenance and repair methods and according to the mechanical engineering and to determine the maintenance content, method to determine the reasonable service life of the product.
如果将机械工程的可靠性与其可维修性进行对比，我们就会发现这两者之间存在着巨大的相似性，正是因为这一特点，我们将机械工程的可维修纳入了评定其可靠性的评定指标当中。

机械工程维修性能必须要在对其进行设计的过程中就给予充分的考虑，这样才能够更好的发现产品的故障并确保故障零件能够更加便捷、快速的更换。

此外，在进行机械工程维修可靠性优化设计工作时，我们还必须要对维修费用的问题进行充分的考虑，再设计的过程中，设计者必须要遵循“费用最低、性能最高”的原则，确保能够用最低的费用换取最高的可靠性水平，要尽可能的缩短故障发生到发现故障的时间。

由此可见，以可靠性优化设计理论为基础的机械工程的维修性是极其重要的，合理且经济的维修规则能够有效的提高机械工程设计的科学化和现代化程度。

If you compare the reliability of mechanical engineering and its maintainability, we find that there are great similarities between the two, it is because of this characteristic, we will can maintenance
into the evaluation of the reliability of the mechanical engineering evaluation. Mechanical engineering maintenance performance must be in the process of design to give full consideration, so that can better find product failure and ensure the failure parts can more convenient and quick replacement. In addition, the mechanical engineering maintenance reliability optimization design work, we also must adequately consider the problem of how to maintenance costs, and the process of design, the designer must follow the principle of "lowest cost, highest performance", make sure you are able to use the lowest cost for the highest level of reliability, as much as possible to shorten the time of the failure to find fault. Thus, on the basis of reliability optimization design theory of mechanical engineering of maintainability is extremely important, reasonable and economic maintenance rules can effectively improve the scientific and modernized degree of mechanical engineering design.
结束语：
Conclusion:
总而言之，对于常规的机械工程优化设计来说，其在设计的过程中并没有充分考虑可靠性的各个质变，因此不能够很好地反映机械工程在运行过程中的真实情况，而对于可靠性优化设计来说，其并没有考虑重量、体积等指标。

因此，在面对机械工程的设计问题时，如果仅采用常规的优化设计或可靠性优化设计是不能够达到理想的设计效果的。

因此，在进行机械工程的设计工作时，我们必须要将可靠性优化设计同常规设计结合起来，这样才能够更好地弥补彼此的不足之处。

To sum up, for a conventional mechanical engineering optimization design, the design process is not fully considering the reliability of the qualitative change, so will not be able to well reflect the mechanical engineering in the process of running, but for reliability optimum design, it does not consider the weight, volume, etc. Therefore, when faced with a mechanical engineering design problems, if only using the conventional optimization design and reliability optimization design is not able to achieve the desired design effect. Therefore, in the mechanical engineering design work, we must combine reliability optimization design with the conventional design, so as to better make up for the shortcomings of each other.。