《嘉莉妹妹》中的人物分析
2023年最新的德莱塞笔下的《嘉莉妹妹》中赫斯渥的人物分析
2023年最新的德莱塞笔下的《嘉莉妹妹》中赫斯渥的人物分析摘要：《嘉莉妹妹》是德莱塞创作的第一部小说，也是美国文学史上最著名的作品之一，是美国自然主义的早期代表作。
，《嘉莉妹妹》一书中最重要的一个情节是赫斯渥偷了酒店的钱，将嘉莉骗上火车，开始了私奔的生活。
这个情节的原型实际上是德莱塞妹妹埃玛的生活经历。
当年一家酒店的出纳就曾经偷了店里的三千五百美元，带着埃玛私奔到蒙特利尔，然后又辗转去了纽约，最后嘉莉因机缘巧合而成了红级一时的女演员，而那位绅士般，曾经有着显赫地位上等人生活的赫斯特伍德却身败名裂，最后命丧他乡。
赫斯特伍德本是一个令人瞩目的上层人物，圈子广阔，朋友众多，因为自身的才华与魅力，很受人敬仰。
按理说，他本该体体面面地享受着自己的人生，却毁在了情欲之上。
该小说自出版以来，批评者不乏其人，其主人公嘉莉妹妹也一直是个颇具争议的人物本文另辟蹊径主要对赫斯渥和嘉莉私奔前后的心理变化以及赫斯渥悲剧命运结果原因进行了细致的剖析。
赫斯渥的悲剧命运在当今社会也会有影射作用，本文的研究分析方向对现代社会生活婚姻观、爱情观都会有一定的意义所在。
关键词：私奔；心理变化；悲剧命运一、介绍小说讲的是天真无邪的，对家人故土充满了留恋之情，对大都市繁华生活充满了幻想的嘉莉独自来到芝加哥谋生，去投奔她的姐姐，寻求新的生活。
都市耀眼的万点灯火和生活的窘境驱使她走投无路时做了推销员杜洛埃的情妇，后来由于更大的欲望又做了酒店经理赫斯渥的情妇。
与赫斯渥私奔后，蹍转来到纽约由于机缘巧合她成为红极一时的演员实现了她的梦想，但是她曾经恰似深爱、相爱抛弃子女家庭和金钱地位与她一起远走高飞的赫斯渥却沦为乞丐，最后以自杀告终的故事。
二、赫斯渥人物悲剧的客观原因（一）金钱为中心的社会背景 20世纪初人们狂热的追求美国之梦的悲剧事实，人们追求享乐，追求高等生活和享受的心理说明了在以金钱为中心的美国资本主义社会里不可能有真正的幸福。
（二）追逐金钱名利的妻子朱丽娅这个前经理赫斯特伍德的夫人是个冷酷、自私自利、好嫉妒、爱虚荣的女人，为了自己的权利不惜把自己丈夫赶出家门，其实可以说她嫁给赫斯特伍德并不是有真正的爱，而是为了满足自己的虚荣心，为了金钱和地位罢了。
自然主义视角下《嘉莉妹妹》人物形象赏析
其他 小说 的出版使 他在声 望 和名誉 上有 所 提高后 ， 《 嘉莉妹妹 》才得 以重新 出版。 小说 中对嘉 莉妹 妹形 象 的描写 和塑 造 不可谓不大胆。德莱塞 以真实 的、坦率的笔 触塑造了嘉莉这样 一个美丽 、大胆 、 充 满激 情却又充斥着欲望和需求 、被生活压迫的女 性 形象。他在塑造嘉莉的具有特 色的魅 力的 同 时也毫不避 讳 地指 出这 个 在城市灯 红 酒 绿 中迷失 的少女 内心对金 钱 和地位 的深 深
向往和执着追求 。 “她 （ 嘉莉） 幻 想 着 种 种 特 权 和 享 乐 。……她那可怜巴巴的周 薪 ４块半大 洋已 经大方潇 洒地花 了出去 ，为她买来 了种种 她 想戛 的东 西 ， 种种她一跟看中的东西。 真的 ， 那 几天夜 里临上床前 ，当她 坐在摇椅里 愉快 地 看 着下 面灯 火 通 明 的大 街 时 ，这 些 还 没 到 手 的钱似乎 已为 未来 的主人 获取种 种欢 乐 和种种女人想要 的小玩意开辟 了道路 。 ”
一
１ ９世纪 的美 国社会信奉 的价值 观和道 德 观无疑 是和小 说相互 抵触 和违背 的一 一 如果女性真的犯了罪——指失去贞操 ， 就必 须得到应有的报应— —用死来惩罚 ， 作者笔 下 的嘉莉 因为对 于金钱 的欲望 和追求 不仅 将 自己委身于推销员杜 洛埃 ， 还成为 了有妇 之夫酒店经理赫斯伍 德的情妇 。 更加令世人
定位——美 国梦 的破灭。 “ 她 已经知道 ，在他 的世界里 ，就像在 她 自己眼前 的处境里一样 ， 没有幸福可言。 她 现在独 自 坐在那里 ， 从她身上可以看 到一 个 只善 于感受 而不善 于推理 的人 在追求美 的过程 中 ， 是怎样误入岐途的。 ”
、
此。 嘉莉这个 主人公在小说 中那么真实、 自 然 、可爱 ， 她坦率大胆的新道德观 与传统守 旧的道德观形成了鲜明对 比，现实 了它 的现 代性 、变革性 。作者在为这样一个新女性设 置结局时 ，没有让 她在痛苦 中悲惨地死去 ， 使她逃避了应得的惩罚， 嘉莉甚至越来越走 运， 在摆脱 了杜洛埃和赫斯伍德 的控制后独 立地 开辟 了属 于她 自己的新天 地一一 成为 名噪一时的女伶 ， 登上了百老汇舞 台明星 的 宝座。这些都表明 了作者对嘉莉这样一个看 似虚伪实则真实可爱、富有生命力 的女性毫 不避讳的喜爱和同情 。嘉莉妹妹坦率大胆 的 新道 德观 的形成 是 当时残酷严 苛 的环境 和 生活对一个 柔弱女性 的逼迫造成 的。 德莱塞 扯碎了资产阶级卫道者的虚伪面纱 ， 用坦率 诚实的 口吻塑造了嘉莉这样一个经典形象 。
论《嘉莉妹妹》中的人物心理
论《嘉莉妹妹》中的人物心理《嘉莉妹妹》是一部美国现实主义作家西奥多·德莱塞的长篇小说，出版于1900年。
这部作品以嘉莉妹妹为代表，深刻揭示了美国资本主义制度对贫苦人民压榨的残酷性以及资产阶级生活方式对小资产阶级分子的腐蚀性。
而嘉莉妹妹，这位主要人物，可以说是一个充满矛盾的角色。
嘉莉妹妹是个既简单又复杂的人物。
她具有坚韧不拔的顽强毅力和坚持不懈的精神，这可以从她从贫困的乡村来到芝加哥，为摆脱贫困，出卖自己的贞操，先后与推销员和酒店经理同居，后又凭美貌与歌喉成为演员的历程中得到印证。
她在面临生活的困境时，不畏惧困难，而是选择接受挑战，这种精神是值得我们学习的。
另一方面，嘉莉妹妹的内心世界也是非常丰富的。
虽然她来自贫困的乡村，而且生活给了她许多挫折，但她并没有被生活的困苦打倒。
相反，她对生活充满了乐观的态度，对未来充满了希望。
这是德莱塞在塑造这个人物时所赋予她的力量。
然而，嘉莉妹妹的内心世界并非只有乐观和希望。
在她的生活中，她经历了很多的坎坷和挫折，这些经历在她的内心深处留下了深深的烙印。
这些经历使她的性格中充满了矛盾和复杂性。
她既对未来充满希望，又对生活感到无助。
这种矛盾的心理状态，使她的性格更加真实和立体。
《嘉莉妹妹》是一部揭示社会现实和人物内心世界的小说。
通过嘉莉妹妹这个人物，德莱塞向我们展示了人性的复杂性和丰富性。
在现实生活中，我们也可以看到这种复杂性和丰富性。
每个人都是一个独特的个体，有着自己的思想和情感。
因此，我们应该尊重每个人的独特性，同时也要理解他们的内心世界。
《呼兰河传》是中国著名作家萧红的一部自传体小说，它描绘了作者在黑龙江呼兰河畔的童年生活。
在这部作品中，圆形人物和扁形人物的形象塑造为读者展现了生动的人物性格和行为表现，对故事情节的发展起到了重要的作用。
本文将就此展开分析。
在《呼兰河传》中，圆形人物的性格和行为表现十分丰富、多元。
以主角萧红为例，她既是一个天真烂漫、善良可爱的小女孩，又有着独立思考和反抗的精神。
浅析《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的人物形象
本科毕业论文题目浅析《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的人物形象学院文学与新闻传播学院专业汉语言文学年级2011 级学号**********姓名汪琴红指导教师陈永兰成绩年月日目录摘要 (1)关键词 (1)Abstract (1)Key Words (1)一、嘉莉的美好形象 (2)（一）美丽单纯 (2)（二）热情而富于青春幻想 (4)（三）努力实现自我 (5)二、嘉莉性格的弊端 (7)（一）贪图物质享乐，爱慕虚荣 (7)（二）道德观念上的模糊与匮乏 (8)（三）观察能力与分析能力尚不成熟 (9)结语 ................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。
注释 . (11)参考文献 (12)浅析《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的人物形象摘要：在德莱塞的长篇小说《嘉莉妹妹》中，女主人公嘉莉表现出了独特的性格特征：一方面她美丽单纯、热情而富于青春幻想，努力实现自我；另一面她贪图物质享乐、爱慕虚荣，观察能力与分析能力尚不成熟，在道德观念方面的匮乏与模糊的性格缺陷也展露无疑。
她身上显现出一个人真正应有的优缺点，展现出了新一代女性的形象。
本文就上述几方面对嘉莉身上所展现的人格魅力进行进一步分析。
关键词：《嘉莉妹妹》正面形象反面形象意识的觉醒Abstract：In Dreiser's novel "Sister Carrie", the heroine Carrie showed a unique character: on theone hand, her beautiful and pure, warm and full of youthful fantasies, and strive to realize the self; the other side she covet material enjoyment, vanity, ability and observation and analysis ability is not mature, the lack of moral concept and fuzzy character defects also showed no doubt. Her show a person really should have advantages and disadvantages, showing a new generation of female image. This paper further analyzes the above several aspects of the show on the Jail Li body charm of personality.Key Words：Conservatism, Sister Carrie, positive image, negative image, The awakening of consciousness故事发生在19世纪末的美国，当时新兴工商业城市相继崛起，大批的乡村人口涌进城市。
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义特征解读
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义特征解读《嘉莉妹妹》是一部充满女性主义特征的文学作品，通过故事中的女性角色和情节展现了女性的自立自强、追求自由平等的精神。
下面将从女性主义的角度对《嘉莉妹妹》进行解读。
作为女性主义文学作品，《嘉莉妹妹》强调了女性的自立自强。
故事中的主人公嘉莉是一个聪明、独立、有主见的女孩，她追求自己的梦想，独立地去做自己认为对的事情，不被社会束缚，不愿意墨守成规。
她不满足于传统的女性角色定位，而是积极地追求进步和自我实现。
在嘉莉的身上，展现了一种坚强、独立的女性形象，这种形象对于当时来说是颠覆性的，也是对传统妇女角色的一种解构和重塑。
《嘉莉妹妹》也呈现了女性追求自由和平等的愿望。
在小说中，嘉莉对自己的命运充满了自主意识，她渴望摆脱家庭和社会的束缚，去追寻自己的理想和幸福。
她不愿意被动地接受命运的安排，而是希望能够拥有自由选择的权利，能够享受与男性平等的社会地位。
这种追求自由和平等的情感，体现了女性对自身权利和地位的关注，呼应了女性主义强调的自由平等原则。
小说中对男女角色的塑造也体现了女性主义的一些特征。
在《嘉莉妹妹》中，男性角色往往被描绘成世俗、功利、冷漠的形象，而女性角色则被赋予了更多的温情、关怀和梦想。
这种塑造方式有助于突显女性在家庭和社会中的特殊作用，以及她们对情感、关怀的重视，从而为女性主义的理念提供了一种对比和支撑。
值得注意的是，《嘉莉妹妹》中的情节安排和主题思想也体现了女性主义的立场和关注点。
小说中反映了女性在婚姻和家庭中的命运困境，以及她们对爱情和自我实现的追求。
同时也探讨了女性在现实生活和内心世界中的矛盾与挣扎，对爱情、婚姻、家庭和自我认同的思考。
这些情节和主题的设计，深刻而真实地展现了女性在当时社会中的生存状态，在思想上对女性问题的认识和关注，体现了作者对女性命运和情感体验的关切和探索。
嘉莉妹妹的人物价值观分析
嘉莉妹妹的人物价值观分析嘉莉妹妹的人物价值观分析1选题的背景、目的和意义背景论文选择了美国19世纪末20世纪初著名小说家西奥多德莱塞的成名之作《嘉莉妹妹》。
《嘉莉妹妹》是美国资本主义城市生活的一面镜子,该小说勾勒了人类历史发展进程中消费社会的一幅幅精彩画面,也对现代生活有很大的启迪作用,特别是在商品经济社会的今天,许多年轻人把金钱当作生活中唯一的追求,我们可以看到作品中人物的影子,这部小说对现代社会具有极大的影响力。
目的《嘉莉妹妹》是他的第一部长篇小说。
德莱塞塑造了不断要实现下一个目标、永不满足的嘉莉妹妹形象,他真实地再现了19世纪末20世纪初的美国大都市生活,把自己的辛酸融入了作品中。
通过作者我们可以去触摸当时的那个社会，人和人之间由于物欲的力量感情已不再是纽带，衡量一个人是否有价值不在于他为社会创造了多少财富，却是看他如何享受这些带来的欢乐，人与人之间进入到了没有感情色彩的地步，文章中的几个人物为了各种的利益不择手段，也被逼无奈的顺从了社会的发展，在嘉莉前行的脚步里，内因是自我造成的，她的价值观发生着变化，对于事物的理解也发生着变化，外因是当时的社会变化影响到了她，其他几个人物价值观同样也发生了扭曲。
一个世纪前的德莱塞,以文献记录般的逼真笔法描写了当时物欲横流的美国社会中人们的命运。
意义一个世纪后正处在社会转型期的今日中国社会中的某些方面和某些阶层的人们,与当今中国社会的某些侧面具有一定程度上的对应性,对金钱的无止境追求,为了物质和金钱而不顾道德和人格,如经营、金融上的欺诈,以金钱的多少来判断人的价值和成功度。
德莱塞的小说对当今人民的思想也有很大的启迪作用。
自20世纪90年代以来,市场经济的游戏规则和商业价值逐渐成为各个领域行为的指挥棒,在利润最大化、合理化的追求中,我国逐渐进入一个消费性的社会。
在商品经济社会的今天,到处充满着物质的诱惑,许多年轻人把金钱视为唯一的追求,我们可以清晰地在身边看到许多当代嘉丽妹妹的影子。
摇椅上的命运——《嘉莉妹妹》人物形象简析
收稿日期：2012－01－25作者简介：黄鸣（1958－），女，河南新蔡人，高级讲师，主要从事英语语言文学研究。
第28卷第5期2012年5月商丘师范学院学报JOURNAL OF SHANGQIU NORMAL UNIVERSITY Vol．28No．5May．2012摇椅上的命运———《嘉莉妹妹》人物形象简析黄鸣（郑州市财税学校，河南郑州450048）摘要：西奥多·德莱赛的小说《嘉莉妹妹》，讲述了农村姑娘嘉莉来到大城市寻找幸福的故事。
小说中嘉莉妹妹和赫斯特伍德的命运不同，造成他们不同命运的根源在于社会环境和各自的性格。
《嘉莉妹妹》体现了作者的自然主义、女权主义及现实主义文学思想。
关键词：《嘉莉妹妹》；社会环境；性格；文学思想中图分类号：I106.4文献标识码：A文章编号：1672－3600（2012）05－0078－03西奥多·德莱赛（1871－1945）是美国文学史上一位举足轻重的作家，他是美国现代小说的先驱和代表作家，被认为是同海明威、福克纳并列的美国现代小说的三巨头之一。
发表于1900年的《嘉莉妹妹》是他的第一部长篇小说。
小说在美国文坛上一出现，就引起了强烈的反响。
《先驱时报》将德莱赛视为美国的左拉，认为《嘉莉妹妹》是一部伟大的美国小说。
而斯图尔特·舍曼则对《嘉莉妹妹》持否定态度，他在《西奥多·德莱赛先生的自然主义》一文中指出，德莱赛没有真实地描写美国社会的人，而是将人视为动物。
舍曼认为，“现实主义小说表现人的行为，而自然主义小说则表现动物行为”［1］132。
由此可见，在批判德莱赛的同时，舍曼连整个自然主义文学也一起否定了。
本文通过对主人公嘉莉妹妹和赫斯特伍德的不同命运的分析，来揭示作者的自然主义、女权主义和现实主义文学思想。
一、嘉莉妹妹与赫斯特伍德的命运（一）嘉莉妹妹的命运嘉莉妹妹出生在一个工人阶级家庭，她虚荣心很强，向往大城市的奢华生活。
当她离开小城镇的时候，她是那么的天真、纯洁、无知，她相信每个人都有机会变富，而芝加哥遍地铺满了财富。
《嘉莉妹妹赏析》word资料6页
《嘉莉妹妹赏析》1.德莱赛和主人公嘉莉1.1 德莱赛德莱赛出生于美国印度安娜州的特雷霍特。
青少年时期生活贫困，中学之后便自谋生计，他做过刷碗工，洗衣工，检票员，记者这些工作形象都可在他日后的作品中找到原型。
一位美国作家曾在获得诺贝尔文学奖的时候说：如果你们把奖授予给德莱赛，你们将听到美国人民歇斯底里的呻吟声，在德莱赛的世界里，男人和女人不再充满活力，不再有欢歌笑语，不再有道德贞操。
他们是充满罪恶的，令人绝望的，也必然是悲剧的。
德莱赛是美国著名的现实主义作家，在嘉莉妹妹这部作品中，作者娴熟地运用自然主义的创作手法，使作品具有极强的社会表现力。
因此，这本书受到了人们的广泛关注。
我国著名作家瞿秋白高度赞扬他是描述美国生活的伟大作家。
1.2 主人公嘉莉生活状况的改变故事发生在19世纪80年代末90年代初，女主角嘉莉出生在芝加哥附近的一个农村，她的家庭环境及其困窘。
当嘉莉登上开往芝加哥的火车时，她的全部行囊包括一个小箱子，一个廉价的仿鳄鱼皮挎包，一个黄色钱包，里面装着火车票和一张破旧的写着姐姐地址的纸条，还有四块钱。
她的第一份工作每周的工资只有4.5美元，而且还要支付食宿费给姐姐。
后来，当他成为百老汇著名女演员的时候，他每周的工资是150美元，这在当时可是一大笔钱呀。
出名后的嘉莉有了车马，有了豪宅，她得到了她所梦想的一切物质需要。
1.3 嘉莉的性格农村的生活环境造就了主人公嘉莉朴素天真无邪而且性格内向的女孩，这一点从她在火车上的表现就可以看出来，当她在火车上时，她不知道如何与人陌生人沟通，但她的魅美丽有吸引着车上很多异性的目光，当杜洛埃为她介绍窗外的风景的时候，她胆怯的回答着。
她的纯洁让杜洛埃感到她的青春与朝气…感到神清气爽，好像在烈日炎炎的夏季突然吹过一阵清凉的春风。
到了小说的最后，我们又看到了嘉莉善良的一面，碰到赫斯渥看到他悲惨的现状时，她感到很内疚，并且拿出了她钱包里所有钱给了她曾经的情人。
另一方面，嘉莉也是一个充满幻想与欲望的女孩，她虽然单纯美好却也虚荣造作，她对美好物质生活的强烈向往，使她不甘心于呆在贫穷，狭窄的山村，所以她选择来到芝加哥寻找她的美国梦。
嘉莉妹妹中嘉莉的人物性格分析
《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的人物性格分析An Analysis of Carrie's Character inSister CarrieAbstract: This thesis will make a brief interpretation to social criticism of Theodore Dreiser's first masterpiece Sister Carrie. It tells a story of a girl, Carrie,who was reduced from an innocent city immigrant to a commodity, andfinally to an actress by the city environment which was permeated with anatmosphere of ceaseless commercialization. Until now, Sister Carrie isstill controversial book. And the thesis will mainly analyse Carrie'scharacter, external and internal factors affecting her and the growth of herindependent consciousness. According to those analyses, we know thisbook is still a wake-up call and its significance of social criticism doesn'tdetract at all with time gone. It is worthwhile to read again.Key words: Carrie; analysis of character; social criticism摘要：这篇论文将对西奥多·德莱塞的第一部代表作《嘉莉妹妹》的社会批判意义做一简要阐述。
嘉莉妹妹中嘉莉的人物性格分析
本文从人性和社会发展背景的角度深入分析了《嘉莉妹妹》的主人公嘉莉妹妹的性格特征。对积极适应社会需要,实现自我价值的女性表示赞赏。在嘉莉身上体现的乐观的生活态度,逆境中的坚强,面对挫折不向命运屈服的这些难能可贵的品质是任何时代都值得称颂的。
故事发生在十九世纪八十年代末和九十年代初的芝加哥和纽约。小说主要围绕女主人公嘉莉和赫斯特伍德展开。嘉莉出生在芝加哥附近的农村。她家境贫寒，但她虚荣心很强，向往城市的富裕生活。她较为典型地代表了当时一心想往上爬的美国下层人民。然而，她到了芝加哥后马上就成了失业大军中的一员，陷入贫困和疾病的泥潭。这时，嘉莉意识到贫富的极大差异性：一方面是贫困潦倒，另一方面是朱门酒肉臭。她依靠做工获得她幻想的幸福是不可能的了。于是她先后成了青年推销员德鲁埃和酒店经理赫斯特伍德的情人。后来，她在纽约偶然成了一位名演员，挤入了资产阶级的“上流”社会。这时的嘉莉发现她原来梦想的生活并不是那么诱人了，相反，她发现自己非常空虚和无聊。德莱塞在此小说中还刻意描写了赫斯特伍德。他是美国上层社会的一个成员。在物质上，他过着优裕富足的生活，但在精神上，他却是个十足的贫困儿。他与妻子和子女缺乏交流，没有感情。因此，他遇到嘉莉后立即“感觉到她的青春与朝气……感到神清气爽，好像在烈日炎炎的夏季突然吹过一阵清凉的春风”，并对她倾心相爱。他与嘉莉的性关系被发现后，他受到舆论的指责，因此而身败名裂。
《嘉莉妹妹》女主人公性格分析
《嘉莉妹妹》女主人公性格分析[摘要] 嘉莉，德莱塞《嘉莉妹妹》一文中的女主角，带着她的“美国梦”，为了摆脱贫困来到大城市—芝加哥。
本文通过其与两个男人的关系和她的生活环境揭示嘉莉多变的性格。
在经历了失业，到成为一个富人的情妇，最后到著名的舞蹈家，嘉利经历了幻想，追求，动摇和堕落这一历程。
本文将嘉莉的心路历程融合进她的性格分析来了解嘉利的性格变化。
[关键词] 嘉莉“美国梦” 多变的性格心路历程一、导言西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser，1871-1945）是20世纪美国自然主义小说的代表作家。
他的第一部长篇小说《嘉莉妹妹》，描述了女主人公嘉莉从一位农村姑娘变成纽约百老汇著名演员的整个过程，并对其生命沉浮中的种种心理变化进行了细致刻画。
小说不仅揭露了美国社会的贫富悬殊和道德沦丧，而且反映的道德观念也一反传统，因为嘉莉最终非但没有为其堕落行为受到惩罚，反而红极一时。
因此，在1900年11月一经问世便激起轩然大波，也从而引发了文学界长达三十余年的激烈争议，直至最终获得公众认可被推崇为经典之作。
但是，小说诞生一百多年后的今天，人们对嘉莉妹妹的性格特点仍然颇有争议。
而本文试从嘉莉妹妹自身特点和心理因素及当时的社会环境两方面来分析嘉莉的性格；且认为是内部和外部因素共同导致嘉莉的变化。
二、嘉莉妹妹的性格分析2.1乡下纯美的嘉莉嘉莉居住的村庄平静而和谐，绿色田野一望无际，小溪潺潺流动，人们善良纯洁。
这种环境下培养了嘉莉天真和富有想像力的个性。
19世纪末，随着工业时代和资本主义企业的蓬勃发展，消费热潮在芝加哥尤其盛行。
嘉莉怀揣着对大都市繁华生活的幻想，压住对家人故土的留恋，带着仅有的四块钱踏上了去往芝加哥的火车。
在车上结识了年轻的推销员杜洛埃。
这是一个穿着时髦，油腔滑调的情场老手。
对他的百般殷勤嘉莉深受感动，尤其是对芝加哥繁华景象的描述，使嘉莉倍感兴趣。
德莱塞在他的叙述中非常巧妙地设立了诱惑。
《嘉莉妹妹》女性角色全面解读5页word
《嘉莉妹妹》女性角色全面解读《嘉莉妹妹》[1]是20世纪美国现实主义作家德莱塞(1871～1945)创作的长篇小说,小说的背景是19世纪末20世纪初,美国在第二次工业革命推动下,工业总产量跃居世界第一,成为全球经济霸主,经济腾飞不可避免地带来意识形态的变化。
按照美国社会传统观念,妇女的职责应以相夫教子为主,因此,选择一门般配的婚姻,进而做一名贤妻良母,依然是当时社会的主流。
然而在世纪交接的转折年代,社会文化和价值观也悄悄发生着变迁。
《嘉莉妹妹》中登场的几位具有代表性的女性角色的家庭背景和生活经历就生动地折射出了许多妇女在那个年代迥然不同的人生。
根据不同阶层和年龄段,可将这些女性分类如下:一.中产阶层已婚妇女(赫斯特渥太太、凡斯太太)赫斯特渥太太是酒店经理之妻,年过四十,风韵犹存,看似家庭富足,儿女双全,然而虚荣与爱攀比的性格使她与丈夫越来越缺少真正的交流。
当她发现丈夫有外遇时,并未立即发作,而是设法搜集证据,积蓄力量,一旦时机成熟,便采取果断强硬的态度提出离婚,并在赫斯特渥离开芝加哥后占有了全部财产。
假如说日常生活的不和是潜伏的感情危机,遭遇丈夫背叛后的行动更进一步说明从前的模范夫妇只是假象。
儿女是她炫耀的资本,丈夫是她获得物质享受的工具,一切尽在精明又冷酷的赫斯特渥太太掌握之中。
凡斯太太是嘉莉在纽约认识的好友,青春美貌,精通钢琴,倍受丈夫宠爱。
她每天关注流行时尚,精心打扮,到百老汇路上与其他太太小姐们争艳斗俏,去戏院看戏,上餐厅吃饭,还经常旅行,生活五光十色,丰富多彩。
当她登门拜访韦勒(赫斯特渥在纽约的化名)夫妇,发现他们经济落入困顿时,便自动不再往来,直至嘉莉成为知名女演员,又自然而然地恢复了两人的旧交情。
中产阶层是社会的中坚力量,这一阶层的已婚妇女通常受过良好的教育,她们的丈夫都拥有稳定的职业和社会地位,家庭消费能力也还令人满意,但是人的欲望总是高出自身承受能力,从赫斯特渥太太和凡斯太太的例子中可以看出,不断的炫耀和攀比是她们日常生活的重要组成部分,房产、马车、珠宝、服装、外出旅游等都是她们的较量品,加上门当户对的婚姻本就缺乏感情基础,长此以往,夫妇貌合神离也就不足为奇了。
《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的性格分析
An Analysis of the Personalities of Sister Carriein Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的性格分析摘要《嘉莉妹妹》是美国小说家西奥多·德莱塞的第一部长篇小说, 嘉莉妹妹是文中的主角，作品揭露出一位在现实社会生活中温柔，善良，美丽的社会乡村少女在资本主义社会环境中转变成为独立，自信，聪明，优雅，有内涵的新女性，刚开始嘉莉妹妹把自己的希望寄托在男性身上，结果自己遭受了两次欺骗，到后来她认识到只有通过自己的努力才能改变自己的命运。
最终她通过自己努力和才能登上百老汇红五星舞台，成为一名大都市独立的新型女性。
本文旨在通过对嘉莉妹妹的性格分析，使读者清楚地认识到成为一名新时代的独立的女性，不能把希望依赖于别人，只有通过自己的努力才可以实现自我的价值，并最终取得成功。
同时新时代的女性首先应该在经济上独立，从而获得人格上的独立，赢得别人的尊重，而嘉莉妹妹正是通过依靠自己才成为了一名经济独立，而又有自信和内涵的新女性。
关键词：嘉莉妹妹；性格分析；性格形成原因；作者写作目的AbstractSister Carrie is written by American Theodore Dreiser. Sister Carrie is leading role. In the works, Sister Carrie is described as a gentle, kind-hearted, beautiful, country girl, eventually; she turns into be a independent, confident, smart, elegant, new metropolis female. In the beginning, she puts her hope on male. Unfortunately she is deceived twice by men. In the end she appears on Broadway red throne through her hard efforts and becomes a new independent metropolis female.This article, aiming at the analysis of sister Carrie’s characters, introduces readers a new independent female who can’t rely hope on anybody only through her own efforts to achieve self-value and success. At first, a new female must obtain economical independence to gain personal independence, and win the respect of others. Owning to her efforts, Sister Carrie becomes a female with financial independence, confidence and inner beauty.Key Words: Sister Carrie; character analysis; cause of formation; the writer’s writing purposeContents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1. Introduction (1)2. The Characters of Sister Carrie (1)2.1 Innocence and Simplicity (1)2.2 The Character of Sister Carrie after Her Coming into City (2)2.2.1 Her Diligence and Gumption (2)2.2.2 Her Romantism and Realism (3)2.2.3 Her Independence and Persistence (4)2.2.4 A Forceful Woman in Life (4)3. The Reasons of the Formation of Sister Carrie’s Later Personalities (5)3.1 Internal Causes (5)3.1.1 The Backgroud of Family (5)3.1.2 Rebellious Character (6)3.2 External Causes (6)3.2.1 The Background of Capitalism and Consumerism (6)3.2.2 The Influence of Individual Experience (7)4. Defects of Sister Carrie’s Personality (7)4.1 Her Vanity (7)4.2 The Lack of Rational Education (8)5. The Writer’s purpose (9)6. Conclusion (9)Bibliography (12)Acknowledgments (13)1. IntroductionSister Carrie is the first novel written by the American novelist Theodore Dreiser When the industrial and commercial cities have been rising, a large number of rural population have poured into the city. Carrie,eighteen years old, a smart and simple girl, in order to get rid of poverty, boards on a train to Chicago with only four U.S., hoping to have a better life. However, the harsh reality breaks her dream because of her unemployment and disease. In desperation, she becomes the mistress of the salesman Chas.H.Drouet, and then she comes across a hotel manager, G.W. Hurstwood who was attracted by her simple beauty. Hurstwood lures Carrie to New York, stealing the money of the hotel. In New York, because of Hurstwood’s deteriorating economy and unemployment, Carrie is forced to find job. Then she earns their living by hard work. Finally, owing to chance, she becomes a popular actress, squeezing into the high society and abandons poor Hurstwood. Carrie is famous for her persistence and effort. But she is not happy, even feels lonely.This paper is divided into six sections. The first chapter introduces the background of Sister Carrie. The second chapter reviews the characters of Sister Carrie. At first the personalities of Sister Carrie is analyzed in the rural areas, and then the characters of Sister Carrie is analyzed in the city. The third chapter analyses the reasons of Sister C arrie’s personality’s formation. The fourth chapter tells Sister C arrie’s defects of personality.The fifth chapter analyses the writer’s intention. In the last chapter the Sister C arrie’s characters are summarized.Duing to her complicated characteristic, a few questions need to be asked. What kind of person she is? What are the causing factors to the formation of her characters? What are defects in her personality and why does the author create such a character?2. The Characters of Sister Carrie2.1 Innocence and SimplicityIn the first place, she is a brave girl.“When Sister Carrie boarded the afternoontrain for Chicago, her total outfit consisted of a small trunk, a cheap imitation alligator-skin satchel, a small lunch in a paper box, and a yellow leather snap purse, containing her ticket, scrap of paper with her sister’ s address in Van Buren Street, and four dollars in money,”(Theodore Dreiser,1981:1-2)from the paragraph, we can see she is a courageous girl. When Sister Carrie goes out alone with little money, she is only eighteen years old. In the second place, she is easy to be moved by heterosexual complaisance and sweet words at the train for Chicago. She encounters Drouet on the train for Chicago and after getting off the train, Drouet asks for taking the package for Carrie, she says, “Very kind of you.” and feels that it is really lucky to get such a complaisant care in a strange land. Besides, at the train she gives a heterosexual stranger her address after they communicate with each other after a while without the vigilanceIn conclusion, it can be seen that Sister Carrie is brave, innocent and simple.2.2 The Character of Sister Carrie after Her Coming into city2.2.1 Her Diligence and GumptionCarrie’s diligences are found expression in the work. She goes out to find a job the next day she arrives in Chicago. For running all day, she finally finds a job in a shoes factory with a payment of five point four dollars every week. Though having to work long hours in a poor working condition with a low pay, long working hours, poor working conditions, she endures that. Later because she wears thin clothes, she gets a cold and loses her job. If she does not find a job, her sister wants to ask her to go home. But she does not give up living in Chicago; finally she becomes the mistress of Drouet. And at that time, the Masonic which Drouet belonged to is performing a “fund-raising Play”. At the meantime, the play lacks of heroine. Drouet asks Carrie to have a try, so Carrie replies to try. From that moment Carrie practices painstakingly at home every day and then it is a good choice to get rid of privation. So she knows that if she wants to succeed, she has to work hard and finally Carrie performs this role successfully. This experience lays a solid foundation for her to success in the Broadway. Hurstwood lures Carrie to New York and they lives together. Carrie is a housewife in her first time, before Hurstwood loses his job and stays at home. Theenvironment is getting increasingly embarrassment; Carrie has to go out to look for a job to do. Although she is only a humble chorus actor in a choir, then she does not give up hope and makes an effort, eventually she becomes more and more popular, enjoying a prosperous life. Without her hard work, Carrie could not have been successful at last. Her gumption is expressed in the way how she improves herself. In Chicago, Carrie learns the conversations and manners of the people in graded society.2.2.2 Her Romantism and RealismHer romance is reflected in her illusion. Her romantic fantasy is that she will eventually get back as long as she works hard. Only in this way her hard work will not be wasted. After she finds a even low-paid job, she imagines that she will be happy. Her fantasy is that she has a nice future than before—live a happy life waiting for her “For the next day Carrie indulge d in the most high-flows peculation. Her fancy plunged recklessly into privileges and amusements which would have been much more becoming had she been cradled a child of fortune. With ready will and quick mental selection she scattered her illusion four-fifty per week with a swift and graceful hand. Indeed, as she sat in her rocking-chair these several evenings before going to bed and looked out upon the pleasantly lighted street, this money cleared for its prospective possessor the way to every joy and every bauble which the heart of woman may desire. I will have a fine time, she thought”(Theodore Dreiser,1981:1-3). But her fantasy is soon shattered, and in this competitive metropolis, it is very difficult for one without any experience to find a work. Earning four point five dollars salary per week and working in poor condition are almost unbearable for her. Besides she also needs to pay her sister and brother-in-law for food. The rest of salary is not enough to offer her necessaries. Moreover her job is lost, because she is ill for three days. Her romance is also reflected in her emotional fantasies. Her first fantasy is that Chas.H.Drouet will marry her after she becomes his mistress. When she comes cross Mr.G.W.Hurstwood and lives together with him. Her second fancy is that she and Hurstwood will have an ideal combination. But the Drouet does not really want to marry her, and then the Hurstwood just avoids his wife’s outrage and rudeness to find a safe haven. Finally her emotional illusions have been shattered totally. Althoughachieving fame and fortune, she still is not happy, even Hurstwood has returned his original beauty and glory, he could not allure her. She knows that these material substances are not happiness in her own present state. Fame is not everything. She has twice been deceived by men, so that she no longer holds the magic about life and love. Her romance is because she does not understand that social competition is brutal, sinister. What’s more she does not get the people’s hearts. Her reality is because life hones church she no longer easily believes a man. Only by own efforts to live the life you want.2.2.3 Her Independence and PersistenceCarrie’s independence is not spontaneous, but is forced out. She comes to Chicago to stay with her sister and brother-in-law’s home and ha s to look for a job by herself, and then when she gets a job, she must pay the meals for her sister. After she is unemployed, she is not welcomed; they propose her to return home. At that time Carrie encounters Drouet when she is in distress, and she takes him as the last straw, which makes her abandon relations to go alone. And breaking up with Drouet, she has to find a job again. Later she is lured to New York by Hurstwood, Carrie cannot stand with poor life, and Hurstwood cannot find jobs. Their life has a problem, so she goes out again to look for a job, and tries several times. And finally she becomes a famous actress in the Broadway in a small chorus. Her persistence is embodied in searching jobs. In a prosperous city, she cannot find job after running all day. But she doesn't give up. At that time, she is only an eighteen years old. Although feeling shy and ashamed, she is full of courage to have a try. Finally, she obtains job through her efforts. In the end she becomes a famous actor and gets success through her persistence.2.2.4 A Forceful Woman in LifeCarrie dares to face the difficulties of life, and takes an optimistic attitude to face the difficulties. When she arrives in Chicago, in order to adapt to living in a flourishing city, she begins to change her mind. She does not only simply abandon the lifestyle of her mother’s generation, but also makes efforts to adapt to the new way of life in modern America. At first the initial stage of herself-fashioning, when Carrielives with her sister Minnie, she begins to focus on self-fashioning. She separates from her sister Minnie, because her sister is a traditional woman who is busy with household chores every day and seems to have lost herself, and the thought of tradition life is what Carrie wants to abandon, so Carrie would like to choose a new way of life. Carrie earns money to buy beautiful clothes for her and wants to go entertainment. She knows what kinds of life she wants. When living into the apartment with Drouet, Carrie starts to model herself in ideal. In addition to cultivate her, Carrie pays attention to the behavior and wants to be more elegant as well as more temperament. As a result, she becomes a quite charming girl. At the same time, she walks in graceful footsteps, not so heavy, she is beautiful and elegant. Eventually Mrs. Vance introduces her cousin Armstrong to Carrie; Armstrong’s thoughts have influence on Carrie about having a great degree, which makes her pursue the spiritual world from the initial simple material desires to the pursuit of art. That makes Carrie begin to realize that the pursuit of material comfort is not enough; the pursuit of spirit is the most important to her.3.The Reasons of t he Formation of Sister Carrie’s Later Personalities 3.1 Internal Causes3.1.1 The Backgroud of FamilyOrigin often leaves imprint in one’s personality or inner world. Carrie’s extreme thirst for material and her lack of rational are found a little clue in her early life in Colombia. She is afraid of returning home. Her sympathy for the poor and downtrodden people, as well as fear about the fate dating back to her father’s life mixed with complex feelings of pity and shame. Therefore, she has to be persistent in finding a job and offer fundamental life by herself. Walking in the streets of the city, she sees the clothes shabby girl and despair of those pale and shabbily dressed men; she will bit her lip with standing. Although the principle is often nagging around her ears, but it can’t save herself from her strong fear of being likely to suffer that fate. So she wants to make her every effort to achieve her goal. Carrie’s mind can’t defuse thetension of painful memories from the childhood which is most clearly seen in her relationship with men. Carrie measures their value directly whether they offer her food, shelter, clothing and pleasure within the capacity of the external factors, which is call of her nature. She continuously obtains material substances from men when she is missing something. Unfortunately she always suffers pain. Finally she reaches her dream by her efforts and independence.3.1.2 Rebellious CharacterLeaving a tearful mother, Carrie boards on train to a strange and complicated big city. We could feel tne courage of an 18 years old young girl and the heart of the rebel. With a taste prosperity of Chicago, she soon begins to resist common lifestyle of the brother-in-law. Then, just as leaving her hometown in Wisconsin, Carrie once again escapes from the residence of a brother-in-law, matting her relationship with a man’s privacy. This is the strongest hint of rebel, and also leaves a clue that she doesn’t only actualize herself, but also becomes new metropolis female.3.2 External Causes3.2.1 The Background of Capitalism and ConsumerismThe background of the novel is based on the economic condition in nineteenth century early USA dominated by agriculture. The transition from agricultural economy depending on family to capitalist economy relying on operating capitalism mainly is based on the development of industry in nineteenth century. Working out of the family is more and more prevalent. Meanwhile women at the nearest large cities search for work, which reflects an international trend. Women start to work out of the family and pursue themselves. By 1890, the national labor consists of 17% women. Thanks to capitalism and consumerism background, the traditional idea that women should pay totally attention to husband and children converts to working out of family. Sister Carrie is one of women working out of the family.Capitalist economic development relies on the rapid transfer of products from producers to consumers. The most important social changes described in the novel is from the production to consumption. On the one hand the mass retail has wider implications; on the other hand customers benefit from low prices and a wide range ofoptions. In this way the consumers are related with consumption. Particularly, Sister Carrie is a potential consumer who desires to control her fate and reach her goal. She realizes that she needs to get her dream through hard effort. So capitalism background is an indispensable element for Carrie to model a new metropolis female.3.2.2 The Influence of Individual ExperienceChicago is a city full of hope, luck and rise. At the beginning of the novel author wants to preach a concept “the city is full of cunning deception, rather than any man in Chicago attracted heroines”. Carrie looks forward to Chicago “a huge magnet, attracting people full of hope and despair from all sides”. But in fact she suffers failure at first. In Chicago, she meets a salesman Drouet and falls in love with him. She wants to be his wife and waits for a long time. In the end, she is conscious of her innocence. Drouet just regards her as a mistress, besides, Drouet is dissolute. He can’t give Sister Carrie a good future. When she is confused, she comes across Hurstwood and is attracted by him. She falls in love again; unfortunately she is deceived by Hurstwood. When she lives with Hurstwood in New York,she goes out for hunting a job. Finally she leaves Hurstwood. Fortunately, she realizes her dream by herself, and becomes a famous actress. Her independence and effort can be dated back to her experience. It helps Carrie accomplish her success.4. Defects of Sister Carrie’s Personality4.1 Her VanityCarrie is a woman with strong vanity and desire for material which leads her to become a victim of the two men-Drouet and Hurstwood, which also contributes to her success in the future. She is always yearning for clothes and Jewelry, so when she goes to the department store to look for a job, Carrie is attracted by each item whether it is cheap trinkets, or expensive jewelry. Each piece is attracted to her. She wants to wear all the jewelry and desires to have them all. That delicate slippers and stockings, trimmed with beautiful trim skirts and petticoats, all every color of the lace, ribbons, combs, and flower package, what a wonderful thing if she can have them all. Herheart is filled with the desire of possessing them. Later she lives in New York with Hurstwood in some time and once the next door neighbor－Mrs. Vance invites her to the theater. Her vanity is revealed totally by the comparisons with Mrs. Vance. Carrie thinks she is pretty enough, but when compared with Mrs. Vance, she is not pretty at all. How could Mrs. Vance have so many cute little things? Carrie feels more uncomfortable when she goes on the street with Mrs. Vance, because it is filled with strong rich and flaunted atmosphere in the street, she thinks she is incompatible in this atmosphere. The fact is that that she could never have the bright appearance like Mrs.Vance’s, which makes she feel very pain. Later she vows that she would dress more gorgeously and come here again. At the same time, she is eager to dress gorgeously to show off in public place. Carrie’s vanity is manifested in her desire for goods and the comparisons with others, and is displayed in her pursuit of fame and fortune, too. Because her vanity makes her not satisfy her present status, so that she goes out of the circle of her own life, and ultimately, she obtains success and feels that she has been looked forward to.To sum up, Carrie is to adored materials to control her desire for pursuing fame and status. Fortunately she gains success.4.2 Lack of Rational EducationCarrie is often fallen by external environment, which, especially, is reflected in her emotional affairs. She is always easily controlled by men, partly because she makes every decision depending on someone’s ideas. Partly because she is lack of education, then it is an essential factor for her to master her fate. Lacking of knowledge leads to her weakness. There is none of family education in her childhood. The only way to consult is to listen to instruction of her father who carefully explains everything. When Carrie is not able to find correct direction from her experience, her conscience is her honest and knowledgeable adviser. Carrie is not educated; she does not have chance to learn knowledge from books that is a closed garden to her. She comes to the city in order to look for the greatest happiness in life.5. The Writer’s PurposeFrom the above analysis, it is obvious to see that Carrie is an hard-working, romantic and persistent woman who is fond of pursuing fame and vanity. Certainly, what is the purpose of the author to shape such a character? There are two reasons. Firstly, in order to highlight the characteristics of naturalism, the author writes Sister Carrie that is embodied the character of Naturalistic literary. One of the purposes of shaping figure in this works is to reflect naturalistic features. The natural feature is that people need to grasp every opportunity to work hard in a competitive society in order to success. On the contrary, the author models a loser－Hurstwood. He is no longer young and capable. Eventually he makes a choice to commit suicide. This is the naturalistic Portrayal. Secondly, when Theodore Dreiser creates Sister Carrie, Darwin’s theory of evolution and survival of the fittest theory are prevailing. Consumption ideology emphasizes people on costing and occupying things. The idea of possession weakens the traditional thrift, savings, and automation ethic. When Dreiser writes Sister Carrie, American women have begun to be affected by consumerism. They begin to challenge traditional moral standards. On the one hand, they no longer believe that the responsibility of women is to help husband and teach children. On the other hand, women should stay at home to do housework. On the contrary, women think they should have their job and earn money by themselves to enjoy life.6. ConclusionThrough hard work, Carrie is turned into a successful actress from an innocent village girl. During this process Sister Carrie is shaped to a new female character. Carrie is no longer manipulated by any man. On the contrary, with an independent career, she is independent in economic, which finally helps her become an independent woman, and realizes the independence of personality. Carrie becomes brave and mature through searching for job. Her success is accompanied by performance talent and her efforts, however in this process; her consciousness hasbeen awakened at the bottom of her heart. It is reviewed by the Dreiser in his book, It is a feature for a woman to be protected, supported and loved. But the power of women is suppressed by the tradition concept. Carrie is conscious of her acting abilities by chance, but she has been accustomed to live comfortably under the male protection so as to refuse to face up to own strengths. She does not fully display her talent until she is frustrated with men. For example, when she learns that Hurstwood cheats on her and then Drouet leaves her, eventually she decides to go out looking for a job. She has needs, but she is not amenable to be tricked or to be bribed by any men. She is going to support herself. This concept helps Carrie develop women’s self-awakening. Furthermore, Carrie finds job in the cinema. It is compared with former jobs, even though it is still not easy, she adds a lot of courage. Besides when Hurstwood is out of job, Carrie attempts to look for a job. Finally she decides to go to a play regardless of her husband’s objection. This job is twice as hard as the former, but Carrie gets a position in the chorus by her tenacity and courage .Her talent is soon recognized. Carrie begins to realize own strength in the promoting process. A man a little word, will not make her mind again. She knows men every well, which eventually creates the Sister Carrie’s image. She walks out of the small world of her family. She, among the public field, gains economic independence, which is a prerequisite for women to seek to further pursuit based on financial independence. Carrie once has previously relied on Drouet and Hurstwood to get happiness before obtaining self-reliance. She wants to marry Drouet who refuses her. Immediately, she changes her hopes on Hurstwood who turns out to be impossible. And she’s like an object, from one man to another man. Because Carrie is not economically independent, it is pointless to talk about personal independence. Eventually, Carrie becomes a famous actress and achieves her worth. She no longer needs to rely on anyone and she also gets honor. Obviously, Carrie achieves real personality independence after being economical independence.Sister Carrie eventually becomes a new woman; of course there are also limitations in her personality. However, she dares to pursue individual liberation; meanwhile she also actively seizes the opportunity to adapt to the social progress. Onthe contrary, compared with her sister－Minnie Vance , Hurstwood’s wife and other female characters, she can be regarded as a representative of the females.Bibliography[1] Matthaei,J.A. An Economic History of Women in America. New York:Schocken.1982:10-12.[2] Theodore Dreiser. Sister Carrie. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching andStudying Press , 1981 : 136.[3] Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie.The Pennsylvania Edition. New York: Penguin.1981:1-3.[4] Woolfolk,A. Educational Psychology.The United States of America: A Division ofSimon&Schuster,Inc.1993:50-52.[5] 霍顿，罗德. 美国文学思想背景[M]. 人民文学出版社,1991:2-5.[6] 方华文. 嘉莉妹妹[M].译林出版社:2011:7-9.[7] 蒋道超. 德莱塞研究[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2002 : 125.[8] 蒋道超. 德莱塞研究[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2002 : 222.[9] 史志康. 美国文学背景概观[M]. 上海外语教育出版社, 1998:24-26.[10] 王钢华. 嘉莉妹妹的欲望和驱动力[J].外国文学研究,2002,12(3):8.AcknowledgmentsFirstly, I would like to express my gratitude to all the people who helped me during the writing of this paper. Without their help, this thesis would have been impossible.I am extremely grateful to my tutor XXX for her valuable direction and suggestion, for her constant encouragement and generosity in spending her precious time on my paper.Special thanks go to the Anyang normal college humanistic management university where gives me the opportunity to study my favorite major English teaching. Therefore I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the respectful teachers who have taught me during my undergraduate study.Last but not least, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my dear parents, for their encouragement and always supporting me to finish this thesis.。
英语毕业论文《嘉莉妹妹》中的新女性形象分析
(英语毕业论文)《嘉莉妹妹》中的新女性形象分析————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作1 商务合同中的语篇衔接分析2 An Analysis of the Problems on Chinese Early Childhood Education3 论《傲慢与偏见》中婚姻选择的经济动因4 On the Female Image in The Oval Portrait5 从消费心理学角度谈汽车品牌名称的翻译6 论《呼啸山庄》中的象征主义运用7 伊恩.麦克尤恩作品《赎罪》中的成长主题探析8 Three Discriminations to Little Black American Girls in The Bluest Eye9 从麦琪的礼物中折射出欧亨利对已故妻子的爱10 论《德伯维尔家的苔丝》中的环境描写－－－－从视觉和听学的角度11 论中美家庭教育的差异12 外语学习中学习动机的影响13 创世神话与民族特性—《旧约》与中国古代民间传说14 英语演讲语篇中的parallelism及其汉译策略—以奥巴马就职演说稿为例15 论《教授的房子》中圣彼得教授对自我的追求16 The Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Tess in Tess of The D'Urbervilles17 英语教学中非言语交流与跨文化交际中能力的培养18 分析《嘉莉妹妹》中赫斯渥的人物形象19 从《阿甘正传》看美国青年文化20 A Paralysed Wilderness—The Appreciation and Analysis of Symbols in Araby21 男女二元等级对立的颠覆－－《奥兰多》之女性主义解读22 文化差异对英语阅读的影响23 高中英语任务型语法教学初探24 Existentialism in Pride and Prejudice25 从"龙"一词的文化内涵看汉英文化的差异26 归化和异化策略在《红楼梦》文化负载词翻译中的应用27 试析海明威《丧钟为谁而鸣》中的人物形象28 女性社会价值的深情呼唤—小说《到灯塔去》中拉姆齐夫人和莉丽人物形象的对比研究29 音意兼译—外来词中译之首选法30 论《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公对真爱的追求31 欧亨利与马克吐温的讽刺对比——以短篇小说为例32 浅谈涉外谈判礼仪的重要性33 试论班扬《天路历程》中基督徒的精神历程34 广告语的特点及其翻译技巧35 A Probe into Charles Dickens’ Family Values Reflected in A Christmas Carol36 《理智与情感》中的婚姻37 从原型批评理论来看<<哈利波特>>系列小说中的人物原型38 《看不见的人》的主人公形象解析39 A Study on Problems and Strategies in Phonetic Teaching of Spoken English in JEFC40 李白《静夜思》六种英译本的对比研究41 浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵及翻译42 The differences on advertising translations under the Chinese and Western cultures43 浅析美国传奇总统的共性44 英汉习语翻译中文化意象的转换45 论《儿子与情人》中“花”的象征意义46 论《红字》中海斯特的抗争与命运47 弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫《海浪》的叙事技巧分析48 美国基督新教与中国儒家的伦理道德的比较49 从精神分析学角度探究《呼啸山庄》中的希斯克里夫50 简爱的独立性格剖析51 女性主义视角下的《了不起的盖茨比》52 凯特.肖邦小说《觉醒》中的超验主义思想分析53 《抽彩》和《蝇王》的艺术魅力比较54 撒旦和孙悟空的形象和文化内涵对比55 经典英语电影台词的语言特征和文化态度56 大学英语四级考试的效度57 论《杀死一只知更鸟》中的象征58 解读布莱克的《伦敦》与华兹华斯的《在西敏寺桥上》的诗歌异同59 合作学习在初中英语写作教学中应用的可行性研究60 浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉的悲剧根源61 从《绝望主妇》析字幕翻译的目的和归化策略62 从关联理论的角度看科技英语翻译63 中美大学课堂文化比较研究64 《西风颂》两个汉译版本的文体分析65 比较研究王维与华兹华斯的自然观66 习语的文化现象及翻译策略研究67 浅议英语诗歌中的书写变异68 On the Cultural Signification and Translation of Animal Idioms69 On The Narrative Perspective Type of J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace70 The Characters and Personality of American Slang71 视频辅助和背景知识对听力理解的作用72 浅析《喜福会》中母亲们悲惨遭遇的成因73 《简.爱》的简和《德伯家的苔丝》的苔丝的比较研究74 Cultures and Intercultural Communications75 中英广告宣传方式的比较研究76 论象征主义在《喜福会》中的体现77 英汉颜色词的文化内涵78 从阿里巴巴BB电子商务平台论中小企业的发展趋势79 《了不起的盖茨比》叙述者尼克分析80 中式英语与标准英语的差别81 On the Progressive Awakening of Feminine Consciousness in The Hours82 动物习语中文化意象的比较与翻译83 浅析“红”和“黑”在中英文中的文化及语义对比84 Cultural Differences in Business Negotiations: East and West85 功能对等理论在新闻英语翻译中的应用86 试析英汉颜色习语折射出的中西文化异同87 艾米莉.狄金森的死亡观研究88 对《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白性格的分析89 中式菜名的英译90 从安利（中国）的成功看直销模式在我国的发展91 中西礼貌用语的语用对比研究92 Verification of Soft Term in Letter of Credit93 语言变体的翻译——《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的两汉译本的比较94 《第十二夜》中女性人物特征分析95 从主述位理论看奥巴马就职演讲的连贯性96 Terror of the Soul-Analysis of Features in Poe’s Gothic Fictions97 交际法在大学英语教学中的现状探究98 分析《基督山伯爵》爱德蒙的二重性格99 An Analysis of the Symbolic Meanings of the Letter “A” in T he Scarlet Letter100 A Comparative Study of the Character of Tess and Jane Eyre101 欧亨利《最后一片叶子》解读102 On Freudian Interpretation of Dreams In Sense and Sensibility103 《简爱》中的女性主义意识初探104 Who Stole Our Panda——An Analysis of Cross-Cultural Transmission Through an American Movie Kung Fu Panda105 英汉习语渊源对比及其常用分析方法106 中西跨文化交际中非语言行为的比较研究107 旅游翻译中的文化差异和处理策略108 安妮赖斯小说《夜访吸血鬼》的新哥特世界109 影响英语专业学生阅读理解因素的分析及对策探讨110 从叙事结构分析电影《撞车》中对种族歧视问题的诠释111 The Conflict between Desire and Surroundings：an Analysis of Clyde in An American Tragedy112 歧义的语用研究113 论伍尔夫《到灯塔去》女权主义主题思想及对中国女性文学之影响114 在英语教学中发展学生的自主学习能力115 英语中源于希腊罗马神话主要神祇姓名词汇的认知探索116 从用词的角度分析商务英语信函的翻译117 目的论指导下的英语字幕翻译策略118 《哈姆雷特》中不言而喻的隐喻魅力(开题报告+论文+文献综述)119 英语动结式V+PP的语义整合研究120 目的论视角下的广告翻译121 浅析新闻发布会口译语言的语体学特点122 论《西风颂》背后的精神力量123 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》中麦琪悲剧原因分析124 从成长教育理论视角解读奥利弗.退斯特的生活经历125 浅论《汤姆琼斯》的现实主义特征126 从玛丽沃斯通克拉夫特的女性主义观点看《傲慢与偏见》的女性形象塑造127 语法翻译法视角下的中学生英语家教辅导128 从文化的角度审视中西习语的来源129 从《成长的烦恼》和《家有儿女》的对比看中西方家庭价值观的差异130 《隐形人》中主人公的性格分析131 论中西方思维方式的差异132 澳大利亚文学中的丛林文化—以亨利.劳森《赶牲畜人的妻子》为例133 解读艾丽斯.沃克《紫色》中的家庭134 女性主义视角下《傲慢与偏见》的情态意义解读135 “Lady First” Reflected in Different Cultures136 从生态女性主义视角解读《喜福会》137 浅析英语语言中的性别歧视现象138 中英姓名文化内涵的探究139 论华裔女星在好莱坞电影中的角色转变140 从《野性的呼唤》浅析杰克伦敦的哲学思想及其哲学倾向141 The Religious Thoughts in The Pilg rim’s Progress142 谈英汉文学作品中数字的模糊性及其翻译143 浅析英语拟声词的功能144 由《红楼梦》中人名的英译看中西文化差异145 浅析《喜福会》中的母女关系146 The Lexical Features of Black English in RAP Music and its Influence147 试析邓恩《别离辞.节哀》中圆规与圆的意象148 小说《黑猫》中双重人格149 《远大前程》中皮普的心路历程150 英语语音学习中的母语负迁移现象研究151 浅析合作学习在英语专业口语教学中的应用152 魔法世界的双重间谍——《哈利波特》西佛勒斯.斯内普的矛盾形象分析153 浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中的创伤和治愈154 图式理论在高中英语阅读中的运用155 春节与圣诞节的对比研究156 日用品广告语言中中西方价值观差异比较研究157 融入与挑战－－从生态角度看《老人与海》与《瓦尔登湖》158 文化视角下的英汉委婉语翻译探讨159 论《爱玛》中简.奥斯丁的女性主义观160 中餐菜谱翻译的错误分析161 On English-Chinese Translation of Automobile Brand Names162 英语广告的语言特点163 从违反合作原则看电影语言的会话含义——以《最后的武士》为例164 女权主义翻译理论关照下的《呼啸山庄》多个译本比较研究165 从功能翻译理论看电影《功夫熊猫》的字幕翻译166167 《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》中的幽默168 The Transcultural Differences in the Translation of Commercial Advertisements 169 傲慢与偏见中的婚姻观170 Psychological Analysis of Stuttering in The King’s Speech171 以马斯洛需求层次理论分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情婚姻观172 Sister Carrie—A Woman Lost in the Material World173 以赫索格为代表的索尔贝娄作品中知识分子的困境与出路174 从数字看中西方文化差异175 玛莎.诺曼戏剧中的母女关系研究176 浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中的苔丝悲剧的成因177 广告的翻译178 从鹿鼎记和唐吉诃德的主要人物的较对比来比中西方侠文化179 论《一个温和的建议》中的黑色幽默180 初中英语词汇教学法研究综述181 生态哲人约翰.斯坦贝克182 使用影视片对中学生进行英语听说教学183 对小说《野草在歌唱》的功能文体分析184 英美日常交际礼仪对比分析185 A Comparative Study of Coincidental Plots in Jane Eyre and Tess of the d’Urbervilles186 英语广告语中的隐喻认知187 On Wisdom of Tao in Tao De Jing and the Subjectivity of Translator－－Based upon Translations of Wu（无）and You（有）188 通过《喧哗与骚动》中三兄弟各自对于凯蒂的叙述分析三人各自性格特征189 Gothic Romance: Inheritance and Development of Medieval Romance－－A Case Study of The Castle of Otranto190 解析《红字》中的红与黑191 从《嘉莉妹妹》看德莱塞的女性观192 关于高中生英语阅读策略运用情况的调查193 论戏剧《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克的悲剧形象194 On Characteristic Features of the Main Characters in The Moon and Sixpence195 从认知语言学的视角下浅析隐喻和换喻的异同196 浅谈中学英语教学中交际任务型教学活动的设计197 合作教学理论在初中英语阅读中的运用198 Conversational Humor in American Sitcoms——A Case Study of The Big Bang Theory199 论《红字》中海丝特的女性身份重构200。
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义特征解读
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义特征解读《嘉莉妹妹》是一部由路易丝·梅·奥尔科特所著，描写了19世纪初期美国南部社会风貌的小说，同时也是女性主义的经典之作。
小说中的女性形象展示了当时社会中女性所承受的压迫和剥削，同时也表达了对女性解放和自我价值的追求。
本文将从女性主义的角度解读《嘉莉妹妹》中的特征和意义。
一、女性角色的叙述和塑造在《嘉莉妹妹》中，作者通过描绘不同性格和命运的女性角色，展现了当时社会中不同阶层女性的生存状态和命运。
主人公斯嘉丽·奥哈拉自强不息，勇敢坚韧，是一个独立、聪明、有野心的女性形象。
她不甘于依附于任何男性，勇敢地追求自己的幸福和成功。
梅兰妮·汉密尔顿是一个善良、贤淑、忠诚的女性形象，她以自己的善良和坚强支撑着家庭和社会的稳定。
还有乔奇儿·塔兰顿和卡琳娜·休伯舍，她们分别代表了风尚和传统的两面，塑造了当时南部社会不同的女性形象。
这些女性角色的多样性和鲜明的个性，使她们在小说中成为了自主、独立的存在，而不是传统上男性对女性的片面定义。
二、对婚姻与爱情的解构在《嘉莉妹妹》中，作者对当时的婚姻与爱情观念进行了解构。
斯嘉丽·奥哈拉在小说中不断追求自己的爱情和婚姻，她不愿意受制于传统的婚姻观念，不愿做一个依附于丈夫的传统妇女。
她追求的是自由与幸福，她能够用自己的聪明和勇气去争取自己想要的东西。
梅兰妮·汉密尔顿则是一个传统的妻子形象，在面对丈夫的不忠时选择了宽容和原谅，她忠诚地守护着家庭和传统的价值观。
而乔奇儿·塔兰顿和卡琳娜·休伯舍所展现的，是南部上流社会传统的婚姻观念和家庭观念。
作者通过这几个不同性格和立场的女性角色，对当时的婚姻与爱情观念进行了解构和思考，呼吁女性去争取自己的幸福和自由，不受传统观念的束缚。
三、对女性自我认知的探索在《嘉莉妹妹》中，作者还通过一系列的事件和人物形象，揭示了女性自我认知和成长的过程。
用马斯洛需求层次理论分析《嘉莉妹妹》中的人物
摘要《嘉莉妹妹》讲述了一位农村女孩不甘贫穷,独自来到芝加哥实现自己的“美国梦”，最终成为了纽约百老汇的一位著名演员，物质享受得到满足，精神却陷入迷失的故事。
阅读这部小说我们很容易注意到嘉莉不断升级的需要及日益增长的欲望，及在追求欲望的过程中对传统道德的违背。
本文主要依据马斯洛层次需求理论，分析嘉莉及与嘉莉妹妹关系密切的两位男主人公，在不同时期的不同需要，并分析这些欲望产生的原因，即一方面是人物内在的欲望，另一方面是环境、城市的诱惑等外在因素。
这两方面的相互作用最终导致嘉莉陷入精神的迷失。
《嘉莉妹妹》的故事似乎在警示我们，在物质越来越发达的今天，人们不应该盲目追求物质的享受，而应该充分认识到精神带给人们的幸福感和满足感,思索自己人生的意义和价值所在。
关键词：嘉莉妹妹；欲望；层次需求理论AbstractSister Carrie tells the story of a small country girl Carrie who moves to Chicago to realize her “American Dream” and eventually becomes a Broadway star in New York. Despite living a luxurious life, she is lost in spirit. Reading the novel, we may easily notice Carrie’s different needs and desires arising gradually and also the betrayal of traditional moral code in the process of pursuing material gain. The paper analyzes the reasons why Carrie and two male heroes closed to her have various needs at different stages of life, mainly based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. One is figures’inner desires; the other is the outside force, including temptations of environment, cites, etc. The interaction between them makes Carrie lose herself eventually. It seems to tell people that in modern society material supplies more and more abundantly, but we should never pursue it blindly and much importance should be attached to happiness and stability created by spirit. It is essential to ponder the significance and the value of life.Key words: Sister Carrie; desire; hierarchy of needsContentsChapter 1 General Introduction (1)1.1 About the author and the novel (1)1.1.1 The author: Theodore Dreiser (1)1.1.2 The novel: Sister Carrie (1)1.2 About Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs (2)Chapter 2 Carrier’s needs (4)2.1 Carrie’s primary needs (4)2.1.1 The physiological needs: leaving for Chicago (4)2.1.2 The safety needs: becoming Drouet’s mistress (5)2.2 Carrie’s higher level needs (6)2.2.1 The love and belonging needs — awaking step (6)2.2.2 The esteem needs — advanced development (7)2.2.3 The self-actualization needs — ultimate goal (8)Chapter 3 Drouet’s needs (10)3.1 Drouet’s primary needs (10)3.1.1 The physiological needs: the pursuit of Carrie (10)3.1.2 The safety needs: the satisfaction of material (11)3.2 Droue t’s higher level needs (12)Chapter 4 Hurstwood’s needs (13)4.1 Hurstwood’s needs in Chicago (13)4.1.1 Hurstwood’s physiological needs (13)4.1.2 Hurstwood’s safety needs (14)4.1.3 Hurstwood’s love and belonging needs (14)4.2 Hurstwood’s needs in New York (15)Conclusion (17)References (19)Acknowledgments (20)Chapter 1 General Introduction1.1 About the author and the novel1.1.1 The author: Theodore DreiserTheodore Dreiser is the most outstanding realistic novelist in the history of American literature. He is also an American naturalistic writer famous for the exploration of realistic life. Dreiser was born in Indiana in a poor German immigrant family. When Dreiser was eight, his mother was forced by the pressure of living, left home with him and three other young children, wandered from one town to another in the Midwest. The family lived a tough and criticized life. Dreiser’s childhood also endured poverty and ignorance.In 1887, he came to Chicago alone, worked in restaurants and hardware companies. In spite of this, he was attracted by the city life full of excitement and stimulation. In 1889, “he was sponsored by a sympathetic middle school teacher to study at the University of Indiana. But he dropped out of school the next year, returned to Chicago to become a debt collector in a real estate and furniture company” (Wang Sixiang, 2009: 158). This job led him to come into contact with the underworld characters and the dark side of society, accumulated a wealth of material for the future creation. It also determined the naturalistic color and the tragic thought of his creation. Dreiser entered the press in 1892, started to be a journalist. In Chicago, he witnessed the strong contrast of extreme poverty and extravagant life. These experiences are the beginning of his thought, which led him to create his own novel.1.1.2 The novel: Sister CarrieSister Carrie, Theodore Dreiser’s first novel, is a good work of epoch-making significance in the history of American fiction. This novel tells the story of Caroline Meeber, a pretty rural girl, leaves her rural home to make a living in Chicago. On the train, she meets Charles Drouet, a traveling salesman. The harsh reality shatters her dream. At the same time, in front of her is unemployment and disease. In desperation she becomes Drouet’s mistress. Later, due to the greater desire, she becomes the hotelmanager Hurstwood’s mistress. Hurstwood and Carrie elope to New York, and Carrie becomes a popular actor by chance and squeezes into the upper class. However, Hurstwood becomes poorer and finally committed suicide. The life of upper class does not make her feel satisfied. She feels empty and can not find the real meaning of life. In the loneliness and desolation, she sits in a rocking chair dreaming of the happiness that she would not get.The novel reveals the cruel squeezing of the American capitalist system for poor people and the corrosive action of bourgeois lifestyle for petty bourgeois. And the moral concept the novel reflects is also a counter-tradition. Because Carrie rather than be punished for her depravity, but becomes a popular star of musical comedies finally. Therefore, this book has aroused widespread concern in society since it was published, was banned for a time which led up to intense controversy of the literary world for more than 30 years until it is regarded as a classic to gain public recognition. Until today the novel was born one hundred years later, people are still controversial about Carrie’s character and behavior, especially her endless desire.1.2 About Maslow’s hierarchy of human needsIn Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, there are five kinds of needs ranging from lower level to higher level. These are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs. (1)The physiological needs — it is the most basic requirement of human beings, including food, sleep, water, secretion, and sex. If any one of these needs, except sex, can not be satisfied, the physiological function of human can not operate normally. In other words, the life of human would be threatened. In this sense, the physiological need is the primary motivation of people’s action. Maslow believes that only those basic needs be met, the other needs can become new motivating factors. And to this point, the needs has been relatively satisfied will no longer be motivating factors. (2)The safety needs — it is the demand for the following things: personal and property safety, health care, job security and family safety. Maslow believes that the pursuit of the whole organism is a security mechanism, the human receptors, effectors’ organs, intelligence and other forms of energy are mainly seeking safety tools. We can even put both science and philosophy as part of meeting the security needs. (3)The love and belonging needs — if both physiological and safety needs are relatively well satisfied, and then there will emerge the love and belonging needs. Everyone wants to get mutual concern and care.The love and belonging needs is more meticulous than the physiological needs. It relates to a person’s physiological characteristics, experience, education and religion. Generally people will hunger for affectionate relations with others, for a place in the group and have a family. (4)The esteem needs — everyone wants to have a stable social status. And it requests that personal ability and achievements are recognized by the society. These needs can be divided into two parts. First is the desire for strength, achievement, adequacy, confidence and freedom. Secondly, we have what we may call the desire for reputation, attention, importance or appreciation. Satisfaction of the esteem need can make people have confidence, worth, strength, capability and adequacy of being useful and necessary in the world. (5)The self-actualization needs — it is the highest level of needs. It refers to the realization of personal ideals, aspirations and the individual’s ability to the greatest degree. Maslow notes that in order to satisfy self-actualization needs, different people take different measures. The self-actualization need is an effort to realize their potential. It is to make them become the characters they desire to be.These basic needs are related to each one and another, but any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role, and needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. This means that the highest goal will monopolize consciousness and will tend to organize the recruitment of the various capacities of the organism. The lower needs are minimized, even forgotten or denied. But when a need is fairly well satisfied, the next higher need emerges,in turn to dominate the conscious life and to serve as the center of organization of behavior, since gratified needs are not active motivators.Chapter 2 Carrier’s needs2.1 Carrie’s primary needs2.1.1 The physiological needs: leaving for ChicagoBy the end of the Civil War (1861-1865), most of the forces that would typify twentieth century American had begun to emerge. Northern industrialism had triumphed over southern agrarianism. The great age of big city bossism began. Americans ceased to be isolated from the world and from each other. Soon the United States had the most extensive railroad system in the world. The tempo of life accelerated as Americans became increasingly mobile. From 1870 to 1890 the total population of the United States doubled. Villages became towns, towns became cities, and cities grew to a size with a speed that would have astonished the Founding Fathers. The population of Chicago increased twenty times to two million, making it the nation’s second largest city after New York. The national income quadrupled. It was the beginning of what Mark Twain called “The Gilded Age”. Thousands and thousands of men, women and children native-born and foreign, flooded to American cities, drawn by hopes for making their fortune. They believed that anyone could grasp an opportunity to attain success through honest and hard work. Just as American naturalists argued: the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment.Dreiser clothed the social phenomenon of so-called “American Dream” through his character, Carrie. At the beginning of the novel, the heroin, Carrie, keeps pace with the general trend of the time, and moves to Chicago, which is not far away from her hometown. She is eighteen years old, bright, timid, and full of the illusions of ignorance and youth:And yet she was interested in her charms, quickly to understand the keenerpleasures of life, ambitious to gain in material things. A half-equipped littleknight she was, venturing to reconnoiter the mysterious city and dreamingwild dreams of some vague, far-off supremacy, which should make it preyand subject-the proper penitent, groveling at a woman’s slipper. (TheodoreDreiser, 1979: 3)In Maslow’s view, humans are wanting beings, mainly because humans are not satisfied with the status and are eager to achieve a higher realm. Desire is one of the strong emotions which tells people that he is still curious to exist, that he still have an edge on his longings and want to bite into the world. Carrie is driven by the environment and the internal desire to move to Chicago. Strictly speaking, it is the physiological needs. Carrie wants to change the poor life. She begins to hunt a job to earn money to fulfill her needs. Carrie accepts a job in a shoe factory for four and a half dollars a week. Every week she pays four dollars for her board and lodging. Does the story develop smoothly like this? The author gave a hint by writing “When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse” (Zhang Xiaowei, 2011: 203). Carrie tries to live on her own to start her first step of material pursuit.2.1.2 The safety needs: becoming Drouet’s mistressChicago is a charming city indeed. Carrie is surrounded by various temptations: Carrie passed along the busy aisles, much affected by the remarkabledisplays of trinkets, dress goods, stationary and jewelry. Each separatecounter was a show place of dazzling interest and attraction. She could nothelp feeling the claim of each trinket and valuable upon her personally.There was nothing there which she could not have to used-nothing whichshe did not along to own. The dainty slippers and stockings, the delicatelyfrilled skirts and petticoats, the laces, ribbons, hair-combs, purses, all touchher with individual desires. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 27)She longs for dress and beauty with a whole heart.But the fact is that the cold reality takes her by the hand. First, her sister and brother-in-law live a lean life and consumed by housework. The money left by Carrie every week is not enough for her car fares, let alone clothes, laces, ribbons, etc. And none of those things is in the range of her purchase. Second, in the shoe factory, the machines work intensively. Carrie is not strong. Her shoulders and necks ache in bending over and she is totally exhausted every day. “As Carrie listened to this and much more of similar familiar badinage among the men and the girls, she instinctively withdraws into herself. She feared that the young boys about would address such remarks to he r” (LI Wei, 2011: 278). The wholeatmosphere of the shoe factory is sordid.Carrie does not like to bear the hard work, the foul working condition and the human environment. She hopes to break away from the factory to enjoy physical comfort and from such uncouth men to keep her calm. Third, as the rigorous winter is around the corner, Carrie worries about the problem of winter clothes, for she has nothing to wear. At last, as a result of illness she loses the job and to return hometown seems to be the only choice.According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, if the physiological needs are relatively well gratified, there then emerge the safety needs. The problem is that whether she can satisfy it or not, it depends on the reality which supplies enough conditions or not, besides her own effort. Carrie understands that it is impossible to buy dress and entertain herself by her personal diligence. Drouet is, for Carrie, an escape. She does not love him, but he means a source of amazement, and she recognizes that the relative opulence of his chambers and department he procures for Carrie are the signs of that for which she is striving. Eventually she betrays herself to become Drouet’s mistress to realize her safety need. Carrie and Drouet pay a visit all round the city and go shopping, take part in various activities, enjoy delicious foods. It seems that Carrie has never hesitated,“Money! Money! What a thing it was to have! How plenty of it would clear away all the troubles” (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 82). She surrendered to the magic of money. At the second stage of material pursuit, Carrie has a much stronger desire. She falls in love with it without reason.2.2 Carrie’s higher level needs2.2.1 The love and belonging needs — awaking stepAs the plot goes, the author depicts a panorama of rising needs and desire. On one hand, Carrie is not just satisfied with living together with Drouet:That young lady, under the stress of her situation and the tutelage of hernew friend, changed effectively. She the glow of a more showy life was notupon her. She did not grow in knowledge so much as she awakened in thematter of desire. Mrs. Hale’s extended harangues upon the subjects ofwealth and position taught her to distinguish between degrees of wealth.(Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 140)When she comes to her own room, Carrie sees her comparative poverty. She is not comparing it with what she has had, but what she has seen recently. She begins toponder what, after all, Drouet is and what she is. On the other hand, Carrie fears of losing Drouet’s affection, of being abandoned, and also she longs for someone to sympathize with her, but not let her ponder and wonder. It makes clear to Carrie that Drouet could not understand her. He just cares about her beauty. When Carrie is sorrow, he only asks her to dance. Carrie feels lonely and forsaken. What’s more, Carrie believes Drouet does not plan to marry her. He prefers the single state to any legal bondage. These two sides wake up Carrie’s deep desire. She “hopes to live an extravagant life but not from hand to mouth” (Peng Dankui, 1995: 74). She is eager to be understood and loved. Drouet is only an intermediary in her movement from poverty to affluence. Carrie is ready and longs to change.More wealth and higher status are Carrie’s new goal. At this time, Hurstwood becomes another male stepladder to gratify her needs both in material and spirit. Hurstwood can give her a life of honor. Carrie recognizes the quality of Hurstwood’s clothes, his style and his bearing as distinct improvements on Drouet. Hurstwood shows his thoughts and feelings concerning Carrie. “In contrast, Hurstwood appeared strong and sincere. He had no easy manner of putting her off. He sympathized with her and showed her what her true value was. He needed her, while Drouet did not care” (Gao Chenke, 2011: 115).Though Carrie has achieved her material goal, all in all, she has another need—love. Carrie begins to care about her inner thoughts, which takes the first step of exploring her spirit. Carrie’s spirit pursuit is based on material pursuit.2.2.2 The esteem needs — advanced developmentAfter becoming Hurstwood’s mistress, in a material way, Carrie is considerably improved. Hurstwood writes her regularly-a letter every morning. They both enjoy the happy days. Carrie has an opportunity to take part in a play. It is not an important thing, but because of the prestige of Hurstwood, it is significant. “By the time of the 16th had arrived Hurstwood’s friends had rallied like Romans to a senator’s call. A well-dressed, good-natured, flatteringly-inclined audience was assured from the moment he thought of assisting Carrie”(Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 209). Carrie moves into a new environment. She feels the respect and power of celebrities. Carrie’s needs develop further: the esteem needs. That is the desire for confidence and appreciation:There was nothing bold in her manner. Life had not taught herdomination-superciliousness of grace, which is the lordly power of somewomen. Her longing for consideration was not sufficiently powerful tomove her to demand it. Even now she lacked self-assurance, but there wasthat in what she had already experienced which left her a little less thantimid. She wanted pleasure, she wanted position. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979:176)For Carrie she is nervous. She hopes the play could succeed to gain confidence and appreciation, “The glamour, the tense situation, the fine clothes, the applause, these had lured her until she felt that she, too, could act-that she, too, could compel acknowledgment of power” (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 192). Carrie tries best to explore her potentials.2.2.3 The self-actualization needs — ultimate goalHurstwood coaxes Carrie to elope to New York. But he is merely another man who either cannot hold or find a job. He forces to begin the battle for place and comfort all over again. But his situation becomes worse and worse. At the beginning, he strolls about, and then he just picks his papers up, and stays for day after day. At last, he becomes a beggar completely, lived by other’s charity. Finally he committed suicide by turning on the gas in a Bowery flophouse. When the attraction of material disappears, it is inevitable for Carrie to abandon Hurstwood. The physiological and safety needs play an important role now. Carrie begins to make a livelihood on her own. Different from the former experience, this time, she is successful by her own power without depending on some other men. Carrie becomes an actor because of her pretty-look and her diligence. Her salary rises from 30 dollars to 150 dollars per week. She becomes a famous star. She could possess of her gowns and carriage, her furniture and bank account. But she is alone, “It does not take money long to make plain its important, providing the desires are in the realm of affection. With one hundred and fifty in hand, Carrie could think of nothing particularly to do. In itself, as a tangible, apparent thing which she could touch and look upon, but this soon passed” (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 548).After Carrie gains her economic status, there is only self-actualization need left. And Ames helps Carrie sublimate her spiritual pursuit into the world of literature and philosophy. Ames isn’t attracted by Carrie’s beauty, but there is something in him that has attracted her. Ames says to Carrie that riches are not everything, and there is always a great deal more in the world than she has known. Carrie understands that the thingsAmes pointed out is not money, or clothes, or applauses but a kind heart to serve others. It is an aesthetic world of which Carrie has not dreamed of and which she recognizes as a new peak to conquer and a new level to achieve. Carrie moves to the highest needs, which states that the true value of life is not in what we get but in what we give. This is the ultimate goal in her spiritual world.Chapter 3 Drouet’s needs3.1 Drouet’s primary needs3.1.1 The physiological needs: the pursuit of CarrieDrouet is a man who has a keen desire for the feminine. In the driving of the sexual instinct, he will involuntarily chase every beautiful woman he meets. After seeing beautiful pure Carrie on the train, he is attracted by her. With beautiful clothes, grandiose talk and his experiences of chatting up girls, Drouet wins Carrie’s favor. Just as the author says:Let him meet with a young woman once and he would approach her withan air of kindly familiarity, not unmixed with pleading, which would resultin most cases in a tolerant acceptance. If she showed any tendency tocoquetry he would be apt to straighten her tie, or if she “took up” with himat all, to call her by her first name. If he visited a department store it was tolounge familiarly over the counter and ask some leading questions. In moreexclusive circles, on the train or in waiting stations, he went slower. If someseemingly vulnerable object appeared he was all attention to pass thecompliments of the day to lead the way to the parlor car, carrying her grip,or, failing that, to take a seat next her with the hope of being able to courther to her destination. Pillows, books, a footstool, the shade lowered; allthese figured in the things which he could do. If, when she reached herdestination he did not alight and attend her baggage for her, it was because,in his own estimation, he had signally failed. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979:5) Drouet’s chasing for young beautiful girls is not because he is a cold-blooded, black heart, scheming villain, but because he is full of lust. When Drouet meet Carrie in the street secondly, Carrie was looking for a job and has no winter clothes to wear. Then he use Carrie’s plight to persuade her to leave her sister’s home and l ive together with him. After Carrie beca me Drouet’s mistress, Drouet didn’t have the plan to marry her. In the second part of the novel, Drouet and Carrie met again in New York, after he tried to mend fences and Carrie refused, he was not feeling so sad. Because, for him, he canfind a woman for pleasure wherever. Losing Carrie is not so important for him. At the end of the novel, on the night of a big snowstorm, he is talking with a partner to discuss where to look for a woman to have fun.3.1.2 The safety needs: the satisfaction of materialThe great industrial development in American brings about the booming of the cities like Chicago and New York. At the same time, the social gap between the rich and the poor is widening. People are obviously graded. Whether having high material consumption ability has almost become the sole criterion of level division. Drouet is divided into middle class in this social background. He doesn’t have to live in poverty like Hanson, but not as well as Hurstwood has a wealthy family and prominent position. He is good at enjoying life and the pursuit of a higher level of material comforts, immersed in his salesman career and tried to improve his social status. In his view, his life is fulfilling and almost perfect. He dressed in fashion style, wearing a striped plaid wool suit, white and pink striped shirt, gold-plated button, covered with yellow agate known as the “cat ey e”. His vest dangled a neat gold watch chain, matched with a pair of glowing shoes and a fedora. This fashionable dress greatly satisfied the vanity of him. Drouet’s s afety needs come to be realized in the abundant material world.Drouet likes to have dinner at Rector’s,a restaurant he believes that successful person would go. After dinner, he likes to go to th e resort of Fitzgerald and Moy’s to drink a glass of whiskey and enjoy a couple of cigars. In such a place, he can get to know a variety of celebrities, in order to increase the capital to show off and meet his vanity. The author has described it in detail:Rector’s, with its polished marble walls and floor, its profusion of lights, itsshow of china and silverware, and, above all, its reputation as a resort foractors and professional men, seemed to him the proper place for asuccessful man to go. He loved fine clothes, good eating, and particularlythe company and acquaintanceship of successful men. When dining, it wassource of keen satisfaction to him to know that Joseph Jefferson was wontto come to this same place, that Henry E. Dixie, a well known performer ofthe day, was then only a few tables off. (Theodore Dreiser, 1979: 39) As a successful salesman, Drouet believes that it is an honor to be able to make celebrities. At the same time, the big company he is working for also let him feel glory. With the reputation of Bartlett, Caryoe & Company, his work goes well. Although he isnot rich, also does not have a high social status, but he is good at communication, appropriate interaction with others, which also provides a possibility of success in his career. Living with Carrie, Drouet’s career developed gradually and his social status improved accordingly. When he and Carrie meet again, he has been responsible for a branch and is about to establish his own company. He can meet Carrie’s desire for material. He bought her beautiful dresses and coats, purchased cosmetics and went to the theatre with her. But objectively speaking, he was too concerned with material life, treat feelings do not serious. This is also the most dissatisfied for Carrie.3.2 Drouet’s higher level needsAlthough the physiological and material satisfaction is very important for Drouet, he has some higher level of needs. As a traveling salesman, Drouet’s social status is not high. He frequently went to the restaurants and pubs which celebrities always went to. In addition to the pursuit of material comforts, but also he is in the search for a social identity and the sense of belonging. Eating and talking together with the upper-class people, let him have a feeling of integrated into the society.His pursuit of Carrie is not only to satisfy his needs for sex, but also to get rid of the emptiness.Due to his work requirement, Drouet often go to travel around, and he is lacking of group sense of belonging. While Carrie as his mistress, can bring him some emotional comfort.In addition, Carrie’s young and beautiful can meet Drouet’s vanity. And he can show off in social occasions. However, Carrie is not the only choice for Drouet. Instead of creating a stable family, the best way to meet his spiritual emptiness is to seek new love affairs constantly. That is also the reason why he does not marry Carrie.。
从自然主义视角审视《嘉莉妹妹》中小人物嘉莉的命运抗争与幻灭
嘉莉妹妹对社会的幻灭
嘉莉妹妹在小说中经历了从贫穷到富裕，再回归贫穷的过程，但最终未能实现自己的梦想和期 望。
嘉莉妹妹在追逐名利的过程中失去了自我，最终意识到社会的虚伪和无情。
嘉莉妹妹对社会的幻灭表现在她对人际关系的失望和对自己命运的无奈。
嘉莉妹妹的幻灭是她个人经历和社会环境的必然结果，反映了自然主义文学对个体命运的关注 和思考。
自然主义视角对嘉莉妹妹命运抗争与幻灭的影响
自然主义视角强调环境和遗传因素对个体 命运的决定性作用，认为个体无法摆脱命 运的束缚。
在《嘉莉妹妹》中，嘉莉的命运抗争与幻 灭体现了自然主义视角下个体与命运的矛 盾和冲突。
嘉莉在面对困境时所做出的选择和行动， 反映了自然主义视角下个体对命运的无奈 和接受。
添加标题
她通过自我救赎，不 仅改变了自己的命运， 也启示了读者要勇敢 面对生活中的困难和 挑战，坚定地追求自
己的梦想和价值。
嘉莉妹妹的命运转折
嘉莉妹妹在小说中的命运经历了从贫困到富有，再从富有到贫困的转折。 这些转折反映了自然主义视角下，个体在命运面前的无力和抗争。 嘉莉妹妹的命运转折体现了自然主义思想中，环境对个体命运的决定性影响。 这些转折也揭示了社会阶层对个体命运的制约和影响。
嘉莉妹妹的幻 灭
嘉莉妹妹对爱情的幻灭
嘉莉妹妹在小说中 经历了多次爱情的 幻灭，最终意识到 爱情并非她所想象 的美好。
嘉莉妹妹的幻灭源 于她对爱情的过度 理想化，以及对现 实世界的残酷认识 不足。
小说中通过嘉莉妹 妹的幻灭，反映了 社会阶层差异和道 德观念对个体命运 的影响。
嘉莉妹妹的幻灭不 仅是个人的悲剧， 也揭示了当时社会 价值观的扭曲和道 德沦丧的现象。
从自然主义视角审 视《嘉莉妹妹》中 小人物嘉莉的命运
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《嘉莉妹妹》中的人物分析
一、简介
西奥多?德莱塞是美国文学历史上一名出色的作家，同时也是美国现代小说的先驱。
《嘉莉妹妹》是德莱塞的第一部长篇小说，讲述了农村少女嘉莉如何从社会底层登上百老汇红舞星宝座的过程，细腻地展示了嘉莉的生存景观及心路历程。
这部小说的面世对美国文学界产生了巨大的影响。
它在文学史上也占据了重要的位置。
《嘉莉妹妹》大胆忠实的写作方式同20世纪早期传统的写作方式大相径庭，因此成为了美国文学史上一部里程碑式的作品。
本文从人物视角分析《嘉莉妹妹》。
在《嘉莉妹妹》中，德莱塞从美国经济生活的三个阶层选取了主要人物。
他向我们展示了这些人都是如何被美国资本主义制度以及资产阶
级生活压榨和腐蚀的。
二、对《嘉莉妹妹》中三个人物的分析
读者不要期待《嘉莉妹妹》中的人物有高尚的道德立场或强大的分析能力。
但是这并不意味着他们是不吸引人的，甚至是无趣的。
《嘉莉妹妹》中的人物受到了各种力量的压制，又由于自身意志的薄弱，他们通常是自我迷失的。
他们被各种社会力量以及更大世界中的物质欲望所打败。
德莱塞自己所经历的苦难丰富了这些人物形象的创作。
（一）嘉莉
嘉莉是这部小说的女主角。
她被迫离开她穷困潦倒的家时年仅18岁，她坐上了前往芝加哥的火车并打算在大城市谋一条生路。
这个来自乡村的女孩对大城市充满了激情和幻想，但是对于未知的未来也充满了恐惧。
德莱塞的书中人物，大多挣扎在欲望和社会约束中。
他认为，人与动物不同，因为人类有自由意志，可是人类又脱离不了原始的动物性。
于是面对诱惑，人一方面受着动物性欲望的驱使，一方面却受制于理智和社会行为道德约束。
就因为这样，人类才不断陷在种种矛盾和冲突中。
嘉莉最后获得了成功。
她成了百老汇当红明星，出入上流社会，被很多人追求。
报纸及其他媒体都对她有着高度赞扬。
可是她却始终保持单身，过着清净又孤独的生活，并将自己大部分钱都捐给了生活贫苦的人。
这个曾经向往物质的女孩，终于懂得了生活的含义--绝对的幸福是没有的，人总是不满足的。
金钱、地位、华美的衣服，并不是幸福的代表。
相对来说，人的智力和才华得到发挥和升华，比物质带来的喜悦还要深远。
（二）杜洛埃
杜洛埃是一个推销员，年轻、精力充沛，对女人充满了热切的渴望。
当他在火车上遇见嘉莉时，立马就被她的美貌打动了。
虽然刚开始只是通过手段诱骗嘉莉和自己在一起，
但后来他却爱上了她。
然而，他却不能很好的了解嘉莉的需要，他从未给嘉莉婚姻的承诺。
嘉莉对于婚姻的渴望反映了她渴望尊重和安全感。
但是杜洛埃似乎并没有要娶她的打算。
杜洛埃与嘉莉的共同语言似乎也越来越少了。
赫斯特伍德的出现满足了嘉莉低落时期的需求。
嘉莉与赫斯特伍德私奔的事情对他似乎也没有多大影响，他依旧过着他的浪漫生活。
这充分揭示了杜洛埃花花公子的本性。
毕竟在这个以钱为本的社会里，感情似乎也不那么重要了。
（三）赫斯特伍德
赫斯特伍德是杜洛埃的朋友，他是一名已婚中年男人，生活富足安逸。
嘉莉的出现激起了他潜意识里的欲望。
他对嘉莉的迷恋渐渐发展到了不受控制的地步，最后导致他与妻子关系破裂。
当他决定挟公款同嘉莉私奔时他的堕落就开始了。
在纽约，他无法适应他的新身份，无法融入新的生活。
这导致了他的焦虑与日俱增，对嘉莉的爱也在迅速冷却。
赫斯特伍德变得孤僻，不愿意同他的顾客打交道，因此他慢慢地入不敷出了。
而与此同时，嘉莉找到了一个表演的工作，慢慢能够养活整个家了。
她不禁开始思考为什么她能找到工作并很好的完成它而赫斯特伍德却无法生存下去。
作为一个男人，却要被一个女人养活，赫斯特伍德感到十分羞愧。
而嘉莉认为他给自己带来了太多负担，因此离开了他。
没有了生活来源的赫斯特伍德越来越堕落，最后自杀结束了自己的
生命。
三、总结
德莱赛所写的《嘉莉妹妹》为美国文学开启了现实主义的新视角。
《嘉莉妹妹》揭示了当时黑暗的社会现实，物欲横流的资本主义让人们迷失在自己的欲望里。
小说意在揭示“美国没有上帝”这一现实。
而文章中的主要人物：嘉莉、杜洛埃以及赫斯特伍德都是这一现实的代表。
“使人步入歧途的，常常不是灵魂的罪恶，而是对美的渴望。
是善，而不是恶，使那些缺乏理智，只受情感支配的心灵迷失了自己。
”这部小说探讨了欲望本能和环境对个体命运的影响，尤其是对生活在社会底层的小人物的命运的剖白，把那个阶段实用主义的美国，描写得淋漓尽致。
【。