《基因组学》PPT课件
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第十章 基因组学 (Genomics)
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Structural Genomics 结构基因组学 Functional Genomics 功能基因组学
Transcriptomics 转录物组学 Proteomics 蛋白质组学
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第一节 真核生物基因组组成
Organization of Eukaryotic Genome
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1. Genetic map 遗传图
The map in which mutant alleles or DNA markers are assigned relative positions along a chromosome on the basis of the recombination frequencies between them
Tetrahymena, GGGGTT Human, GGGATT Telomere-associated sequences: is repetitive and is found both adjacent to and within the telomere. The sequences vary among organisms.
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Highly repetitive sequences 高度重复序列 5~300bp , 105 copies
Middle-repetitive sequences 中度重复序列 10~1000 copies
Unique sequences 单拷贝序列
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▪ Gene family（基因家族）: a set of genes in one genome all descended from the same ancestral gene.
◇All members in a
family may locate on the same (gene cluster 基 因簇) or different
loci
◇The genes in a
family can be identical or not identical
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◇Psudogene 假基因
短散布元件 , ＜ 500bp , ＞500,000 copies
Alu family
◇ long interspersed nuclear elements, LINEs
长散布元件
L1, 6400bp, 100,000 copies
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Clustered repetitive sequences 串联重复序列
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◇ RFLP
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms
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RFLP results from mutations that eliminate or create a restriction site
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Centromeric and Telomeric DNA sequence ◇ Centromere Yeast centromere region
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11
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◇ Telomere
Two types of telomere sequences
Telomeric DNA sequences: consists of short tandem repeats, that contributes to the stability and integrity of the chromosomes
An inactive gene derived from an ancestral active gene.
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8
Dispersed repetitive sequences（散在重复序 列 ）result from transposition
◇ short interspersed nuclear elements, SINEs
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13
第二节 结构基因组学 Structural Genomics
── Characterize the structure of the genome
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14
一、人类基因组作图 Mapping human genome
Human Genome Project
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15
An overview of the strategy used in HGP
◇satellite DNA （卫星DNA ） 100~500bp → 100~5000 kb
◇minisatellite DNA （小卫星DNA ） 11~60bp → 100bp ~ 20kb
◇microsatellite DNA （微卫星DNA ）
1~5 bp , (CA)5~50, account for 0.5%
The increase of total DNA content are dramatic
DNA content in closely related organisms can vary 10-fold or more
There are large scale of non-coding sequence in eukaryotic gox and evolutionary complexity C值悖理与进化的复杂性
C value: the amount of DNA contained in the haploid genome of a species
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3
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C value paradox
（利用重组作图技术构建的能显示基因以
及其它DNA标记在染色体上位置的图谱）
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17
Genetic markers（遗传标记） Alleles are the firstly used landmarks
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18
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DNA markers used as landmarks ◇RFLP 限制性片段长度多态性 ◇STRP 简单串联重复多态性 ◇SNP 单核苷酸多态性
ppt课件
1
Structural Genomics 结构基因组学 Functional Genomics 功能基因组学
Transcriptomics 转录物组学 Proteomics 蛋白质组学
ppt课件
2
第一节 真核生物基因组组成
Organization of Eukaryotic Genome
ppt课件
16
1. Genetic map 遗传图
The map in which mutant alleles or DNA markers are assigned relative positions along a chromosome on the basis of the recombination frequencies between them
Tetrahymena, GGGGTT Human, GGGATT Telomere-associated sequences: is repetitive and is found both adjacent to and within the telomere. The sequences vary among organisms.
ppt课件
5
Highly repetitive sequences 高度重复序列 5~300bp , 105 copies
Middle-repetitive sequences 中度重复序列 10~1000 copies
Unique sequences 单拷贝序列
ppt课件
6
▪ Gene family（基因家族）: a set of genes in one genome all descended from the same ancestral gene.
◇All members in a
family may locate on the same (gene cluster 基 因簇) or different
loci
◇The genes in a
family can be identical or not identical
ppt课件
7
◇Psudogene 假基因
短散布元件 , ＜ 500bp , ＞500,000 copies
Alu family
◇ long interspersed nuclear elements, LINEs
长散布元件
L1, 6400bp, 100,000 copies
ppt课件
9
Clustered repetitive sequences 串联重复序列
ppt课件
20
◇ RFLP
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms
ppt课件
21
RFLP results from mutations that eliminate or create a restriction site
ppt课件
10
Centromeric and Telomeric DNA sequence ◇ Centromere Yeast centromere region
ppt课件
11
ppt课件
12
◇ Telomere
Two types of telomere sequences
Telomeric DNA sequences: consists of short tandem repeats, that contributes to the stability and integrity of the chromosomes
An inactive gene derived from an ancestral active gene.
ppt课件
8
Dispersed repetitive sequences（散在重复序 列 ）result from transposition
◇ short interspersed nuclear elements, SINEs
ppt课件
13
第二节 结构基因组学 Structural Genomics
── Characterize the structure of the genome
ppt课件
14
一、人类基因组作图 Mapping human genome
Human Genome Project
ppt课件
15
An overview of the strategy used in HGP
◇satellite DNA （卫星DNA ） 100~500bp → 100~5000 kb
◇minisatellite DNA （小卫星DNA ） 11~60bp → 100bp ~ 20kb
◇microsatellite DNA （微卫星DNA ）
1~5 bp , (CA)5~50, account for 0.5%
The increase of total DNA content are dramatic
DNA content in closely related organisms can vary 10-fold or more
There are large scale of non-coding sequence in eukaryotic gox and evolutionary complexity C值悖理与进化的复杂性
C value: the amount of DNA contained in the haploid genome of a species
ppt课件
3
ppt课件
4
C value paradox
（利用重组作图技术构建的能显示基因以
及其它DNA标记在染色体上位置的图谱）
ppt课件
17
Genetic markers（遗传标记） Alleles are the firstly used landmarks
ppt课件
18
ppt课件
19
DNA markers used as landmarks ◇RFLP 限制性片段长度多态性 ◇STRP 简单串联重复多态性 ◇SNP 单核苷酸多态性