英语国家文化概况上学习资料
英语国家艺术与文化入门Unit1
英语国家艺术与文化入门Unit1
本文档提供关于英语国家艺术与文化的入门知识，以下是一些
重要的内容要点：
1. 英语国家艺术与文化的背景
1.1 英语国家的范围
英语国家包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家，这些国家有着悠久的历史和丰富多样的文化。
1.2 英语国家的艺术与文化特色
英语国家的艺术与文化具有多样性和包容性，反映了不同社会
群体的价值观和生活方式。
2. 英语国家的文学
2.1 英语文学的发展历程
英语文学有着悠久的历史，从中世纪的古老传说到现代的文学
作品，体现了不同时代的社会背景和思想观念。
2.2 英语文学的代表作品
莎士比亚的剧作、狄更斯的小说、奥斯卡·王尔德的戏剧等都
是英语文学的经典代表作品。
3. 英语国家的艺术
3.1 绘画艺术
英语国家有着许多著名的画家，例如弗朗西斯·培根、安迪·沃
霍尔等，他们的作品在世界范围内具有广泛的影响力。
3.2 音乐艺术
英语国家有丰富多样的音乐风格，从古典音乐到流行音乐，从
摇滚乐到爵士乐，每种音乐风格都有其独特的特点和影响力。
4. 英语国家的电影
英语国家的电影业发达，好莱坞是全球最著名的电影产业中心
之一。
众多英语国家的电影作品在全球范围内受到广泛赞誉和欢迎。
5. 英语国家的传统节日
英语国家有许多具有独特文化意义和俗的传统节日，如圣诞节、复活节、感恩节等，这些节日体现了英语国家人民的宗教和社会价
值观。
以上是英语国家艺术与文化入门的一些重要内容，只是初步了解，希望能引起您对英语国家艺术与文化的兴趣，并进一步深入学习和探索。
高考英语英语国家知识点精讲
高考英语英语国家知识点精讲英语国家知识点精讲一、英语国家概述英语国家是指以英语作为官方语言或使用人数众多的国家或地区。
在世界范围内，有许多国家是英语国家，如英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等。
这些国家普遍使用英语进行国内交流、教育和商务活动。
二、英语国家文化1. 英语国家的文化多样性英语国家拥有丰富多样的文化，这些文化深受历史、地理和民族等因素的影响。
例如，在英国，人们崇尚绅士风度和下午茶文化；而在美国，人们崇尚自由、个人主义和多元文化。
每个国家都有自己独特的文化特点，这使得英语国家的文化变得丰富多彩。
2. 英语国家的节日和传统英语国家有许多独特的节日和传统。
在英国，人们庆祝万圣节和圣诞节，喝茶是他们的传统习惯。
而在美国，人们狂欢过感恩节和独立日，烧烤和烟花是他们的传统活动。
每个节日和传统都蕴含着深厚的历史和文化内涵，反映了英语国家人民的生活方式和价值观。
三、英语国家的教育体系1. 英语国家的教育制度英语国家拥有世界一流的教育体系。
他们注重教育的质量和公平性，提供全面的学科课程和丰富的学习资源。
对于学生来说，获得良好的教育是他们未来发展的基石。
2. 英语国家的教育特点英语国家的教育特点主要体现在以下几个方面：注重培养学生的创造力和批判性思维能力；鼓励学生积极参与课外活动和社会实践；注重学生的个性发展和综合素质教育。
四、英语国家的旅游胜地1. 英国的旅游景点英国是一个富有历史文化底蕴的国家，有许多著名的旅游景点，如伦敦塔桥、大本钟、巨石阵等。
此外，英国还有许多美丽的乡村和自然风光，如湖区、苏格兰高地等。
2. 美国的旅游景点美国是一个幅员辽阔、自然景观壮丽的国家，吸引着全球的游客。
纽约的自由女神像、大峡谷国家公园、华盛顿特区的国会山等都是美国著名的旅游胜地。
3. 加拿大的旅游景点加拿大是一个美丽而宜居的国家，拥有令人惊叹的自然景观。
洛基山脉、尼亚加拉大瀑布、温哥华岛等都是加拿大著名的旅游景点。
五、英语国家的经济发展1. 英国的经济发展英国是全球经济发达的国家之一，拥有强大的金融和服务业。
英语国家社会与文化入门第四版单元总结
英语国家社会与文化入门第四版单元总结《<英语国家社会与文化入门（第四版）>各单元具体内容总结》。
一、第一单元：英语国家概况。
（一）主要内容。
这个单元主要是让咱们对英语国家有个整体的认识。
比如说，英语国家分布在世界各地，像美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰这些，它们在地理位置、人口构成等方面都各有特点。
（二）举例说明。
就拿美国来说吧，它位于北美洲，是个移民国家，世界各地的人都跑去那里生活。
人口构成那叫一个复杂多样，不同肤色、不同文化背景的人都有。
这就使得美国的文化特别丰富，各种美食、节日啥的，都融合了好多不同地方的特色。
二、第二单元：英语国家的历史。
（一）主要内容。
这部分讲的就是这些英语国家一路走来的历史故事啦。
每个国家都有自己独特的发展历程，从早期的殖民地建立，到后来的独立、发展，经历了好多事儿。
（二）举例说明。
比如说英国，曾经可是海上霸主呢。
它通过殖民扩张，在世界各地建立了大量的殖民地，像印度就是它的殖民地之一。
靠着这些殖民地，英国积累了大量的财富，变得特别强大。
但是后来，殖民地纷纷独立，英国的影响力就慢慢没那么大啦。
三、第三单元：英语国家的政治制度。
（一）主要内容。
这里讲的是英语国家的政治是怎么运作的。
有的是君主立宪制，有的是联邦制，还有的是议会制等等，不同的制度有不同的特点。
（二）举例说明。
英国就是君主立宪制，国王或者女王虽然是名义上的元首，但其实没什么实际权力，真正掌权的是议会和首相。
首相是由议会下议院多数党领袖担任的，政府的决策和管理都由首相和内阁来负责。
这种制度既能保留王室的象征意义，又能保证民主政治的运行。
四、第四单元：英语国家的教育体系。
（一）主要内容。
这单元主要是讲讲英语国家的教育是怎么安排的。
从小学到大学，每个阶段都有不同的特点和要求。
（二）举例说明。
拿美国的教育来说吧，它特别注重培养学生的实践能力和创新思维。
美国的大学教育更是世界闻名，像哈佛大学、斯坦福大学这些顶尖高校，培养出了好多优秀的人才。
英语国家文化概况Chapter14课件
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
1.2 Geographic Regions and Climate
❖ 2. How many geographic regions can Canada be divided into?
▪ The Atlantic Region cold winter, hot summer, sparse precipitation
▪ The Central Region ▪ The Prairie Region
a continental climate
▪ The Pacific Region
a moderate climate
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
II
History
2.1 Discovery and Exploration 2.2 European Settlement 2.3 British Canada 2.4 Canadian Nation 2.5 Canada Since the 1980s 2.6 Exercise
1.3 Major Cities—Toronto (cont.)
the tallest tower in the western hemisphere, the world's second tallest freestanding structure
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
初中阶段的英语国家和文化英语知识点
初中阶段的英语国家和文化英语知识点英语作为一门全球通用的语言，学习英语不仅仅是学习语言知识，还涉及到英语国家的文化、习俗和传统。
在初中阶段，学生需要掌握一些关于英语国家和文化的基本知识点。
本文将介绍一些与英语国家和文化相关的知识点。
1. 英语国家及其地理位置英语是英国的母语，但也广泛使用于其他国家和地区。
主要的英语国家包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等。
这些国家分布在不同的大陆，有着各自独特的地理环境和人文特点。
2. 主要的英语国家文化每个英语国家都有其独特的文化特点。
比如英国文化以绅士风度、茶文化和冠冕堂皇的皇室传统而闻名；美国文化以自由、多元和创新为核心；加拿大文化强调多元文化以及对自然环境的保护。
学生需要了解这些文化特点，以便更好地理解和交流。
3. 英语国家的节日和庆典不同的英语国家有自己独特的节日和庆典。
比如英国的圣诞节、复活节和万圣节；美国的独立日和感恩节；加拿大的国庆日等。
学生可以通过学习这些节日和庆典，了解当地的文化习俗和传统。
4. 英语国家的体育文化体育在英语国家有着重要的地位，不同的体育项目也与当地文化紧密相连。
例如英式足球在英国是最受欢迎的运动，美国橄榄球和篮球在美国备受热爱，加拿大的冰球是国球。
了解英语国家的体育文化，对于拓宽学生的视野和培养体育兴趣都有益处。
5. 英语国家的饮食文化饮食文化也是了解一个国家的重要方面。
英语国家的饮食文化多种多样，比如英国的英式早餐、美国的汉堡和炸鸡、加拿大的枫糖浆等。
学生可以通过学习英语国家的饮食文化，了解不同国家的饮食习俗和传统。
6. 英语国家的名人和文化艺术英语国家涌现了众多的名人和文化艺术家。
通过了解一些英语国家的重要名人和文化艺术作品，学生可以进一步了解英语国家的历史和文化成就。
比如英国的莎士比亚、美国的爱默生和卡莱尔、加拿大的贝鲁特等。
7. 英语国家的教育体系英语国家的教育体系对于学生的成长和未来发展起到重要的影响。
了解英语国家的教育体系，可以帮助学生更好地规划自己的学习和职业发展。
英语国 家文化背景知识的介绍
英语国家文化背景知识的介绍《英语国家文化背景知识的介绍》当我们学习英语时，了解英语国家的文化背景知识是至关重要的。
这不仅能帮助我们更好地理解语言本身，还能让我们在交流中避免误解，增进与英语国家人士的沟通和理解。
英语国家主要包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等。
每个国家都有其独特的文化特点和历史背景，这些因素共同塑造了它们的社会风貌和人民的价值观。
先来说说英国。
英国是一个拥有悠久历史和丰富文化遗产的国家。
它的传统文化可以追溯到古罗马时期。
英国的皇室文化是其独特的一部分，皇室成员的活动和生活常常成为媒体和公众关注的焦点。
英国的文学成就也举世闻名，从莎士比亚的戏剧到简·奥斯汀的小说，这些经典作品在世界文学史上占据着重要地位。
英国的礼仪文化也十分讲究，例如在社交场合中，人们注重穿着得体、举止优雅。
美国是一个多元文化的大熔炉。
作为一个移民国家，它融合了来自世界各地的文化元素。
美国的价值观强调个人自由、平等和追求梦想。
从好莱坞的电影到百老汇的音乐剧，美国的娱乐文化在全球范围内有着广泛的影响力。
美国的体育文化也十分发达，如篮球、橄榄球和棒球等运动深受民众喜爱。
同时，美国的科技创新文化也推动了全球的科技进步，许多知名的科技公司都诞生于此。
加拿大是一个以其美丽的自然风光和友好的人民而闻名的国家。
其文化受到了英国、法国和原住民文化的影响。
多元文化政策使得加拿大成为一个包容和和谐的社会。
加拿大的艺术和音乐领域也有着出色的表现，同时，其教育体系在国际上也备受赞誉。
澳大利亚是一个充满活力和创新的国家。
其独特的自然环境塑造了澳大利亚人的生活方式和价值观。
澳大利亚的户外运动文化十分盛行，如冲浪、徒步和露营等。
澳大利亚的原住民文化也是其宝贵的财富，他们的艺术和传统对于澳大利亚的文化多样性做出了重要贡献。
新西兰以其纯净的自然景观和悠闲的生活节奏而闻名。
毛利文化是新西兰文化的重要组成部分，毛利人的传统舞蹈、音乐和艺术形式展现了其独特的魅力。
英语国家概况笔记整理
英语国家概况笔记整理英语国家是指以英语为官方语言的国家，主要分布在英联邦国家和美洲国家。
这些国家在文化、经济等方面有着广泛的联系和合作，具有丰富的历史及文化背景，是世界上最具影响力的国家之一。
下面将对英语国家的概况进行整理。
英联邦国家是指以英国为领袖的国际组织，由英国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、南非、印度、巴基斯坦等53个国家和地区组成。
这些国家中以英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰为代表的国家，在经济、政治、文化、教育等方面有着密切的联系和合作，军事上也有协调和互助的关系。
英国是英语国家的中心，由四个国家：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。
英国拥有悠久的历史和文化背景，是文化艺术、科技创新、高等教育等方面的领袖国家。
英国的文化产业发达，英语是世界第一大语言，英国的音乐、电影、电视剧等文艺作品也备受全球瞩目。
澳大利亚位于太平洋和印度洋之间，是由六个州和两个地区组成的联邦制国家。
澳大利亚是一个多元化的国家，拥有丰富的自然资源和景观。
澳大利亚在旅游、采矿、农业等方面具有突出的优势，是世界经济中不可忽视的力量。
加拿大是北美洲最大的国家，拥有广阔的土地和丰富的自然资源。
加拿大是世界上最发达的国家之一，其经济主要以服务业和加工制造业为主。
加拿大在金融、信息技术等领域具有较强的实力。
新西兰是一个位于南太平洋的岛国，由北岛和南岛以及其他一些小岛组成。
新西兰优美的自然环境使其成为了世界上著名的旅游胜地，同时其在农业、林业、渔业等领域也有着不俗的表现。
美洲国家是指以英语为官方语言的南、北美洲国家，包括美国、加拿大和13个加勒比国家。
这些国家在经济、政治、文化等方面也有着紧密的联系和合作。
美国是世界经济最大的国家之一，是世界级的大国和超级大国。
美国拥有强大的军事实力和文化影响力，同时也在国际事务中发挥着重要作用。
美国是全球科技、金融和文化中心之一，其在电影、音乐、时尚、饮食等方面也有着巨大的影响力。
加勒比国家是指坐落在加勒比海与墨西哥湾之间的一批岛国，其中比较著名的包括牙买加、海地、巴哈马等。
英语国家概况复习整理
英语国家概况复习整理英语国家概况一、国家概况英语是世界上使用最广泛的第二语言，几乎所有英语国家都以英语为官方语言。
以下是几个代表性的英语国家概况：1. 英国（United Kingdom）英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个君主立宪制国家，伦敦是其首都和最大城市。
英国是工业革命的发源地之一，对现代科学、文化和法律产生了重要影响。
2. 美国（United States）美国是一个位于北美洲的联邦共和制国家，由50个州组成。
华盛顿特区是其首都，纽约市是最大城市。
美国是世界上最大的经济体和军事力量之一，对全球政治、经济和文化具有巨大影响。
3. 加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲最北端的国家，是一个君主立宪制国家。
渥太华是其首都，多伦多是最大城市。
加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一，拥有丰富的自然资源和文化多样性。
4. 澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是世界上面积第六大的国家，位于南太平洋地区。
堪培拉是其首都，悉尼是最大城市。
澳大利亚以其独特的自然景观、丰富的动植物种类和多元文化而闻名。
5. 新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰位于南太平洋地区，由北岛和南岛组成。
惠灵顿是其首都，奥克兰是最大城市。
新西兰以其美丽的自然景观和友好的人民而闻名，是旅游和冒险活动的热门目的地。
二、国家特点1. 文化和历史英语国家的文化和历史各具特色。
英国的文化底蕴深厚，有着悠久的王室传统和文学艺术遗产。
美国是一个移民国家，融合了来自世界各地的文化，拥有独特的美国梦和好莱坞电影文化。
加拿大和澳大利亚等英联邦国家也保留了英国文化的一些传统，并发展了自己的多元文化。
2. 经济和科技英语国家在经济和科技领域具有强大实力。
英国在金融、教育、文化创意产业等领域发达，是世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
美国是全球最大的市场之一，科技创新领域具有很高的竞争力。
加拿大和澳大利亚等国也在自然资源开发和高科技产业方面表现出色。
英语国家社会文化
英语国家社会文化
1. 英语语言和文学：以英语为主要语言，包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、
新西兰等国家。
英语文学作为重要的文化遗产，包括莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等众多世界级作家和文学作品。
2. 政治和社会制度：英语国家中，有许多使用英语的民主国家，如英国、美国、
加拿大和澳大利亚。
这些国家普遍遵循权力分立和言论自由的原则，并推崇个人权利和自由。
3. 文化多样性：英语国家拥有丰富的文化多样性，融合了各种族裔、宗教信仰
和文化传统。
这些国家在包容和多元性方面非常重视，鼓励人们保持自己的文化身份同时与其他群体和谐相处。
4. 流行文化：英语国家对于流行文化的影响力巨大，包括音乐、电影、电视剧
和时尚等。
好莱坞电影工业、英国音乐和文化运动，以及美国的流行文化都深深影响了世界的娱乐和艺术领域。
5. 体育文化：英语国家热衷于各类体育运动，如足球、篮球、橄榄球和板球等。
这些运动不仅是体育竞技，也体现了国家的身份认同和集体荣誉感。
英美国家文化概况(中英文对照)-美国 精品
美国文化概况Chapter 1 Population, race and ethnic groups第一章人口和种族1) Introduction①American is the third most populous country in the world, with 255.5 million people. It isa nation of immigrants. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth. There are many racial and ethnic groups. Between 80% and 90% of immigration in the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic counties. The first immigrants in American history came from England and Netherlands. Population movements are common in America.美国是世界上的第三大人口国，总人口约2.555亿，仅次于中国和印度。
美国是一个移民大国，移民人口是其人口总数增长的重要原因。
美国的有着不同民族和种族的人口。
在目前美国移民人口中，80%-90%来自亚洲和西班牙语国家。
美国历史上最早的移民来自于英格兰和荷兰。
人口迁徙在美国十分普遍。
2) Black people and the Civil Rights Movement①blacks and slaveryThe largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S., which 12.1 per cent of the population; the first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.美国最大的少数人种是黑人，占人口的12.1%；1619年最早的人人作为奴隶被运至美国。
英语国家概况知识点总结
英语国家概况知识点总结概述:英语被广泛用于世界各地，特别是在英语国家。
英语国家是指以英语为官方语言的国家。
这些国家在文化、历史和政治方面有着共同的特点。
本文将总结关于英语国家的一些重要知识点。
1. 英语国家数量:目前，英语被作为官方语言或主要语言使用在75个国家和地区。
其中，英国、美国、加拿大和澳大利亚是英语国家中最重要的四个国家。
2. 英语的起源:英语起源于古代日耳曼语，并受到盎格鲁、撒克逊、日耳曼和诺曼底法语等语言的影响。
在中世纪，英语逐渐成为英格兰的主要语言，后来通过英国的殖民活动传播到世界各地。
3. 英语的变体:英语有多种变体，包括英国英语、美国英语、澳大利亚英语和加拿大英语等。
这些变体在发音、拼写和用法方面有所不同。
4. 英语国家的文化:英语国家的文化多样且富有活力。
英国是莎士比亚、达尔文和牛津剑桥等的故乡，以其丰富的文学、音乐和戏剧传统而闻名。
美国则以好莱坞电影、摇滚音乐和现代科技创新而著名。
澳大利亚和加拿大拥有美丽的自然风光，并注重多元文化的融合。
5. 英语国家的政治体制:英语国家有各种不同的政治体制。
英国是君主制国家，美国是联邦共和制国家，澳大利亚和加拿大则是联邦议会制国家。
这些国家在政治制度上有着明显的区别，但都保持着相对稳定的政治体系。
6. 英语的全球影响力:英语是联合国和其他国际组织的官方语言之一。
它也是全球商务和文化交流的主要语言。
掌握英语可以给人们提供更多的就业机会和交流平台。
7. 英语教育:英语是世界上最广泛学习的第二语言。
在许多英语国家，英语教育是义务教育的一部分。
英国、美国、加拿大和澳大利亚都有世界一流的教育体系，吸引着来自世界各地的留学生。
结论:英语国家在全球范围内有着重要的地位和影响力。
了解英语国家的概况能够帮助人们更好地理解英语语言及其文化背景。
掌握英语不仅是国际交流的必要工具，也是扩大人们视野和增加自身竞争力的关键。
英语国家概况笔记整理
英语国家概况笔记整理英语国家概况是指使用英语作为官方语言或主要语言的国家。
这些国家分布在全球各个大洲，包括欧洲、北美洲、南美洲、非洲、亚洲、大洋洲等地区。
下面是对英语国家概况的整理和相关参考内容。
一、英语国家概况1. 英语国家数量截至目前，全球有超过70个国家和地区官方或主要使用英语。
其中包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国家，以及南非、印度、新加坡等国家。
2. 英语在国际交流中的地位由于历史、文化、经济和政治原因，英语成为了世界共通的交流语言。
在国际贸易、国际关系、科学技术、旅游等领域中，英语的地位举足轻重。
很多国家把英语作为第二语言学习，以便更好地融入国际社会。
3. 英语国家文化特点英语国家拥有丰富多样的文化，包括文学、艺术、音乐、电影等。
英国文化以其悠久的历史、文学作品和皇室传统而闻名；美国文化则以其多元文化、好莱坞电影、流行音乐等领域有着巨大影响力。
4. 英语国家的教育体系英语国家拥有世界顶尖的教育体系，包括英国的牛津大学、剑桥大学等，美国的哈佛大学、斯坦福大学等。
这些学府不仅吸引着来自全球的学生，也为国际学生提供了优质的教育资源。
二、参考内容1. 英国英国是英语国家的发源地，拥有悠久的历史、文化和传统。
英国的教育体系著名于世，在全球范围内享有盛誉。
参考内容可包括英国的地理位置、历史概述、国家特色、名胜古迹、教育体系等。
2. 美国美国是使用英语的最大国家，也是世界上最强大的国家之一。
美国的文化多元，享有世界级的艺术、电影和音乐产业。
参考内容可包括美国的地理、历史、政治制度、经济实力、文化特点等。
3. 加拿大加拿大是英语国家中面积最大的国家，也是全球最宜居的国家之一。
加拿大的教育体系、医疗服务和社会福利享誉国际。
参考内容可包括加拿大的地理特点、历史发展、多元文化、经济实力等。
4. 澳大利亚澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的国家，英语是其官方语言。
澳大利亚是一个富有自然景观和野生动物资源的国家，吸引着来自世界各地的游客和留学生。
英语国家文化概况上
Text B: Values
The concept of an individual’s having control over his own destiny influenced the type of government that was established here, and individual rights are guaranteed in the United States Constitution.
Text B: Values
Choice in Education Education is often put as the key to opportunity, including financial security. Americans take a pragmatic approach to learning, so what one learns outside the classroom through internships, extracurricular activities and so on is often considered as important as what is learned in the classroom. Therefore, lifelong learning is valued as results in many adult and continuing education programs.
Cultural Notes:
values 即价值观。一个人或组织的价值观是 指他或他们所认为重要的道德原则和信仰。 从广义上来讲，价值观是指在与自然抗争 和努力适应不断改变的环境过程中，某人 对整个世界、社会和他人所持有的看法和 审美观。
初二英语国家与文化知识点
初二英语国家与文化知识点1. 介绍国家与文化的重要性（开头段）在初二英语学习中，国家与文化是一个重要的知识点。
了解不同国家的文化和背景对于拓宽视野、促进跨文化交流具有重要意义。
本文将带您了解一些常见的国家与文化知识点。
2. 国家与文化知识点之一：美国（主体段一）美国是一个多元文化的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。
美国的主要语言是英语，同时英国的传统也对美国文化有较大影响。
美国的音乐、电影和食物等方面都具有独特的魅力。
此外，美国的重要节日如独立日、感恩节等也是了解美国文化的重要窗口。
3. 国家与文化知识点之二：英国（主体段二）英国是英语的故乡，拥有悠久的文化传统。
莎士比亚的作品、皇室的历史、茶文化等都是英国文化的重要组成部分。
英国人讲究礼仪，喜欢喝茶、玩板球，英国音乐和电影也享誉世界。
了解英国文化有助于我们更好地掌握英语，并欣赏英国的艺术和文学。
4. 国家与文化知识点之三：中国（主体段三）中国作为一个历史悠久的国家，有着丰富多彩的文化。
中国是世界上最为人口众多的国家之一，中文是中国的官方语言。
中国的传统文化有着独特的魅力，如书法、绘画、茶道等。
中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日也是了解中国文化的窗口。
5. 国家与文化知识点之四：其他国家（主体段四）除了美国、英国和中国，世界上还有许多其他国家也拥有丰富的文化。
法国以其浪漫和时尚而著名，意大利以其美食和建筑而吸引人，日本以其独特的礼仪和传统艺术闻名，等等。
了解这些国家的文化不仅可以加深对其他国家的认识，也能促进跨文化交流。
6. 总结通过了解不同国家的文化，可以帮助我们更好地了解世界各地的人们，并促进文化之间的相互交流与理解。
初二英语学习中掌握国家与文化知识点，对于提高英语水平和培养跨文化意识具有重要作用。
（注：此为一篇大致满足1000字的文章，可根据需要增减字数。
文章内容仅供参考，具体内容可根据实际情况进行调整。
）。
英语国家概况(上)讲义
英语国家社会与文化入门（上）Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom IThe full name of the country of UK is the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.UK includes 4 parts: the island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales, and Northern Ireland.Different people who belong to different class will tend to read different newspaper, watch different television programmes, speak with a different accent, do different things in their free-time, and have different expectations for their children.Before the 1st century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people.In 43 AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire and England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.After Roman time, Britain was under threat from outside, this time from Germanic peoples: the Angles, and the Saxon.In the 5th century AD it is said that a great leader appeared, united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur, drove the Saxons back. This is the story of King Arthur. According to legend Arthur gathered a company of knights to him and conflict between his knights led to Arthur creating the famous ―round table‖at which all would have equal precedence.Anglo-Saxon invaders were the forefathers of the English, the founders of ―Angle-land‖ or ―England‖ as it has become know.From the late 8th century on raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain‘s shores.The next invaders were the Normans, from northern France, who were descendants of Vikings.Under William of Normandy they crossed the English Channel in 1066.William took the English throne, and became William the First of England.Robin Hood was a Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans, who became an outlaw, and with his band of ―merry men‖ hid in the forest of Sherwood in the north midlands of England and they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor.Charles the First‘attempt to overrule parliament in the 1640s led to a civil war in which parliamentary forces were victorious, and the king was executed. And then England was ruled by parliament‘s leader, Oliver Cromwell.The largest city of Scotland is Glasgow and the capital city is Edinburgh.Scotland was not conquered either by the Romans or the Anglo-Saxons.Like England Scotland began to experience Viking raid in the 9th century.Under the leadership of Robert the Bruce, the Scots were victorious at the Battle of Bannockburn, leading to 300 years of full independence.In 1603, Queen Elizabeth the First of England died childless, and the next in line to the throne was James the Sixth of Scotland, so he also became James the First of England, uniting the two thrones.In 1707 by agreement of English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.The Scotland Act 1998 provided for the establishment of the Scottish Parliament and Executive.Scottish writes have given the world such well-known work as Walter Scott‘s romances of highland Scotland and ―Auld Lang Syne‖ (by Robert Burns)The capital city of Wales is Cardiff.Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom IIThe capital city of Northern Ireland is Belfast.The most famous landmark of Northern Ireland is the ―Giant‘s causeway‖, a rocky promontory made up of black hexagonal columns.From the time of Queen Elizabeth I the new settlers, loyal to the British crown and Protestant in religious persuasion, were granted land, position, and privileges which had been systematically take away from the indigenous, Roman Catholic population.―Great hatred, little room‖ was the way the modern poet W. B. Yeats described the situation. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was ―The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland‖, not only ―Northern Ireland‖, because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain.The Easter Rising of 1916 was the most spectacular event, in which the rebels took over Dublin‘s Post Office, forcing the British to retake it by military means.In 1919 a group calling itself the IRA (Irish Republican Army) expanded the fighting.In the end the conflict became too great to ignore, and as the Sinn Fein party, who were supporters of the Irish terrorists, gained most of the Irish seats in the British parliament, Irish independence became inevitable.In 1921 the southern 26 counties formed an independent ―free state‖, while the 6 north-eastern counties remained a part the UK.In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Irish streets.The official IRA thought enough progress had been made that they could concentrate on a political process, and run candidates for elections, but a strong faction felt that armed force was the only way to get the British out, and separated from the officials, calling themselves the ―Provisional IRA‖.In 1971 the Northern Irish government took the desperate step of imprisoning terrorist suspects from both sides without trial, a policy known as ―internment‖, which targeted primarily Catholic men in the North.In 1972 468 people were killed in Northern Ireland and that day has now been mythologiesed as ―Bloody Sunday‖, an important symbol of British oppression.In 1973, an agreement was reached between the main political parties in Northern Ireland, and importantly, the British and Irish governments, which led to a new form for the Northern Irish Parliament, with a Power-Sharing mechanism.The Sinn Fein party spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of ―The Bullet and the Ballot Box‖.As a result of multi-party negotiations, aided this time by the intervention of the United States Senator George Mitchell, the Good Friday Agreement known also the Belfast Agreement, emerged on 10 April 1998.Unit 3 The Government of the United KingdomBritain is arguably the oldest representative democracy in the world, with roots that can be traced over a thousand years.The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy.The power of the monarchy was largely derived from the ancient doctrine of the ―divine right of kings‖The opposition was so powerful the king finally granted a gang of feudal barons and the Church a charter of liberty and political rights, still know by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta, which is still regarded as Britain‘s key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.The civil war which brought the Roundheads to power in the 17th century was rooted in a dispute over the power of the king vis-à-vis Parliament.In 1689 Parliament passed the Bill of Rights which ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.In 1832, when a system for choosing the House of Commons by popular election replaced the monarch‘s job of appointing representatives, the modern political system was born.The party with the most supporters in the Commons forms the government, and by tradition, the leader of that party becomes Prime Minister.Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.British governance today is based upon the terms and conditions of the constitution.Israel and Britain are the only two countries without written constitutions of the sort which most countries have.The foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law, that is, laws passed by Parliament; the common laws, which are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts, not because Parliament has written them; and conventions, which are rules and practices which do not exist legally, but are nevertheless regarded as vital to the workings of government.Parliament is supreme in the British state because it alone has the power to change the terms of the Constitution.Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.The role of the monarchy today is primarily to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British state.There are 724 Lords and 646 Members of Parliament in the House of Commons.Unit 4 Politics, Class and RaceIn 1928 it reached the current level of about 99% can vote (those excluded are Lords, certain categories of convicted criminals, the legally insane, and resident foreign citizens –except UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic)After a government has been in power for 5 years it has to resign and hold a ―general election‖, in which all British adults are given the chance to vote again for their constituency‘s MP.Anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats.The Labour party is the newest of these three, created by the growing trade union movementat the end of the nineteenth century.The Conservative party is the party that spend most time in power.The Liberal Democrats are the third biggest party, and to some extent may be seen as a party of the ―middle‖, occupying the ideological ground between the two main parties.Margaret Thatcher is the UK‘s first woman Prime Minister.The car-worker probably reads a paper like The Sun: a newspaper with little heard news and more about TV soap operas, the Royal family, and sport. The university teacher might read The Guardian: a larger newspaper with longer stories, covering national and international news, ―high‖ culture such as theatre and literature, and so on.Unit 5 The UK EconomyThe UK is now the world‘s sixth largest economy.The UK is not only a member of the G7, G8, G20 major economies, but also a member of the World Trade Organization.Firstly, the country had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war, selling many of its accumulated overseas assets, and borrowing large amounts from the United States and Canada.Secondly, the ear of empire was over. India, popularly known as ―The Jewel in the Crown‖ of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.Thirdly, despite the relatively rapid and trouble-free process of decolonization, Britain has still forced to maintain a substantial and expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the process was completed.Fourthly, although Britain was quite badly damaged by German bombing during the war, its industry survived comparatively unaffected. This failure to invest sufficiently in industry also reflects a long-standing and continuing problem in the UK economy.National economies can be broken down into three main areas: ―primary‖ industries, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining; ―secondary‖ industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary products; and tertiary industries, often described as services, such as banking, insurance, tourism, and the selling of goods.Britain‘s agricultural sector is small but efficient, producing 58% of the UK‘s food needs with only 2% of its workforce.Scottish ports land the majority of the fish caught.Three of the biggest ten companies in Britain are to be found in the energy sector: Shell, British Petroleum (BP), and British Gas.The World‘s largest mining company, RTZ, is a UK company which operates mines all over the world.The British company Glaxo-Wellcome is the biggest drug company in the world.70% of the UK‘s workforce are employed in the service sector.London is one of the top three financial centres in the world. It has the greatest concentration of foreign banks in the world, accounts for 20% of all international bank-loans, and is the world‘s largest foreign exchange market. As well as banking, dealing in commodities and insurance are important processes in ―The City‖—the name given to the historic area at the centre of London where all this business is concentrated, at the heart of which is London Stock Exchange, one of the business share-dealing centres in the world.Aerospace is one of the UK‘s highest value adding manufacturing sectors.Unit 6 British LiteratureThe major literature competition is the annual Booker Prize.Much early British writing was concerned with Christianity: Anglo-Saxons produced beautifully illustrated versions of the Bible: the most famous of these is the Book of Kells. One of the oldest of these early ―Old English‖ litrary works is long poem from Anglo-Saxon times called Beowulf.One work from Norman Conquest times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, who was the first court poet to write in English.There was a general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during the 15th and 16th century which is known as ―The Renaissance‖.Christopher Marlowe‘s most famous play is The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, the story of a man who sold his soul to the devil in return for power.William Shakespeare is probably the best-known literary figure in the world.The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth.Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night‘s Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest.A permanent monument of English literature style commemorates James‘s name. He ordered the translation of the Holy Scriptures known as the King James Bible(1611).The Essays of Frances Bacon made popular in English a literary form widely practiced afterward.The literary giant of the 17th century, John Milton was much bound up in Puritan Revolution. The most famous pamphlets is Areopagitica. During his retirement from public life he produced his masterpieces: Paradise Lost, its sequel, Paradise Regained, and the poetic tragedy Samson Agonistes.Johnthan Swift‘s name is linked with the fanciful account of four voyages known to us as Guliver‘s Travels.Scotland produced a much-loved poet, Robert Burns, who wrote in Scottish dialect.Daniel Defoe ‗s first and greatest novel appeared in 1719, which was Robinson Crusoe, the most famous tale of shipwreck and solitary survival in all literature.Two poets offered what had been called romantic poetry‘s ―Declaration of Independence.‖This was a volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads, written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.George Gordon, Lord Byron‘s large body of work includes the partly autobiographical Childe Harold‘s Pilgrimage. Don Juan owed its title.John Keats‘s art is nowhere greater than in the two pomes ―Ode on a Grecian Urn‖ and ‖Ode to a Nightingale.‖Percy Bysshe Shelley‘s writing has a wide range. The lovely musical quality of his work appears in the fine verses of ―Ode to the West Wind‖ and ―To a Skylark‖The spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel, notably in Mary Shelley‘s (the poet Shelly‘s wife) Frankenstein, the story of science gone wrong through the disastrous consequences of an arrogant scientist‘s attempts to create life.Most of Sir Walter Scott‘s themes came from medieval and Scottish history and he wrote a number of romantic novels.Jane Austen, who excelled at this form of writing, is indeed one of the greatest of all Englishnovelists. A delightful, almost flawless stylist, she has devoted admirers of her Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, and Emma, among other works.Perhaps the most famous literary family in British history are the Bronte sisters, and they too were influenced by the Romantic movement. Charlotte Bronte‘s Jane Eyre and Emily‘s Wuthering Heights are the most successful.Charles Dickens produced Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield and Great Expectations.Later in the 19th century Robert Louis Stevenson also wrote Scottish historical romances, The Adventures in Treasure Island and Kidnapped thrill readers young and old. His most famous short novel was The strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.Among Thomas Hardy‘s better-known novels are The Return of the Native, Tess of the D‘urbervilles, and Jude the Obscure.20th century literature can be broadly divided into two stylistic periods: Modernism, and Postmodernism.One of the most famous of English modernist writers is Joseph Conrad, whose most famous novel is The Heart of Darkness.Virginia Woolf is another writer associated with Modernism, and one of the most famous writers of the century. Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, and Orlando are among her best-known books.D.H. Lawrence wrote Sons and Lovers.Unit 7 British Education SystemMany people think school is just about teaching children what are often called ―the three Rs‖–―reading, riting and rithmetic‖. But the purpose of the British education system is also to socialize children.The school (or college) tie is a clear marker of social class.Education in the UK is compulsory. Children are legally obliged to attend school from the age of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) to 16.State schools are funded by local and central government. The government also sometimes assists schools established by religious groups.In the private sector there are independent schools which are commonly, but confusingly, called public schools. Independent schools receive their funding through the private sector and through tuition rates, with some government assistance.Between the ages of 5 to 11, pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools.From the age of 11 up to around the age of 19, students attend secondary schools.General Certificate of Secondary Education are the main means of assessing pupils‘ progress in their final 2 years of compulsory education.Other pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training.So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham. Oxford and Cambridge date from the 12th and 13 centuries.The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree.Unit 8 The British MediaThe observer, which is still published every Sunday, first appeared in 1791, making it theworld‘s oldest Sunday newspaper, while The Times, which began publishing in 1785, is the United Kingdom‘s oldest daily newspaper.This watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government, is one of the reasons why a free press is considered so important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy.The British media all must follow the Advertising Code which ensure that advertisements are legal, decent, honest and truthful; have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society; and respect the principles of fair competition.Until the 1980s, almost all the national newspapers had their headquarters on or around Fleet Street in London, and sometimes you will hear newspaper culture referred to still as ―Fleet Street‖, or even, sometimes, the Street of Shame, reflecting the birth of scandals which take place.While officially speaking the British press is ―free‖ from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.The oldest and most popular soap, which began in the 1960s, is Coronation Street.The British Broadcasting Corporation –more familiarly known as the BBC or even ―the Beeb‖– us Britain‘s main public service broadcaster.The BBC is funded by license fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set. Unit 9 Sports, Holidays and Festivals in Britain―Football hooligans‖, supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up.Wimbledon, actually a London suburb, is where the world‘s best players gather to compete on grass courts. It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organized rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.The game of golf was invented by the Scottish.The true sport of British Kings and Queens is not skiing or golfing, but horse racing.There are two kinds of horse racing: flat racing, where horses and riders compete on a flat, oval track; and steeple-chasing, which is racing either across the countryside, or around a course designed to represent the obstacles you might encounter in the countryside. Christmas, December 25th, is the biggest and best loved British holiday.There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play.Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio.A third British tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas.For church goers it is Easter, not Christmas, which is the most important Christian festival. One of Britain‘s most impressive and colourful festival happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen‘s Birthday is officially celebrated by ―Trooping the Colour‖around Buckingham Palace in London.The UK, unlike most countries, does not have a ―national day‖.One truly English holiday is Bonfire Night –sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night –celebrated in the early autumn.The Twelfth is the high point of what is known as the Marching Season, when Protestant ―Orangemen‖ take to the streets wearing their traditional unifors of bowler hats, black suits and orange sashes, marching through the streets sing, banging durms and playing in marching bands.Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.How Hogmanay is celebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practiced is ―first footing‖.Each year Scottish people all over the world celebrate their most beloved national poet, Robert Burns, by holding a Burns Supper on the evening of his birthday.Halloween is a Scottish festival that comes from the great feast of the pagan Celts which marked the arrival of the winter half of the year.Wales has some of the oldest and richest literary, musical and poetic traditions in Europe.。
英美文化概况
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小学英语国家与文化背景介绍
小学英语国家与文化背景介绍英语国家与文化背景介绍英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一，拥有许多国家以其为官方语言。
不同的国家有着独特的文化背景和特色，下面将为你介绍几个英语国家以及其独特的文化背景。
美国 (United States of America)作为世界上最大的英语国家，美国以其多元化的文化而闻名。
它是一个移民国家，拥有来自各个国家和地区的人们，因此在美国，你可以找到各种文化的影响。
美国的饮食文化也非常多样化，例如快餐文化、墨西哥菜、意大利菜等。
此外，美国也是好莱坞电影的发源地，因此在世界范围内有着巨大的影响力。
英国 (United Kingdom)作为英语的发源地，英国拥有深厚的文化底蕴和丰富的历史。
英国是一个君主立宪制的国家，拥有众多的皇室和贵族。
在英国，你可以欣赏到古老的建筑、文学经典以及传统的习俗，如下午茶和皇家卫兵。
此外，英国也以其音乐产业和著名的音乐家、乐队而闻名，如披头士乐队和皇后乐队。
澳大利亚 (Australia)澳大利亚是一个位于南半球的英语国家，其特点是广袤的自然景观和多样的野生动植物。
大堡礁、悉尼歌剧院以及阿瓦隆航天飞机基地是澳大利亚的著名旅游景点。
澳大利亚也是一个体育强国，其最受欢迎的运动包括澳式足球、板球和橄榄球。
加拿大 (Canada)加拿大是北美洲的一个英语国家，与美国相邻。
加拿大以其卓越的自然美景和宽松的多元文化而著名。
该国的多元文化政策使得不同文化群体和宗教能够和谐共存。
加拿大也是冰球的发源地，这项运动在加拿大非常受欢迎，被视为国民运动。
印度 (India)印度是一个拥有众多官方语言的多语言国家，其中英语是其副官方语言之一。
印度是一个文化多样性丰富的国家，拥有多种宗教、语言、传统和风俗习惯。
印度的美食、音乐、舞蹈以及宗教节日吸引着世界各地的游客。
总结英语国家的文化背景多种多样，每个国家都有其独特的特色和魅力。
通过学习英语国家的文化，我们可以更好地理解和沟通不同文化背景的人们。
英语国家概况笔记整理
英语国家概况笔记整理英语国家概况：英语是目前世界上使用最广泛的语言之一，被称为国际语言。
以下是关于英语国家的概况。
1. 英语国家概述英语国家是指以英语作为官方语言或重要语言的国家。
主要的英语国家包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、爱尔兰等。
此外，英语也是许多其他国家和地区的官方语言或教育语言，如印度、菲律宾、南非等。
2. 英国英国是英语的发源地和最重要的英语国家之一。
它由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。
英国是一个世界上最多元化和文化历史最悠久的国家之一，拥有众多的名胜古迹，如大本钟、巨石阵、伦敦塔等。
3. 美国美国是世界上最大的英语国家之一，拥有丰富的资源和多元文化。
美国是一个移民国家，人口大部分由来自不同国家的移民组成。
美国的经济实力雄厚，是世界上最大的经济体之一。
美国的主要城市有纽约、洛杉矶、芝加哥等。
4. 加拿大加拿大是世界上第二大国家，拥有广袤的土地和丰富的自然资源。
英语和法语是加拿大的两种官方语言，但英语在加拿大的大部分地区得到广泛使用。
加拿大是一个文化多元化的国家，各个城市和地区拥有不同的文化特点。
5. 澳大利亚澳大利亚位于南半球，是世界上最大的岛屿国家。
澳大利亚是一个拥有多种语言和文化的国家，但英语是其主要语言。
悉尼和墨尔本是澳大利亚最大的城市，也是该国的文化和商业中心。
6. 新西兰新西兰位于太平洋地区，是一个自然环境优美的国家。
英语是该国的官方语言，也是教育、商务和政府机构使用的主要语言。
新西兰是一个小而友好的国家，拥有丰富的户外活动和独特的文化。
7. 爱尔兰爱尔兰位于欧洲西部，是一个英语国家，英语是该国的官方语言。
爱尔兰是一个美丽而古老的国家，有着浓厚的文化和历史。
爱尔兰以其独特的音乐、文学和舞蹈而闻名，如爱尔兰民谣和著名的作家詹姆斯·乔伊斯。
8. 其他英语国家除了以上国家，英语也是印度、菲律宾、南非等许多国家和地区的官方语言或教育语言。
这些国家拥有丰富的历史和文化遗产，每个国家都有自己独特的文化和风景。
小学英语教学中的英语国家文化介绍
小学英语教学中的英语国家文化介绍在小学英语教学中，除了学习语言知识，了解英语国家的文化也是非常重要的一部分。
通过介绍英语国家的文化，学生不仅可以更好地理解英语语言的背景和运用，还可以开拓他们的视野，增加对世界其他文化的了解。
本文将以英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰五个英语国家为例，介绍它们的文化特点。
英国是英语语言的发源地，也是全球英语文化的代表之一。
英国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化底蕴，在文学、音乐、艺术等领域都有令人瞩目的成就。
莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的作家之一，他的作品被广泛翻译成各种语言，并对世界文学产生了深远的影响。
英国音乐家贝多芬、莫扎特等也是世界音乐史上的璀璨之星。
此外，英国的建筑、传统习俗、皇室文化等也是英国文化的重要组成部分。
美国是世界上最强大的国家之一，其文化影响力也是全球独树一帜的。
美国是一个移民国家，拥有来自世界各地的不同民族和文化，这种多元文化的融合是美国文化的一大特点。
美国有着独特的民俗文化，比如感恩节、独立日等节日。
此外，好莱坞是世界著名的电影工业基地，美国的音乐、时尚、食物等也受到全球的欢迎。
加拿大是一个富有活力和包容性的国家，其独特的文化也吸引着世界各地的目光。
加拿大的文化受到法国和英国的影响，多元的文化包括原住民文化、法国文化、英国文化等。
加拿大的自然风光优美，被誉为“自然之国”，这也反映在加拿大的文化中，比如加拿大的视觉艺术、文学、电影、音乐等都受到自然环境的启发。
澳大利亚是一个多元文化的国家，其文化融合了来自不同国家的影响。
澳大利亚的原住民文化是当地文化的重要组成部分，澳大利亚的传统音乐、舞蹈、绘画等也受到原住民文化的影响。
澳大利亚是运动的国家，澳大利亚足球、板球等都受到广泛的关注。
此外，澳大利亚的电影、文学、音乐等也在国际上享有盛誉。
新西兰是一个自然风光优美的国家，被誉为“上帝之域”。
新西兰的文化受到毛利人的影响，毛利文化在新西兰的文化中占有重要地位。
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Text A: Beliefs
1. Organized Religion in UK 66% of the population in the UK have no connection to any religion or church. 2. Religion is unimportant to most British people. In 2003, 17% of the British public told that religion was one of the most significant things in their lives. A person’s own experience, parents, education and friends are in the first place.
Examples
Core American values are quite attractive. Let us briefly consider four of them: First is the conviction that all persons possess transcendent human dignity, and that consequently each person must always be treated as an end, never as a means.
Text B: Values
Privacy Privacy is also important to Americans. The notion of individual privacy may make it difficult to make friends. Because Americans respect one’s privacy, they may simply say a friendly “hello”. Ironically, it is usually the foreigner who must be more assured if a friendship is to develop.
Cultural Notes:
values 即价值观。一个人或组织的价值观是 指他或他们所认为重要的道德原则和信仰。 从广义上来讲，价值观是指在与自然抗争 和努力适应不断改变的环境过程中，某人 对整个世界、社会和他人所持有的看法和 审美观。
Text B: Values
This is the civilization of modernity, democracy, capitalism and science.
Text B: Values
Within the British value-system, the two elements focused on here — protection of the family and commitment to hard work — are crucial factors of freedom itself. If the British people can’t successfully defend the family and the work against their enemies, it will be impossible to sustain the freedom.
英语国家文化概况（上）
Focus
Section A: Believes and values Section B: Characteristics Section C: Celebrities
Before Reading
Discuss What do the British and the Americans believe in? What the characteristics of the British people and the Americans? Do you know some celebrities in UK or US?
Its purposes are recognizable in terms of contrast with its modern enemies--fascism, militant Islam, and the hedonism of post-Christian decadence.
Its most basic element is freedom--but freedom construed as the capacity of individual men and women to make reasonable decisions as autonomous moral agents about their own best interests.
Text B: Values
Individual Freedom
The one value that nearly every American would agree upon is individual freedom. Whether you call it individual freedom, individualism, or independence, it is the core of American values. It pervades in every aspect of US.
individual freedom：美国的自由主义是指来源于英 国的、与美国个人主义相结合而形成的以个人自由 权利为核心的一种意识形态。自由主义是美国政治 共识和“美国信条”或美国主义的核心。
Text B: Values
The concept of an individual’s having control over his own destiny influenced the type of government that was established here, and individual rights are guaranteed in the United States Constitution.
American culture has been enriched by the values and belief systems of every part of the world. Thus it is impossible to be comprehensive. Nevertheless, a few values below are at the core of the American value system.
Examples
Second is the conviction that universal truths exist and are accessible to all people. Third is the belief that most disagreements about values call for civility, openness to other views, and reasonable argument in pursuit of truth because the individual and collective access to truth is imperfect.
Text A: Beliefs
These two beliefs—God created a law of right and wrong and Doing what is right is necessary for happiness—are mutual truths.
Text B: Values
Text B: Values
British values are uni sub-set, defined uniquely by their capacities, history and choices. Christian value-system, which incorporates Hellenism, has created and sustained the civilization of the Free World.
Examples
And fourth is freedom of conscience and freedom of religion—the twin freedoms believe to be the foundation and precondition of all individual freedoms.
3.1 The UK
Text A: Beliefs Text B: Values
Text A: Beliefs
In the 2001 Census it counted over 170 distinct religions, the religious make-up of the UK is quite diverse, complex, multicultural and surprising. About half of the British believe in God.
Text B: Values
Choice in Education Education is often put as the key to opportunity, including financial security. Americans take a pragmatic approach to learning, so what one learns outside the classroom through internships, extracurricular activities and so on is often considered as important as what is learned in the classroom. Therefore, lifelong learning is valued as results in many adult and continuing education programs.