IT战略规划

DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
Introduction
▪ What is e-business? The use of telecommunications networks, particularly the Internet, to conduct business transactions.
▪ Three categories of e-business (see Figure 3.2): ▪ Business-to-employee: Intranet-based applications internal to a firm ▪ Business-to-consumer: Internet-based applications for a firm’s customers ▪ Business-to-business: Extranet-based applications for a firm’s business partners
▪ E-business applications run over the Internet, drastically reducing
access and communications costs.
▪ With standardized communication protocols and user interfaces,
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
Integration with Back-End Systems
▪ Challenge
▪ Variety of platforms ▪ Incompatible
▪ Approach
▪ Database Management Systems (DBMS) ▪ ERP Systems ▪ Extranet
directly linking customers to the manufacturer.
▪ the development of “virtual organizations,” where
a firm does not own parts of the value chain, but rather controls the coordination of other firms to appear as a single firm.
Supply chain includes processes such as: logistics, procurement, production, and distribution
▪Strategic options
▪ Build-to-order mode of operation ▪ Elimination of intermediaries ▪ Redesign the procurement process
Looking Inward: Business-to-Employee
▪ Intranets
▪ Intranets are private company networks that use
Internet technologies and protocols, and possibly the Internet itself.
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
E-Business Drivers
▪ KeyBiblioteka BaiduComponents that have accelerated the acceptance of e-business:
▪ Wide access to a public network ▪ Standard communication protocol ▪ Standard user interface
Looking forward
IT-Based products and Services
Looking inward
Internal systems to improve Processes and Structure
Links to other organisations
Looking across
▪ Transmission, in standard syntax, of data for business transactions between computers of independent organization
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
Supply Chain Integration
These evolution stages are characterized as:
Looking inward Looking outward Looking across
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
Strategic Uses of Information Systems
Managing Intranets
▪ Managerial concerns
▪ How to integrate legacy systems into the intranet ▪ Deciding how much control of the systems should be
decentralized
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
Looking Across: Business-to-Business
IT has been used to reduce costs and time of interorganizational transactions, for example:
C. Divided into three categories:
1. Sniffing: interception and reading of electronic messages as they travel over the communication networks
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
Introduction
“Strategic use” of IT is defined as “having a significant, long-term impact on a firm’s growth rate, industry, and revenue.”
▪ Proposed solutions
▪ Create a corporate portal to act as the gateway to the
firm’s internal resources, information, and Internet services.
▪ Develop separate departmental or divisional portals,
▪ Benefits of using intranets ▪ Wider access to company information ▪ More efficient and less expensive systems
development
▪ Decreased training
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
to respond to customer requests
▪ Convenience: allows gathering and managing
customer information
▪ Access to a wide range of competitive prices and
sellers for products
applications of the UCAID)
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
Technical Considerations
B. Security - ranks as one of the top management and consumer
concerns
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
Technical Considerations
A. Evolution of the Internet: Quality of Service B. Next Generation Internet (NGI)
▪ Research and develop advanced network technologies ▪ Deploy high-speed test bed networks ▪ Develop and demonstrate revolutionary applications that demand
such as sales, HR, operations, and finance portals.
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
Looking Outward: Business-to-Consumer
▪ The E-Business Model
▪ Redefining Customer Value ▪ “Demanding on-demand”: reduces the time it takes
high-speed networks not currently available on today’s internet
▪ University Consortium for Advanced Internet (UCAID)
▪ Internet 2 (advanced academic network) ▪ Abilene (support the demands of the advanced research
Historically, the strategic use of IT has followed an evolution from improving internal processes and structures of a firm, to improving the products, services, and relationships with its customers, and then with its partners.
Interorganizational Systems (IOS)
▪ Reservation systems, electronic funds transfer systems, Electronic Data Interchange Systems (EDI)
▪ Electronic Data Interchange Systems (EDI)
Information Technology Management
Lecture 3
Strategy, Planning and ebusiness
Information Systems Management In Practice 5E (McNurlin & Sprague) Chapter 3 & 4
implementation and training costs are far lower.
▪ As a result, a much broader set of users and firms has access to the
systems, allowing rapid growth.
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
DR Gavin Finnie INFT13-322/73-322
Looking Outward: Business-to-Consumer
▪ Redesigning Relationships with Business Partners ▪ E-business allows: ▪ “disintermediation”: bypassing intermediaries by