2010美国呼吸治疗学会气管内吸痰时的临床指南

该临床指南是根据从1990年1月到2009年10月之间已发表的电子文献和美国医学索引MEDLINE，CINAHL，和Cochrane Library databases医学资料库的数据，并且通过对气管内吸痰总共114例的临床跟踪，62例回顾和6例荟萃分析对原有的临床指南做出的更新。

该指南当中，有10项建议是按照推荐分级的评估，制定与评价（GRADE）的标准提出的。

1.气管内吸痰仅仅是在病患有痰的时候，而不是常规性的。

也就是说病患有需要吸痰的指征时才吸痰(It is recommended that endotracheal suctioning should be performed only when secretions are present and not routinely) ；
2.如果病患在吸痰时，临床上有明显的血氧饱和度下降的问题，建议吸痰前提高氧浓度(It is suggested that pre-oxygenation be considered if the patient has a clinically important reduction in oxygen saturation with suctioning）；建议在吸痰前的30-60秒，向儿童和成人提供100%的氧；向婴儿提供基础氧浓度的10%（10% increase of baseline in neonates)；
3.建议在给呼吸机上的病患吸痰时不要让病患与呼吸机分离（Performing suctioning without disconnecting the patient from the ventilator is suggested)；
4.基于对婴儿和儿童所做的研究证据，建议使用浅吸痰而不是深吸痰。

主要是避免深吸痰有可能会造成气管黏膜的损伤（Use of shallow suction is suggested instead of deep suction, based on evidence from infant and pediatric studies)；
5.建议不要在气管内吸痰前常规的使用生理盐水滴注。

（It is suggested that routine use of normal saline instillation prior to endotracheal suction should not be performed)；
6.建议对使用高浓度的氧或PEEP，或具有肺泡重新塌陷风险的成人和婴儿采用封闭式吸痰（The use of closed suction is suggested for adults with high FiO2,or PEEP,or at risk for lung derecruitment, and for neonates)；
7.建议对婴儿采取封闭式的气管内吸痰（Endotracheal suctioning without disconnection(closed system) is suggested in neonates)；
8.如果有急性肺损伤的病患发生由于吸痰导致的肺（泡）重新塌陷，建议避免将病患与呼吸机断开和采用（吸痰后的）肺复张（Avoidance of disconnection and use of lung recruitment maneuvers are suggested if suctioning-induced lung derecruitment occurs in patients with acute lung injury)；
9.建议成人和儿童使用的吸痰管(直径)要小于他们使用的气管插管的直径的50%,婴儿则要小于70%(It is suggested that a suction catheter is used that occludes less than 50% the lumen of the endotracheal tube in children and adults, and less than 70% in infants)；
10.建议每次吸痰的时间不要超过15秒钟(It is suggested that the duration of the suctioning event be limited to less than 15 seconds)；
Endotracheal suctioning of mechanically ventilated patients with artificial airway s. RESPIRATORY CARE . 2010 ,VOL 55 NO 6。