高分子絮凝剂的制备及其对重金属离子吸附性能的研究

摘要

目的：高分子絮凝剂处理污水中悬浮的重金属离子。

工业废水排放量逐渐增大，排入环境中的重金属越来越多,水体污染越来越严重，如铬、铜、镍、汞、镉、铊等,极大地危害着生态环境和人体健康,因此多年来对重金属废水的治理一直是人们研究的热点。无机高分子絮凝剂的研究、开发和应用在最近十几年来受到了国内外水处理界的广泛重视，本论文主要研究可处理重金属的无机高分子材料聚合硫酸铝铁絮凝剂，对合成材料进行表征，讨论了水处理的性和材料制备的影响因素。

主要以硫酸铝、硫酸铁原料，通过考察硫酸用量、硫酸浓度、反应时间、反应不温度等工艺条件的研究改善，制备各项因素显著功效的聚合硫酸铝铁。并对合成出的絮凝剂进行了红外、SEM、XRD等表征，判断反应过程物质结构的变化。将合成的絮凝剂应用于含有金属离子的废水中，观察絮凝剂的用量、PH值等因素。在本实验研究最优条件下，无机高分子材料聚合硫酸铝铁在重金属水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词：高分子，絮凝剂，硫酸铝，硫酸铁，重金属，水处理

Abstract

Objective: macromolecular flocculant was used to treat suspended heavy metal ion s in sewage.

The discharge of industrial wastewater is gradually increasing, and more and more heav y metals are discharged into the environment, and the water pollution is becoming more and more serious, such as chromium, copper, nickel, mercury, cadmium, thallium, etc., which greatly endangers the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, the tr eatment of heavy metal wastewater has been a research hotspot for many years. The res earch, development and application of inorganic macromolecular flocculants have recei ved extensive attention in the field of water treatment at home and abroad in recent deca des.

The main raw materials are aluminum sulfate and iron sulfate, through the investigation of sulfuric acid dosage, sulfuric acid concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature a nd other technological conditions of improvement, preparation of various factors signifi cant effect of poly (aluminum sulfate) iron. The flocculant was characterized by ir, SEM , XRD, etc. The flocculant was applied to the wastewater containing metal ions. Under t he optimal conditions of this experiment, the inorganic polymer material polyaluminum ferric sulfate has a broad application prospect in the water treatment of heavy metals.

Key words：Polmyer, Flocculant, HeavyMetal, aluminum sulfate，ferric sulfate

，WaterTreatment

目录

摘要................................................... I Abstract ................................................ II 1 绪论. (1)

1.1无机高分子水处理絮凝剂 (1)

1.1.1无机高分子絮凝剂的研究历程 (1)

1.1.2 无机高分子絮凝剂得分类 (2)

1.1.3 无机高分子絮凝剂的合成的方法 (4)

1.1.4 无机高分子絮凝剂的应用 (5)

1.1.5本论文的选题意义、主要内容 (7)

2 实验部分 (8)

2.1实验仪器和主要试剂 (8)

2.1.1聚合硫酸铝铁制备实验装置 (8)

2.1.2 实验仪器 (8)

2.1.3 主要试剂 (9)

2.2 制备方法 (9)

2.4 聚合物的表征方法和测定 (10)

2.4.1 红外表征(FT-IR) (10)

2.4.2 扫描电镜分析 (10)

2.4.3 X一射线衍射分析 (11)

2.5 制备聚合硫酸铝铁工艺条件的影响 (11)

2.5.1 制备过程对硫酸用量的影响 (11)

2.5.2 硫酸浓度制备过程的影响 (12)

2.5.3 反应时间对于制备过程的影响 (13)

2.5.4 反应温度对于制备过程的影响 (13)

3 结论 (14)