英语词汇学 第八章精ppt课件

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8.2.2 Indication of Referents.限定所指
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8.2.3 Provision of Clues for Inferring Word-meaning 提供推断词义的线索
❖ In many cases, when a new word
(thought to be) appears for the first time,
我们经常发现作者在新词出现之后马上给出 正式的定义。
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❖ 2) Explanation. 诠释
❖ If the concept is complicated and must involve technical terms in its definition, the author might explain the idea in simple words. That is, he might make a restatement in known words.
❖ Context clues vary a great deal but can
be summed up as follows: 语境线索虽然
差异很大， 但能被归纳如下：
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❖ 1) Definition.定义
❖ Often we find that the author gives formal definition immediately after the new term。
❖ In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called extra-linguistic or non-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background. 从广义上讲，语境还包括 物理环境，这称为非语言语境，包括人物、时间、 地点，甚至包括整个文化背景。
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百度文库
8.1.1 Extra-linguistic Context非语言语境
❖ When we talk about context, we usually think of linguistic context , hardly aware of the non- linguistic context situation, which can often exercise greater influence on the meaning of words than we realize. 当我们谈到语境时，我们通常 想到语言语境，很少意识到非语言语境，非 语言语境对词义施加的影响比我们想象的要 大。
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8.1.2 linguistic context
❖ Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and grammatical context. 语言语 境还可再分为词汇语境和语法语境。
❖ Lexical context This context refers to the words that occur together with the word in question. The meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighbouring words. 这种语境是指与讨论中的词一起出现的单词。 这个词的意义经常受邻近词的影响，并被其定义。
the author generally manages to give
hints which might help the readers to
grasp the concept or understand the idea. 在很多情形中，当一个新词（所谓的）第一 次出现时，作者一般会想方设法提供一些可 能帮助读者抓住概念或理解观点的暗示。
英语词汇学
Chapter 8
Meaning and context
词义和语境
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8.1 Types of Context 语境的类型
❖ In a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context which may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the entire book. 从狭义上讲，语境是指一个词所 在的词群、从句和句群环境，这称为语言语境, 可 以包括一个段落，一个章节，甚至整个一本书。
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8.2 The Role of Context: 语境的作用
❖ 1.Elimination of Ambiguity. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and homonymy. 消除歧义。由于词的多义词和 同音同形异义性，歧义现象经常出现。
❖ Grammatical structure can also lead to ambiguity. 语法结构也会引起歧义。
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❖ Grammatical context In some cases, the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is what we call grammatical context. 在有些情况下，一个词的意义可能 受其所在结构的影响，这便是我们所称的语 法语境。
如果概念很复杂，而且在其定义中必须涉及 术语，作者应用简单词汇来解释这个概念。 也就是说，他应用常见的单词来重新陈述 。
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❖ 3) Example.举例