纽马克语义翻译与交际翻译教程文件
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e.g. Nida: Translating is communicating.
Linguistics bases
“Translation theory derives from comparative linguistics, and with linguistics, it is mainly an aspect of semantics; all questions of semantic relate to translation theory”
Comparison of CT & ST
Transmitter/addressee focus Relation to ST Use of form of SL Form of TL Appropriateness
Transmitter/addressee focus
ST: Focus on the thought processes of the transmitter as an individual; should only help TT reader with connotations if they are a crucial part of message;
纽马克语义翻译与交际翻译
Background
Pre-linguistics period of translation Opposition to the monistic theory Linguistics bases
Pre-linguistics period of translation
Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original.
The basic difference is that ST respects context, but literal translation does not.
Flat “V” diagram
Source Language Bias
Target Language Bias
Literal
Free
Vygotsky：Inner speech is not the interior aspect of external speech, —it is a function in itself. It is to a large extent thinking in puring meanings. “Thinking precedes speech and writing.”
Faithful
Idiomatic
Semantic/Communicative
Conclusion: ST combines the advantages of word-for-word, literal, faithful translation; while CT combines the advantages of adaption, free and idiomatic translation. It can be counted as the most desired translation method.
Semantic Translation VS. Literal Translation
Literal translation: the primary senses of the lexical words of the original are translated as though out of context, but the syntactic structures of the target language are respected.
Conflict between free and literal translation; No attempt to distinguish types or quality of texts; Strong on theory, but short on method and
practical examples; Unaware of each other’s work.
CT: Subjective, TT reader focused, oriented towards an specific language and culture.
The monistic theory of translation
“The two concepts (CT&ST) were formulated in opposition to the monistic theory that translation is basically a means of communication or a manner of addressing one or more persons in the speakers presence; that translation is like language, is purely a social phenomenon.” (Newmark, 2001:62)
Communicative and Semantic translation
Definition Comparison of CT & ST Similarities between CT & ST
Байду номын сангаас
Definition of CT and ST
Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original.
Linguistics bases
“Translation theory derives from comparative linguistics, and with linguistics, it is mainly an aspect of semantics; all questions of semantic relate to translation theory”
Comparison of CT & ST
Transmitter/addressee focus Relation to ST Use of form of SL Form of TL Appropriateness
Transmitter/addressee focus
ST: Focus on the thought processes of the transmitter as an individual; should only help TT reader with connotations if they are a crucial part of message;
纽马克语义翻译与交际翻译
Background
Pre-linguistics period of translation Opposition to the monistic theory Linguistics bases
Pre-linguistics period of translation
Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original.
The basic difference is that ST respects context, but literal translation does not.
Flat “V” diagram
Source Language Bias
Target Language Bias
Literal
Free
Vygotsky：Inner speech is not the interior aspect of external speech, —it is a function in itself. It is to a large extent thinking in puring meanings. “Thinking precedes speech and writing.”
Faithful
Idiomatic
Semantic/Communicative
Conclusion: ST combines the advantages of word-for-word, literal, faithful translation; while CT combines the advantages of adaption, free and idiomatic translation. It can be counted as the most desired translation method.
Semantic Translation VS. Literal Translation
Literal translation: the primary senses of the lexical words of the original are translated as though out of context, but the syntactic structures of the target language are respected.
Conflict between free and literal translation; No attempt to distinguish types or quality of texts; Strong on theory, but short on method and
practical examples; Unaware of each other’s work.
CT: Subjective, TT reader focused, oriented towards an specific language and culture.
The monistic theory of translation
“The two concepts (CT&ST) were formulated in opposition to the monistic theory that translation is basically a means of communication or a manner of addressing one or more persons in the speakers presence; that translation is like language, is purely a social phenomenon.” (Newmark, 2001:62)
Communicative and Semantic translation
Definition Comparison of CT & ST Similarities between CT & ST
Байду номын сангаас
Definition of CT and ST
Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original.