全英文介绍中国科技ScienceandTechnology

voyages to the “western ocean”
The four Major Inventions Papermaking
• The usages of paper • What people used before paper was invented
Shang dynasty-bones, tortoise shells and bronze wares
The most famous medical experts in ancient China
• Bian Que • Hua Tuo : Mafeisan and “The Five-Animal Exercise”（五
禽戏） • Zhang Zhongjing：On Disease (伤寒杂病论) • Li Shizhen ： Compendium of Meteria Medica（本草纲
The four Major Inventions Gunpowder
• Time: Tang Dynasty • Inventor: Sun Simiao Job: pharmacologist(药剂师) • Usages of gunpowder in military application:
Movable type printing
• Time: Song Dynasty • Inventor: Bi Sheng • Job: printing carver • Process of movable type printing: 1.involved engraving
single words into pieces of clay. 2.firing them until hardened and using them as permanent type. 3.The type was then set into printing plates. • Advantages of movable type printing:1.
Chapter 6
Science and Technology
A Glimpse of Chinese Culture
A brief introduction of Chinese Science and Technology
Ancient Science and Technology Chinese Science and
• Referred to as a "South-pointer", the spoon or ladle (长 柄杓子) shaped compass is made of magnetic lodestone (天然磁石), and the plate is bronze. The circular center represents Heaven, and the square plate represents Earth.
exercises: Taiji or qigong
pills (丸)，powder(散)，extracts (膏)，pellets(丹)
刮痧，推拿，针灸，拔罐
Four diagnostic methods:
• Listen (望) • Smelling （闻） • Inquiring and observing（问） • Feeling the pulse（切）
The four Major Inventions compass
Compass
The compass vehicle
Compass
• Early in the Warring States period, while mining ores and melting copper and iron, Chinese people chanced upon a natural magnetite that attracted iron and pointed fixedly north.
2.then characters were engraved in relief (凸起) on the blocks.3.Ink was brushed on the engraved block.4. a white sheet of paper was spread across it.5.then brushed with a clean brush on its back leaving an image when the paper was removed.
• Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
• Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
Modern Science and Technological Achievements
• Atomic energy • Nuclear and hydrogen bombs • Oil production • Synthetic crystalline bovine insulin • First man-made satellite • Scientific research on the Pacific Ocean • Breakthrough in Goldbach's Conjecture • Reach on PNA semi-molecule • Five-stroke code computer input method
2. 3. • Different materials: wood, tin, copper and lead blocks
Chapter 6 Science and Technology
1. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
2. Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
Later
-silk, bamboo and wood
• Disadvantages of the bamboo slips and silk • Discussion: What if we don’t have paper?
Cai Lun Paper
• Time: Eastern Han Dynasty • Inventor: Cai Lun Job: court official • Materials: bark, hemp (麻头), rags, fishnet, wheat stalks
• The compass vehicle
Usages of the compass voyages
• Vasco da Gama • Christopher Columbus • Ferdinand Magellan • Zhenghe
voyage to India discover America voyage round the world voyages to the “western ocean”
Traditional festival-Tomb sweeping day
• Traditional customs in Tomb sweeping day: Fire paper set off firecrackers
• A story about why people fire paper for the dead people
Discussion : what’s the difference between TCM and Western medicine?
Means of diagnosis (n.诊断) ,treatment and its composition of drugs and prescriptions (n.处方药，治疗 方法).
The four Major Inventions Printing
block printing • Printing
movable type printing • Time of block printing invented: between the Sui and
Tang dynasties • Process of block printing: 1.cut the wood into blocks.
Traditional medicine is based on the premise（前提）that the cause of sickness is an imbalance and blockage（阻塞、堵塞） of the flow of qi.
• Acupunciets • Corrective breathing
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• The world’s oldest surviving book printed on paper is Vajra Sutra (《金刚经》).
• It is the earliest woodcut illustration in a printed book.
Disadvantages of block printing: 1. 2. 3.
Tang Dynasty: Explosive bombs, and catapults（石弩）
Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties: Flying Fire-Arrows（发机飞火）, Bronze Cannons（火 铳）, and Two-Stage Rockets（火龙出水） • Studied by other countries: Yuan Dynasty • Effect:
and other materials • Ways to make paper: 1.the materials were soaked.2.cut
into pieces,.3.boiled with plant ash.4.washed.5.grounded with a pestle in a mortar (杵和臼). 6.the mixture was then poured evenly on a flat surface to dry, or baked to become paper. • Advantages of Cai Lun Paper: • Effect:
• Great Wall scientific inspection station at the South Pole • Nuclear power stations in China • Research, development and application of
super-conductivity • Positive and negative electron collider • 2.16 metre optical celestial telescope • Yuan Longping and hybrid rice • Shenzhou V and Shenzhou VI
目）
• Fireworks • Abacus • Silk • Porcelain • Seismograph • Anaesthetic • Weiqi
Modern Major Scientific and Technological Achievements
Introduction
• Since 1949, science and technology in China has continued to develop rapidly, particularly in the last 20 years.
technology Modern Scientific and Technological Achievements
Ancient Science and Technology
• The Four Major Inventions Compass Papermaking Gunpowder Printing