中医基础理论之病因篇

Dry mouth, nose and throat,or even Being dry Being apt to impair fluids claps, scanty urine and dry stools and Being apt to injury lung- Dry cough, scanty or sticky phlegm, puckery
The six excesses are a collective term used for six kinds of exogenous pathogens of wind, cold, summerheat, dampness, dryness and fire. Under normal conditions, they are called “six climatic factors”
伤及人体下部，症状多 淋浊、带下、泄泻、痢疾、下肢 水肿、下肢溃疡。 见于下部
Dampness pathogen
All exogenous pathogenic factors characteristic of heavy turbidity, stickiness and downwardness are called dampness pathogen. natures Pathogenic characteristics
Cold-attack：aversion to cold, Tending to attack yang absent sweating A yin qi and being manifested Cold-stroke：cold pain in the pathogen as cold syndrome stomach and abdomen, vomiting and diarrhea。 Coagulation Local cold pains in the body, Leading to stagnant of and alleviated with warmth, qi and blood stagnation aggravated by cold Aversion to cold, absent sweating Blockage of pores and fever contraction Contraction of tendons Spasm of the limbs and vessels
Methods of CM probing into pathogenic factors
Asking directly Referring the cause by syndrome differentiation
中医病因
1.六淫 3.疠气 5.劳逸 7.瘀血 9.外伤 11.药邪
2.七情 4.饮食 6.痰饮 8.结石 10.寄生虫 12.先天因素
四、燥
自然界中具有干燥、收敛清肃特性的外邪，称为燥邪。
温燥
时间
气候 证候
凉燥
深秋
燥而偏寒（凉燥证）
初秋
燥而偏热（温燥证）
有夏热之余气，燥与热结合 有近冬之寒气，燥与寒结合
性质
致病特点
易伤津液，出现各种干 燥症状 易伤肺阴
主要病症
口干唇燥，鼻咽干燥皲裂，小便 短少，大便干结。 干咳少痰，或痰粘难咯，痰中带 血。
natures
Pathogenic characteristics
Clinical nanifestations
Light and Being apt to attack yang portion Headache, stuffy nasal, itching throat. of body and discharging the Aversion to wind, fever and sweating. openingpore dispersing Being mobile Characterized by migratory location, sudden onset and and constantly changing changeable
Migratory arthralgia(migratory pain in the jounts of the four limbs) Rubella, characteristic of constantly changing Vergo, convulsion, spasm, opisthotonus, Being mobile Characterized by sway upward squint Tends to cause disease in mixture with Being The precursor of various other pathogenic factors such as cold, primary diseases heat,dampness and dryness, etc
致病先导
Wind pathogen
All exogenous pathogenic factors characteristic of lightness, rising, and opening-dispersing and migrating are called wind pathogen.
Clinical manifestations Heavy sensation in the head and body, General heaviness aching and painful limbs Heavy and Turbid urination, diarrhea with purulent Turbid excretion and turbid and bloody dysentery, dirty complexion, secretion excessive eye secretions Symptoms characteristic of Sticky stools with difficulty in emptying Sticky and stickiness and stagnancy with bowels, difficulty in urination, greasy a lingering pathological fur with a long duration and recurrent stagnant course episodes. in chest, epigastric and A yin Obstructing qi movement and Oppression abdominal distension, poor appetite, damaging yang qi pathogen diarrhea, scanty urine, diarrhea, edema Turbid stranguria, leukorrhagia, diarrhea, Usually attacking the lower dysentery, edema in the lower limbs and descending part of the body cankerous legs
Cool-dryness
Later autumn
Dryness is complicated by heat Dryness is complicated by cold of summer of winter Warmth-dryness syndrome Pathogenic characteristics Cool-dryness syndrome Clinical manifestations
pathogen
二、寒
自然界中具有寒冷、凝结特性的外邪，称为寒邪。
性质
致病特点
主要病症
伤寒：恶寒、无汗 寒为阴邪 寒证，伤阳气 中寒：脘腹冷痛、呕吐腹 泻伴有形寒肢冷。 气血运行迟滞甚至 局部冷痛，遇热缓解，遇 凝 滞 凝结不通产生疼痛 冷加重 腠理汗孔收缩 恶寒、无汗、发热
收引
筋脉牵引拘急
四肢拘急，屈伸不利
13.医过等
西医病因
1.生物病原：如细菌、病毒、真菌等。 2.物理因素：如噪音、高温、气压、放射线等。 3.化学因素：如化学药品、污染、毒物等。 4.营养因素：如偏食、营养不良等。 5.精神因素：如情绪、心理等。 6.遗传因素：如遗传病等。
第一节 六淫 Six Excesses
Concept of Six Excesses
Common pathogenic characteristics of six excesses 1. exogenousness 2. seasonality 3. regionality 4. combination 5. transformability
一、风
自然界中具有风之轻扬开泄、善动不居特性的外邪，称为风邪。
干涩
Dryness pathogen
All exogenous pathogenic factors characteristic of dryness and asringency are called dryness pathogen.
Warmth-dryness
season climate syndrome natures Early autumn
第六章 病因
Cause of Disease
学习要点
中医对病因的认识方法及分类
六淫的概念及致病特点 七情的概念及七情内伤 痰饮、瘀血、结石的概念、形成及致病特点
KEY WORDS
• • • • • • • • • • Cause of disease病因 Etiology 病因学说 Six excesses六淫 Pestilential qi疠气 Seven emotions七情 Interal-injury pathogenic factors七情内伤 Phlegm-fluid retention痰饮 Stagnant blood瘀血 Abdominal mass 徵积 Calculus结石 • • • • Medicine pathogens药邪 Iatrogenic factors医过 Fetal weakness胎弱 Fetal toxin胎毒
Introduction
Concept:
The cause of disease, refers to the factors that damage the relative epuilibrium and result in
disease and are also called pathogenic factors.
性质
轻扬开泄 （浮越） 善行数变
致病特点
病位在上 病位在表 病位游走不定 症状变化多端
主要病症
头痛、鼻塞、咽痒。 恶风、发热、汗出。 行痹之四肢关节疼痛，游 走不定。 风疹块之皮疹时隐时现， 此起彼伏。 眩晕、抽搐、拘挛、角弓 反张，两目上吊。 风寒、风热、风湿、风寒 湿等兼夹证。
主动
为百病之长
动摇不定
三、湿
自然界中具有水湿之重浊、粘滞、趋下特性的外邪，称为湿邪。
性质 重浊
致病特点
周身困重
主要病症
粘Hale Waihona Puke Baidu 为阴邪 趋下
头身困重，四肢发沉，关节重着 疼痛 小便混浊、大便溏泄、下痢粘液 分泌物排泄物秽浊不清 脓血、面垢眵多。 大便粘滞不爽，小便涩而不畅， 症状的粘滞性 苔腻。
病程的缠绵性 阻遏气机损伤阳气 湿痹、湿温、湿疹的病程长、反 复发作。 阻遏脾胃气机见脘腹胀满，食欲 不振；脾阳不振见腹泻、水肿。
Cold pathogen
All exogenous pathogenic factors characteristic of cold, coagulation and contraction are called cold pathogen.
Natures Pathogenic characteristics Clinical manifestation