【干货】长难句秒变简单句!收下这份句子成分大汇总(1)

【干货】长难句秒变简单句！收下这份句子成分大汇总（1）

概念

句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

▲句子成分分类

主语

主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。

大多数主语都在句首。

如：

讲述“谁” We work in a big factory.

讲述“什么”The classroom is very big.

数词作主语Three are enough.

从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.

▲在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：

There are some bottles of milk in the box.

▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如： It is very interesting toplay the game called “treat or trick”.

It took two workers aboutthree months to build the house.

谓语

谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。

如：He is very generous.

She looks very smart and cool

表语

表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、

宾语

▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。

如：

名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes.

代词做宾语He often helps me.

不定式作宾语 He likes to sleep in theopen air.

动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed livingin China.

从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work intime.

▲直接宾语和间接宾语

及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：We brought themsome food.

主谓间宾直宾

间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。

宾补

在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。

名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.

如:

名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.

形容词作宾补Don’t make your hands dirty.

副词作宾补We found Li Ming out when we arrived.

介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.

省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.

带to的不定式作宾补The boy ordered the dog to lie down.

现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.

过去分词作宾补 Yesterday he got his leg broken.

在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：

▲“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。

We call himJack. They made Li Lei their monitor.

▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如：Do you think his idea wrong? We must keep our classroom clean.

We can’t leave him alone.

▲“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere 等。如：Let him in/ out.

Mr. Li droveus home. When got there, we found him out.

▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如：We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend.

He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.

▲“宾语+不定式”

充当宾补的不定式有三种：

A 要求带to的不定式

B要求不带to的不定式let, make, see, hear, watch等

C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to

▲“宾语+现在分词”

现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。

I saw them playing on the playground. I heard Mary singing in the classroom.

▲“宾语+过去分词”。

宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。

I had my bikestolen.

The teacherexplained again and again to make himself understood.