汉英篇章对比与翻译 例句
翻译材料_第五章_英汉句子对比与翻译

第五章英汉句子对比与翻译第一节英汉在连贯方式上的“形合”与“意合”连贯是句子依据合理的语义和逻辑关系,恰当地连为一体的语篇特征,但在重意合的汉语中,这种特征往往隐含在上下文中,呈“隐性”状态,但这并不妨碍汉语读者对其阅读和理解,因为汉语是依靠语篇的语境意义来弥补其在逻辑和连贯方面的不足,而英语语篇中的逻辑和连贯关系则表现出“显性”的特征,既它的逻辑和连贯关系是通过外在的形式,既词法和句法结构来体现的,因此,在翻译过程中,译者就应该注意这种“隐性”和“显性”之间的转换。
翻译练习:1)We crossed the Y angtze and arrived at the station, where I bought a ticket while he saw to myluggage… At the sight of his back tears started to my eyes, but I wiped them hastily so that neither he nor anyone else might see them.2)As the weather was getting better, we decided to go for an outing the next day.3)Three month later, when he had spent all his five dollars, he felt obliged to climb onto slow-goingfreight trains, despite the police’s pursuits or arrests.4)It was only his legendary travel experiences, especially the experiences of his visit to the northern partof Shaanxi Province 60 years ago that determined his lifetime cause, thus closely connoting his life with the Chinese revolution.第二节英汉在语义层次表达上的“形合”和“意合”进行英汉对比研究的学者们常将英语句子比作树木结构,将汉语的句子比作竹子结构。
汉英篇章对比与翻译共86页文档

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6、黄金时代是在我们的前面,而不在 我们的 后面。
,但某些时候请收 敛。
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9、只为成功找方法,不为失败找借口 (蹩脚 的工人 总是说 工具不 好)。
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10、只要下定决心克服恐惧,便几乎 能克服 任何恐 惧。因 为,请 记住, 除了在 脑海中 ,恐惧 无处藏 身。-- 戴尔. 卡耐基 。
1、最灵繁的人也看不见自己的背脊。——非洲 2、最困难的事情就是认识自己。——希腊 3、有勇气承担命运这才是英雄好汉。——黑塞 4、与肝胆人共事,无字句处读书。——周恩来 5、阅读使人充实,会谈使人敏捷,写作使人精确。——培根
Lesson 3 汉英篇章对比

Another example: Kant was fond of talking, but preferred to talk alone, and if interrupted or contradicted was apt to show displeasure; his conversation, however, was so agreeable that none minded if he monopolized it. 康德特别喜欢聊,主要是喜欢别人听自己聊, 康德特别喜欢聊,主要是喜欢别人听自己聊,不 就会满脸不高兴. 喜欢有人插话或诘问, 喜欢有人插话或诘问,否则就会满脸不高兴.不 康德总是聊得大家兴趣盎然, 过,康德总是聊得大家兴趣盎然,所以听他一个 人聊谁都没意见. 人聊谁都没意见.
美国儿童在"一切靠自己" 美国儿童在"一切靠自己"的观念下成长 起来,崇尚个人奋斗,鄙夷依附他人,构 成了美国社会的基本观念之一. American children grow up with the notion of "self-reliance". That's why self-reliance" That' respect for individual effort and contempt for over-relying on others has become a overbasic concept in American society.
Writing makes a special contribution to the way people think. When we write, we compose meanings. We put together facts and ideas and make something new, whether in a letter home, in a college essay, or in a memo to the boss… boss… Writing also contributes uniquely to the way we learn. When we take notes during lectures or as we read, writing enables us to store new Information in memory. Taking notes permits us later to review for tests or to find information for an essay… essay… Writing does still more: it contributes to personal development… development…
汉译英:段落层次的分析语翻译实践 (1)

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• • •
英语语篇的衔接
• I tried to get to sleep. My neighbour owns an acoustic guitar and an electric guitar. He likes to play the electric guitar. I had to get up at the crack of dawn for work the next day. The other neighbour and his wife must be more tolerant than me. I don't know what his other neighbour thinks about it. I don't know what his wife thinks about it. My neighbour plays the guitar quite badly. I wish my neighbour would take up another hobby. • I'm trying to get to sleep but he's at it again, my neighbour, playing the guitar. He actually owns two guitars, a simple acoustic one and an expensive electric one. But he seems to prefer to play the electric one late at night when I'm trying to get to sleep and have to get up at the crack of dawn for work the next day. I don't know what his other neighbour thinks about it, or his wife for that matter. They must be more tolerant than me. The problem is, not only does he play the guitar very loudly, but he also plays it quite badly. I really wish he would take up another hobby altogether, or at least find a quieter musical instrument to play.
汉英篇章对比与翻译 例句

You must remember, my dear mother, that I have never considered this matter as certain. I have had my doubts, I confess; but they are fainter than they were, and they may soon be entirely done away.你应该记住,我的好妈妈,我从来没有把这件事情看得一定如此。
我承认我有疑虑,但是不像以前那么重了,也许很快就会彻底打消。
Look at that sunset. I never saw one redder. ones, the same瞧那晚霞。
我没见过比这更红的了。
各式各样的球鞋象装在万花筒里,在她面前转开了:白色的,蓝色的,高筒的,矮帮的,…给圆圆挑一双吧---- 《人到中年》莲花是自成一类的花卉,我个人认为是花中最美丽者,只要想想它是那么连枝带叶整个浮在水上。
------《谈花和养花》我错过了这班火车就赶下一班。
(重复)If I miss this train, I’ll catch the next one.----我想买台洗衣机。
------可我看你买不起♂。
----I want a new washing machine. ----But I don’t think you can afford a new one.He never really succeeded in his ambitions. He might have done, one felt, had it not been for the restlessness of his nature.他从未实现自己的抱负,人们觉得,如果不是因为他那不安分的天性,也许他早已实现了自己的抱负。
The Americans are reducing their defense expenditure this year. I wonder if the Russian will do too.美国人今年在削减军费开支,我不知道俄国人是否也会这样做汉语动词替代手段:搞、弄、干、做… …他以为人们不喜欢他,但他们是喜欢他的。
汉英修辞对比与翻译_2_

直译法
1 比喻 时间是一条河,一条流在人们记忆里的 河,一条生命的河。--《芙蓉镇》 Time is a river, a river of life, flowing through men’s memories. --Tr. Gladys Yang
因此这李纨虽青春丧偶,且居于膏粱锦 绣之中,竟如槁木死灰一般,一概无闻 无见。
9 反语
什么?你把那花瓶打碎啦?好得很! What? You broke that vase? A fine thing! (Good for you!) 啊,没带零钱?当然咯,像您这样的绅士只带 大票子。 Oh, you haven’t change? Well, of course, I know that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.
13 排比
随着嘹亮的歌声,黑暗过去了,太阳出 山了,大地苏醒了,革命胜利了。 With the resonant song, the dark disappeared, the sun rose, the earth came around, and our revolution was crowned with victory.
The general lost the town and his head. 那位将军丢失了城池,也丢掉了脑袋。 Yesterday he had a blue heart and coat. 昨天他心情忧郁,穿着一件蓝色上衣。
She was dressed in a maid’s cap, a pinafore, and a bright smile. 她头戴一顶少女的帽子,腰系一条围裙,面带灿 烂的微笑。 Miss Bolo rose from the table considerably agitated, and went straight home in a flood of tears and sedan chair. 波洛小姐激动地从桌边座位上站起来,淌着热泪, 乘着轿子,径直回家。
汉英语篇衔接对比与翻译省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖PPT课件

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• 了解汉英两种语言人称代词系统和人称代 词前指照应不一样特点和倾向,对汉英翻 译有一定指导作用。翻译是一个包括语言、 文化、文本、译者等各种原因复杂过程影 响翻译过程原因很多。不过,依据本节对 汉英第三人称代词语篇照应对比研究,在 汉英翻译中采取对应策略和方法,对提升 翻译质量是有所帮助。 汉语中第三人称代词使用频率比英语低很 多,常有第三人称代词省略或零式前指。 在进行汉英翻译时候,要注意英语使用习 惯,为译文增添对应衔接方式,保持译文 通顺连贯。比如:
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(9)“某不能择主,屈身袁绍,Φ言不听,计不从, 今特弃之来见故人。愿赐收录。”(罗贯中,《三
国演义》)
• “I chose my lord unwisely,” Xu You mentioned. “I lowered myself to serve Yuan Shao. He ignored all my ideas, my plans. Now I left him and only hope that you will accept my service.”(Moss Roberts译)
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• (1)He looked up at her as she stood there, hand on heart, looked quietly, almost in a kindly way. (Gone with the Wind)
• 当他抬起头来,见她一只手捂着胸口站在那儿 时,他目光非常平静,甚至非常和善。(翟象 俊译)
• 篇章连贯性也是篇章内聚力表达。它首先 经过篇章标示词如连词和副词来取得,更 主要首先则取决于各概念或命题之间与主 题语义逻辑上联络。翻译时除充分利用篇 章标示词外,还要尤其注意吃透原文,理 顺文字底层联络,译于字里行间,而且要 充分注意两种语言在谋篇布局方面差异, 努力再现原文语义结构上连贯性。比如:
汉英篇章对比与翻译

▪ 天空中积满了灰色的云块,呆 滞滞的不动。 他脸上的气色和 天空差不多。
▪ (那蹲着的黑影)……一面抱怨这天 气:“真冷呀,……先生,你说是不 是?”看见他并不是个讨厌的老头子, 便高兴地说道:“乡下怕更要冷些 吧?” (艾芜 《冬夜》)
▪ “It’s really cold here, “ he complained. “…what do you think, sir?” Seeing that he was not too nasty an old man, I readily responded: “It must be colder in the country, I’m afraid.”
▪ Kong was the only long-gowned customer to drink his wine standing. He was a big man, strangely pallid, with scars that often showed among the wrinkles of his face. He had a large unkept beard, streaked with white. Although he wore a long gown, it was dirty and tattered, and looked as if it had not been washed or mended for over ten years. (Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang)
▪ 这幅画是一部用思考和修养完成的 杰作,它既有历史感又有现代艺术 语言的独特性。(袁运甫 《我所认 识的吴冠中及其绘画》)
▪ The painting is a masterpiece reflecting deep insight and artistic attainment; it expresses a sense of history by using specific modern artistic vocabulary.
英汉互译② L4 汉英翻译基础知识之三

型,确定译文的主语和谓语; 当话题=主语时,直接用原文的主语作译
文的主语; 当话题≠主语时,需要用原文的其他成分
作主语或者重新确定主语; 时刻注意主谓一致的问题。
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课内练习:C-E
这本书我看过了,一点意思也没有,你不 要பைடு நூலகம்了。
这个地方只能摆一张床,想再放一个柜子, 根本不可能。
这把刀你别剁肉,太钝了,切菜还可以。 婚姻的事,应该让孩子自己做主,都什么
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3.2 衔接手段
3.2.1 指称衔接 (referential cohesion) 3.2.2 结构衔接 (structural cohesion) 3.2.3 词汇衔接 (lexical cohesion)
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3.2.1 指称衔接
指称衔接按范围划分为外指和内指:外指 的所指对象在篇章外,内指的所指对象在 篇章内。按指称手段划分为用人称代词的 人称照应、用指示代词的指示照应和用比 较级的比较照应。(教材42-45页)
eg. She hit John. eg. Elephants are big. 主语属于句子层面的现象。
英汉对比与篇章翻译

English Order of Linguistic Elements 英语语序
Relatively flexible order (语序相对灵活) resulting from the use of inflections and connectives Phrases:
the Russian people, the people of Russia, the people living in Russia, the people who live in Russia a pretty and clever girl a girl pretty and clever a girl who is pretty and clever
Chinese Order of Linguistic Elements
Order of logic <cause-effect, conditionresult> (逻辑顺序:因果,条件-结果) • 志同道合,友谊才会持久。 • 名不正则言不顺,言不顺则事不成。 • 天下雨,运动会延期了。 • 他爱睡懒觉,考试难过关。
我们看到很多住人的迹 象,当漫步街头走过一 个很大的棚户集中地, 离中央大道不远。
Hale Waihona Puke 我们漫步街头,在中 央大道附近发现了一 个很大的棚户区,有 很多迹象表明茅棚里 还住了人。
Pay attention to Chinese order of time and space.
Contrast Between English and Chinese
The position will not be given up so long as we are still living.
英汉对比(第三章)

English is hypotactic with its emphasis on formal
cohesion and completeness of structure. Chinese is paratactic with its stress on semantic coherence and integrity. English being restricted by morphological changes and grammatical rules, has more formal markers and relating devices while Chinese lacks morphological changes and has fewer connectives.
5. 上梁不正下梁歪。 If the upper beam is not straight, the lower ones w
ill go aslant. 6.有饭大家吃。 Let everybody share the food if there is any. 7. 物极必反 Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the o pposite direction is inevitable. 8. 欲盖弥彰 The more one tries to hide, the more one is expos ed
For instance, a Chinese sentence may contain
several verbs without any connectives as in:
我们应该遵循“抓住机遇,深化改革,扩大开放,
汉英篇章对比与翻译共86页

谢谢!
汉英篇章对比与翻译
1、战鼓一响,法律无声。——英国 2、任何法律的根本;不,不成文法本 身就是 讲道理 ……法 律,也 ----即 明示道 理。— —爱·科 克
3、法律是最保险的头盔。——爱·科 克 4、一个国家如果纲纪不正,其国风一 定颓败 。—— 塞内加 5、法律不能使人人平等,但是在法律 面前人 人是平 等的。 —,也会招来人们的反感轻蔑和嫉妒。——培根 22、业精于勤,荒于嬉;行成于思,毁于随。——韩愈
23、一切节省,归根到底都归结为时间的节省。——马克思 24、意志命运往往背道而驰,决心到最后会全部推倒。——莎士比亚
英汉对比与翻译好

Please translate the following:
你再不起床,我要掀被子了。 If you should refuse to get up, I would pull
off your quilt. 本·拉登不死,美国就不会停止对他的追杀。 If bin Laden hadn’t died, the US wouldn’t
• unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯
Chinglish = English words + Chinese structure 汉语式英语 = 英语单词 + 汉语结构
Native Language Transfer Does Exist.
Voice (语 态)
你再不起床,我要掀 If you should refuse to get up, I would
被子了。
pull off your quilt.
本·拉登不死,美国就 If bin Laden hadn’t died, the US
(负迁移)
(正迁移)
Errors arise from
Errors decrease by
analogy.
analysis.
类推会产生错误。
分析能减少错误。
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences
between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。
汉英语篇衔接对比与翻译33页35页PPT

31、园日涉以成趣,门虽设而常关。 32、鼓腹无所思。朝起暮归眠。 33、倾壶绝余沥,窥灶不见烟。
34、春秋满四泽,夏云多奇峰,秋月 扬明辉 ,冬岭 秀孤松 。 35、丈夫志四海,我愿不知老。
61、奢侈是舒适的,否则就不是奢侈 。——CocoCha nel 62、少而好学,如日出之阳;壮而好学 ,如日 中之光 ;志而 好学, 如炳烛 之光。 ——刘 向 63、三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也。 ——孔 丘 64、人生就是学校。在那里,与其说好 的教师 是幸福 ,不如 说好的 教师是 不幸。 ——海 贝尔 65、接受挑战,就可以享受胜利的喜悦 。——杰纳勒 尔·乔治·S·巴顿
谢谢!
汉英翻译14

9.1.2 英汉篇章结构对比
英语篇章: 主题----段落 (层层递进;直线 展开) 汉语篇章: 不同层面,同一论点, (螺旋形上升)
英语篇章
Intercultural communication is an interdisciplinary field of study which incorporates research from disciplines such as social psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, socio-linguistics, and, of course, communication. One of the most important areas of research addressed by intercultural scholars is how misunderstandings can be minimized when people communicate with others from different cultures.
Low-context communication is like a computer program; everything must be specified in the coded message or the computer program will not run. In a lowcontext culture like the United States, individuals must express themselves as explicitly as possible for effective communication to occur. high-context communication, in contrast, is like communication between twins who were raised together. Twins intuitively understand each other and use shortened sentences and words when they talk.
矿产

矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。
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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。