X52K数控改造毕业设计

X52K型立式铣床的数控改造设计（控制部分）

摘要

X52k是立式升降台式铣床，本文在其基础上进行数控化改造（控制部分），把其改造成经济型数控铣床。改造的主要模块：控制部分的数控化改造。其主要改造的部分：数控系统的选择、伺服系统的选择、硬件系统元件的选择以及接线和软件编程的设计,并最终对整体改造的结果进行评估。

数控化改造后的铣床除拥有原铣床的加工功能外，还拥有伺服进给控制、键盘显示、控制面板管理、行程控制管理等功能。本文数控改造是采用步进电机为驱动执行元件的开环控制系统，以MCS-51型单片机为控制处理芯片，并可以实现对平面两坐标数控联动,使改造后的铣床能加工除了铣削键槽、平面及孔等简单的零件外，还能加工形状复杂（如加工圆弧面、斜面及凸轮等）的零件。

改造后的数控铣床具有定位精度和重复定位精度较高、用途广泛、价格低廉、维修方便等优点。最后再对系统的误差及精度进行分析，并提出改进的方法、建议。

关键词：X52K;数控化改造；控制部分；MCS-51;电路设计；软件编程

X52K type vertical milling machine reconstruction design of CNC（control section）

Abstract

X52k is vertical lift desktop milling machine , in this paper, on the basis of the numerical control transformation(control section). Its transformation into economical nc milling machine . The main module transformation;control part of the numerical control transformation. The main part of the reform; NC system selectionservo system selection , hardware system components selection and wiring and software programming design, and finally the overall reconstruction results of the assessment. Numerical control after the transformation of the milling except possesses milling machine processing function outside , also owns servo control,KD Keyboard displaycontrol panel management,travel control management,and other. functions. This paper adopts CNC transformation is stepping motor driven actuators open-loop control system,with MCS - 51 type microcontroller as control processing chip,and can realize two coordinates of planar nc linkage.Make the milling machine can process after reforming keyway except milling, planar and hole and simple parts outside.Still can processing complex shape of parts(Such as processing arc surface, cant and CAM etc).

After the transformation of CNC milling machine has the location accuracy and repositioning precision,extensive use,low prices,easy maintenance etc . Finally the error and the accuracy of system is analyzed.And proposed the improvement methods and Suggestions.

Keywords:X52K; Numerical control transformation; Control section;MCS-51; Circuit design;Software programming

目录

第一章X52k铣床数控化改造概述 ................................................ - 1 -

1.1数控化改造的发展概况 ..............................................................................- 1 -

1.2 X52K数控化改造概要 .................................................................................- 2 -

1.3 X52K数控改造的主要过程 .........................................................................- 2 -

1.4 X52K数控化改造后的优点 .........................................................................- 2 -第二章改造的整体方案与分析 ..................................................... - 3 -

2.1 总体方案设计 .............................................................................................- 3 -

2.2 数控化改造前后对比 .................................................................................- 4 -第三章控制系统的数控化改造 ..................................................... - 5 -

3.1控制系统的设计 ..........................................................................................- 5 -

3.2控制系统的主要功能 ..................................................................................- 5 -

3.3 数控系统的硬件设计 .................................................................................- 6 -

3.4 数控系统硬件连线详解 .......................................................................... - 13 -第四章软件编程设计 .................................................................. - 15 -

4.1概述 ........................................................................................................... - 15 -

4.2控制软件的组成和功能 ........................................................................... - 15 -

4.3插补程序设计 ............................................................................................- 17 -

4.4键盘扫描程序设计 ....................................................................................- 20 -

4.5加减速控制程序编程 ............................................................................... - 23 -第五章误差来源及精度分析 ....................................................... - 26 -

5.1数控部分误差来源 ....................................................................................- 26 -

5.2数控系统误差补偿分析 ............................................................................- 26 -第六章总结 ..................................................................................- 27 -参考文献 ....................................................................................... - 28 -致谢............................................................................................... - 29 -附录............................................................................................... - 30 -

附录1 插补程序 ............................................................................................ - 30 -附录2 键盘扫描程序 .................................................................................... - 32 -附录3电机的加减速控制程序 ..................................................................... - 33 -