有关陕北窑洞资料

陕北窑洞介绍

窑洞，是中国北方黄土高原上特有的民居形式，中华民族的祖先就是在窑洞中生存、繁衍和壮大起来的。窑洞分土窑洞、石窑洞、砖窑洞、土基子窑洞、柳椽柳巴子窑洞和接口子窑洞多种。

窑洞是黄土高原的产物，陕北农民的象征。在这里，沉积了古老的黄土地深层文化人民创造了陕北的窑洞艺术(民间艺术)。过去，一位农民辛勤劳作一生，最基本的愿望就是修建几孔窑洞。有了窑娶了妻才算成了家立了业。男人在黄土地上刨挖，女人则在土窑洞里操持家务、生儿育女。小小窑洞浓缩了黄土地的别样风情。

深达一二百米、极难渗水、直立性很强的黄土，为窑洞提供了很好的发展前提。同时，气候干燥少雨、冬季寒冷、木材较少等自然状况，也为冬暖夏凉、十分经济、不需木材的窑洞，创造了发展和延续的契机。由于自然环境、地貌特征和地方风土的影响，窑洞形成各式各样的形式。但从建筑的布局结构形式上划分可归纳为靠崖式、下沉式和独立式三种形式。

陕北延安窑洞，其中夹杂着窑洞式平顶房。窑洞是自然图景和生活图景的有针对传统在陕西省北部地区窑洞,基于窑洞及其开发环境,本文分析了窑洞建筑特点和使用价值及其发展陕西北部,然后指出,窑洞发展被减少到一个尴尬局面。利用SWOT分析方法,优势,劣势,机会和威胁的山洞被总结。在优势方面,窑洞的生态优势为本地建筑,建于根据当地条件,解决土地、能源和环境问题在黄土高原,和丰富的美学价值本机功能。的弱点,村庄布局缺乏完整性,交通不方便,室内通风和照明不足,simpl模式和空间机结合，渗透着人们对黄土地的热爱和眷恋之情。

窑洞防火，防噪音，冬暖夏凉，既节省土地，又经济省工，确是因地制宜的完美建筑形式。

人们利用黄土的特性，挖洞造室修成的窑洞叫土窑洞，一般深7—8米，高3米多，宽3米左右，最深的可达20米。窗户有两种，一种是1平方米左右的小方窗；另一种是约3—4平方米的圆窗。其特点是冬暖夏凉。用石头作建筑材料，深7—9米，宽、高皆为3米左右的石拱洞，叫石窑洞。砖窑的式样、建筑方法和石窑洞一样，外表美观。一院窑洞一般修3孔或5孔，中窑为正窑，有的分前后窑，有的1进3开。窑洞一般修在山腰或山脚下的向阳之处，窑洞上面的脑畔多栽树木和花草Caves, is a unique local-style dwelling houses form on loess plateau in northern China, is the ancestor of the Chinese people live in caves, breeding and growing up. Cave TuYaoDong, brick stone cave, cave, cave, soil base willow rafter LiuBaZi cave and cut cave variety. Cave is the product of the loess plateau, a symbol of northern shaanxi farmers. Here, deposit the ancient people created the deep culture background of shanbei cave art (folk art). In the past, a farmer worked hard life, the most basic wish is to build a few hole caves. The kiln took a wife is a home made. Man dug in the background, women in TuYaoDong housework and children. A

small cave enrichment of another amorous feelings. YiErBai meters, water seepage, orthostatic strong loess extremely hard, for the cave development provides a good premise. At the same time, the climate is dry little rain, winter cold and less natural conditions such as lumber, also is warm in winter and cool in summer,

In view of traditional house in northern area of Shaanxi Province which was cave dwelling,based on cave dwelling and its development environment,the paper had analyzed architectural characteristics and use value of cave dwelling and its development in northern Shaanxi,and then pointed out that cave dwelling development had been reduced into an awkward situation.By using SWOT analysis method,the

strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of cave dwellings had been summarized.In terms of strengths,cave dwelling had ecological advantage as native architecture,was constructed based on local conditions,could solve land,energy and environment problems on Loess Plateau,and abounded in aesthetic value of native feature.In terms of weaknesses,village layout lacked of integrity,transportation was not convenient,indoor ventilation and lighting were insufficient,and pattern and space were simplified and stereotyped.In terms of opportunities,it stressed architectural ecology having received more and more attention in the world,and exploration and application of underground civil architecture.In terms of threats,it lied in construction technology of cave dwelling,contradiction between cave dwelling and urbanization and between cave dwelling and modern life,and management mode of restricted type.On this basis,it suggested that cave dwelling development in northern Shaanxi should transform people's traditio-nal concept through correct guidance of public voice;strive to eliminate weakness of cave dwelling;improve cave environment by enhancing infrastructure construction;develop characteristic cave dwelling cultural tourism in northern Shaanxi,and construct new socialist countryside of northern Shaanxi character.

针对传统在陕西省北部地区窑洞,基于窑洞及其开发环境,本文分析了窑洞建筑特点和使用价值及其发展陕西北部,然后指出,窑洞发展被减少到一个尴尬局面。利用SWOT分析方法,优势,劣势,机会和威胁的山洞被总结。在优势方面,窑洞的生态优势为本地建筑,建于根据当地条件,解决土地、能源和环境问题在黄土高原,和丰富的美学价值本机功能。的弱点,村庄布局缺乏完整性,交通不方便,室内通风和照明不足,simpl模式和空间