专门用途英语简介.ppt

1. The Topic Sentence
e.g.
... An average cell contains hundred of different kinds of protein, and all of the cells of the human body contain, among them, as many as 100,000 different kinds of proteins. These proteins can perform millions of different functions, a versality which is largely responsible for the phenomenon called “llife”.
4. Genre is ESP
4. Genre is ESP
Part II. Paragraphs Patterns
—— An illustration of genre
1. The Topic Sentence
Readers want to 1. know right away what the topic is; 2. have some idea of how this topic will be developed.
2. Patterns of Organization
the choronological description;
Part I. Orientation of ESP
1. What is ESP
ESP is a variation of English that is learnd/taught generally for a clearly utilitarian purpose.
It is unfair for English learners majoring in sciences to acquire English through classic literature works which is the traditional way of learning language. ESP, as part of LSP, is more suitable for them in that it offers them opportunities to learn what they need and spare what they need not.
1. The Topic Sentence
As a writer, you should
1. allow readers to guess what’s coming and thus understand it more easily;
2. allow them to avoid reading the paragraph altogether if the subject matter holds no interest for them.
1. The Development of ESP
what
how
human-orBiblioteka Baiduented
why
4. Genre is ESP
A genre comprises a class of communicative events, the member of which share same set of communicative purposes. These purposes are recognized by the expert members of the parent discourse community, and thereby constitute the rational for the genre. —— Swales
—— Hutchison & Waters
2. The Taxonomy of ESP
3. The Development of ESP
Register Analysis
Discourse Analysis
Skills and Strategies
Target Situation Analysis
2. Patterns of Organization
some of the most commonly used patterns in EST
1. choronological description; 2. cause-and-effect analysis; 3. comparison and contrast; 4. listing; 5. general-to-particular ordering of details.
2. Patterns of Organization
the choronological description; feature 1: time adverbs and phrases;
in 1995, last week, at 10:15, first, second, soon after the project began, ...
1. The Topic Sentence
e.g.
The human body is made up of millions and billions of cells, each of which contains, among other substances, millions and billions of protein molecules. ...
—— Steven. P
ESP should be properly be seen not as any particular language product but as an approach to language teaching which is directed by specific and apparent reasons for learning.