英语虚拟语气的用法

英语虚拟语气的用法（完整版）

最近很多人问我英语虚拟语气的用法一开始还回答得挺流利后来给了我好多练习题让我分析我的天哪发现自己越分析越混乱了大脑短路......自己也开始搞了~~~这样明显要误人子弟的哇~我赶紧把虚拟语气的用法从头到尾又看了一遍~今天还帮一个人分析了十几道题丫丫的花了我两个多小时......累啊~~~想到自己那时候做家教时两个小时貌似也只能分析分析考卷 O(∩_∩)O~

OK 废话少说接下来为大家提供英语虚拟语气的完整版用法为什么说完整

版呢因为其中还包括了if引导的条件状语从句、wish虚拟语气等用法也算是吐血贡献出来啦~想当初本人也是上网从各个地方搜集来滴~还好没删掉

O(∩_∩)O~希望对有需要的朋友们有所帮助哦~

=======================我是无聊滴分割线下面进入脑弦紧绷状态

啦====================

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。

I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:

1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。

2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had ＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.

3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +动词原形。If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday

4.省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, were等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldn‟t do that.==>Were I in your place, I wouldn‟t do that.

5. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn‟t have achieved so much. But for（“要不是......”的意思）your help, I would not have succeeded.

II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:

1. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.

His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.

The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.

2. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如advice, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.

It was Bill‟s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.

He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.

It…s natural that she (should) do so.

It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.

4. 在lest和for fear that(以免),in case(以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.

She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.

Have your gun ready in case we should need it.

III: wish 后的that 从句中:

1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.

I wish I knew his address.

I wish I were young.