2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习(倒装句+省略句+强调句+情态动词)

倒装句和省略句
重难点分析
一、倒装句
倒装句主要考查以下几个方面：
◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装；
◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装；
◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装；
◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。

1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示
(1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem
to be等。

如：
There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。

(2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时
不到装。

如：
Away it flew. 它飞走了。

(3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒
装。

如：
“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。

(4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。

如：
— Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。

— So he does. 确实是。

② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。

如：
— Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。

— So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。

(5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意：
①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。

如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。

②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。

如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

如：
Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。

(6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。

如：
Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。

二、省略句
高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。

缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。

高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。

省略句用法一览表：
考点练透
一、完成句子根据句意或括号中所给的提示完成句子。

1. Not until ___________ (I; shout) at the top of my voice ___________ (he; turn)
his head.
2. I won the prize at last. Never in my life ___________ (I; feel) so happy.
3. Hardly ___________ (the thief; see) the police ___________ he ran away.
4. — Hurry up! There ___________ (the bell; go).
— My goodness! Has Mrs. Li come yet?
— Look! Here ___________ (she; come).
5. Not only ___________ (he; like) singing, but ___________ (he; have) a good
voice.
6. — David has passed the final exam smoothly.
— So ___________ (he; have), and ___________ (I; have).
7. So ___________ (he; be frightened) in the darkness that he did not dare to
move an inch.
8. Up ___________ (the balloon; go) into the air.
9. At the foot of the mountain ___________ (a village; lie).
10. I have tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ___________ (the teacher; be satisfied) with my progress.
11. If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party, neither ___________ (他也不去).
12. Should ___________ (如果明天下雨), we would have to put off the sports
meeting.
13. Child ___________ (尽管只是孩子), he shows great consideration towards the
others.
14. — Mike hadn’t passed the exam and was afraid of being scolded.
— ___________ (我也一样).
15. ________________________ (我们一听到铃声) than we rushed into the
classroom.
16. — He hasn’t finished the work yet.
— Well, he _____________________ (本该完成).
17. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ___________ (see) whether he was going in the right direction.
18. — Is your mother a teacher?
— No, but she ___________ (过去是).
19. — Do you know Anna’s telephone number?
—___________ (恐怕不知). As a matter of fact, I don’t know anything about Anna.
20. — Who should be responsible fro the accident?
— The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order ___________ (按被告诉的).
二、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dear friends,
I am happy to give a talk, sharing what I learnt about first aid.
First aid is the timely treatment 1 (give) to the injured before doctors come.
Students 2 we are, we should prepare for an emergency by learning something about first aid, 3 is urgently needed in some accidents. For example, if someone suffers from 4 sprained ankle while doing sports, the best way to treat 5 is to put an ice pack or cold water on his ankle.
When 6 (treat) a cut, we should take immediate action to clean the wound and stop the bleeding. Call 120 if the injury is too severe to deal with.
Besides, keeping a first-aid kit 7 (hand) is a wise choice. Of course, the kit is supposed to contain necessary items that can deal with a variety of emergencies.
In conclusion, knowing how to perform first aid is of great importance in our daily life, which sometimes means a total difference 8 life and death. Only 9
a cool mind and adequate knowledge of first aid can we offer a helping hand 10 necessary.
助读词汇
timely adj. 及时的 emergency n. 紧急情况
urgently adv. 迫切地 severe adj.严重的
perform vt. 执行 adequate adj. 足够的；充足的
sprained ankle 裸关节扭伤 ice pack 冰袋
first-aid kit 急救箱 be supposed to 理应
necessary items 必须物品 a variety of 各种各样的
三、佳作欣赏下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达，其中也包含有倒装结构和省略结构，用心体会其用法。

A special relay race was held for Senior Three on the school playground on Wednesday, October 22. Compared with traditional relay race, this activity adopted a new rule, which allowed 20 runners in each team and required that each runner covered 200 meters. Twelve classes in our grade were divided into two groups to compete with each other, with Class Two winning the championship in the end. When asked how they felt about the competition, students all considered this new activity to be interesting and meaningful. More importantly, not only did the activity increase students’interest in doing exercise, but it also strengthened their love for their class.
参考答案
考点练透
一、完成句子
1. I shouted; did he turn
2. have I felt
3. had the thief seen; when
4. goes the bell; she comes
5. does he; he has
6. he has; so have I
7. frightened was he
8. went the balloon
9. lies a village 10. is the teacher satisfied 11. will he 12. it rain tomorrow 13. as/though he is 14. So it was with me. 15. No sooner had we heard the ring 16. should/ought to have 17. to see 18. used to be 19. I’m afraid not 20. as told
二、语法填空
这是一篇发言稿。

作者主要介绍对于各种紧急情况，我们（学生）该如何正确是进行适当的急救，同时也告诉我们急救的重要性和意义。

1. given 分析句子成分可知，此空是个非谓语。

treatment与give存在被动关系，故填过去分词构成过去分词短语作后置定语。

2. as 此空后是两个分句，一定是填连接词。

根据整句句意可知，此处存在一个让步
法：as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装结构。

3. which 引导非限定性定语从句，补充说明前面的first aid。

4. a 不定冠词的基本用法，此处a意为“一个/次(裸关节扭伤)”。

5. it 缺少宾语填代词，it指代前面的sprained ankle.
6. treating 分析句子成分可知，动词treat并无主语，故在此处肯定是作非谓语。

而treat的逻辑主语是we，故填现在分词形式。

7. handy 作宾补用形容词，handy意为“便利的，容易取得的”。

8. between 习惯搭配between…and…意为“在……和……之间”。

9. with 常用句型，only with…意为“只有具备……”。

Only位于句首要用倒装结构。

10. when 根据句意可知，此处理应填一个表时间的连接词。

when necessary是个省略结构，完整应该是when it is necessary，when引导时间状语从句。

强调句
重难点分析
高考命题导向：“It is/was…who/that…”强调句型是高考考查的重点内容之一。

此句型可强调主语、宾语、状语。

如果要强调谓语，用do/does/did+动词原形。

高考通常考查强调句与几个易混句型连词的使用和强调句的问句。

一、相关句型构成的强调句
1. 陈述句的强调句型
It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。

如：
It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他是昨天遇见李平的。

2. 一般疑问句的强调句型
同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。

如：
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 他是昨天遇见李平的吗？
3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型
被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/was + it + that/who + 其他部分？
When and where was it that you were born? 你是何时何地出生的？
4. not…until…句型的强调句
A. 句型为：It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
普通句：He didn’t go to bed until his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
注意：此句型只用until，不用till。

但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用。

5. 谓语动词的强调
A. It is/was ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does 或did。

如：
Do sit down. 务必请坐。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必(千万)要小心啊！
注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。

二、强调句型注意事项一览表
注意：在美国英语中，强调句强调事物时常用which来代替that。

考点练透
一、单句填空根据句意用适当的关联词填空。

1. It was along the Mississippi River ___________ Mark Twain spent much of his
childhood.
2. It is the ability to do the job ___________ matters, not where you come from
or what you are.
3. — What was the party like?
— Wonderful. It is years ___________ I enjoyed myself so much.
4. It was October ___________ they finally came back to their hometown.
5. It was in the lab that was taken charge of by Professor Li ___________ they
did the experiment.
6. It will be more than 100 years ___________ the country begins once again to
look as it did before.
7. ___________ is it that has made Peter what he is today?
8. I have already forgotten ___________ it was that you put the dictionary.
9. I have always been hon est and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter
___________ it is that I am talking to.
10. It was ___________ he did ___________ frightened me.
二、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Animals may also become extinct through direct destruction. This includes the
early humans lived more in harmony with nature, 2 killed animals for essentials like food and clothing. When guns 3 (invent), mass destruction of species was possible. Animals have been, and still are, killed 4 meat, clothing, medicines, feathers, eggs, trophies (战利品), tourist souvenirs — and sometimes just for amusement. Some species are still captured in the wild for the live pet trade, even though 5 numbers are decreasing.
The 6 (extinct) of at least 500 species of animals has been caused by man, most of them in this century. Today there are about 5,000 endangered animals and at least one species dies out every year. There are probably many more which become extinct 7 anyone knowing.
loss and climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has
9 (range) from “least concern” through to “critically endangered”. It is their assessment 10 we will refer to here.
助读词汇
extinct adj. 灭绝的 capture vt. 捕获
essentials n. 生活必需品 souvenir n. 纪念品
assessment n. 评估 in harmony with 与……和谐
mass destruction 大规模杀伤 be cited as 被称为
refer to 涉及 critically endangered 极度濒危
三、佳作欣赏下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达，其中也包含有强调结构，用心体会其用法。

An old man fished by the river and he was so skillful that soon his basket was full of fish. A lovely child came by and the old man would like to give all his fish to him, but the child rejected. Surprised, the man asked for the reason and the child said, “I would like to take your fish pole, because this basket of fish would soon be eaten up, but with the fish pole, I can catch fish myself whenever I want to eat fish all my life.” The little child thought that he could get fish just with the fishing tool, but actually it is the skill to fish that is the key to countless fish. So rather than simply take the tools, we should always learn the way to “fish” in our life.
参考答案
考点练透
一、单句填空
1. that
2. that
3. since
4. when
5. that
6. before
7. What
8. where
9.
who 10. what; that
二、语法填空
本文作者向我们介绍物种灭绝的原因以及濒危动物面临的状况。

1. but 空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。

根据两句间的关系可知，此处存在一个转折关系，故填but。

2. they 缺少主语填代词。

they在此指代前面的early humans。

3. were invented 分析句子成分可知，动词invent作谓语，故只需要考虑时态和语态。

根据上下语境可知时态是一般过去式，invent与主语guns存在被动关系。

故填一般过去式被动语态were invented正确。

5. their 分析句子成分可知numbers在此作主语，但这到底是“谁的数量”？不清楚。

所以需要填一个形容词性物主代词。

此处their指前面的Some species的。

6. extinction 作主语用名词形式。

有任何人知道”，故填without。

8. The 表特指必须用定冠词。

9. ranging 分析句子成分可知，动词range在此作非谓语。

此外range与逻辑主语endangered species是主动关系，故填ranging作伴随状语。

10. that 强调句型It is…that…，故填that。

句意：我们将在这里涉及到的就是他们的评估(本句引出下文)。

情态动词
重难点分析
情态动词的高考命题导向：情态动词表示说话者的观点和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能单独充当谓语，必须与其他动词连用。

注意区别具有相同功能的，意思相近的情态动词的用法。

一、情态动词基本用法一览表
二、“情态动词+be doing”和“情态动词+have done”用法一览表
考点练透
一、单句填空用情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空。

1. I should have been there, but I ___________ find the time.
2. Helen ___________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
3. Tom, you ___________ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
4. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___________ be so rude to
a lady.
5. It has been announced that candidates ___________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
6. — Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
— She ___________. I have already borrowed one.
7. John, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour?
8. — ___________ this book be yours?
— No, it ___________ be mine. It ___________ he his.
9. As a girl, she ___________ get up at six every day.
10. ___________ he to clean the classroom after school?
11. You ___________ be tired after the long trip, aren’t you?
12. — What’s the name?
— Khulaifi. ___________ I spell that for you?
13. You ___________ (see) the film, haven’t you?
14. You ___________ (talk) on the phone at that time, for I couldn’t get through.
15. They ___________ (miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from
coming for some reasons.
16. ___________ you pass the College Entrance Examination!
17. He had known the matter before you told him, so you ___________ (not tell)
it to him.
18. I did not call to make any airline reservation but I ___________.
19. The light is out. They ___________ (not work) now.
20. — My cat is really fat.
— You ___________ (not give) her so much food.
二、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Many students want to know about the differences between American English and
this question. At first the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776 American became 2 independent country. After that, the language 3 (slow) began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, 4 the language in England changed. For example, 300 years ago the English talked about “fall”. Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, 5 Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the expression “I guess”(meaning “I think”), just 6 the British did 300 years ago.
At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words languages, 7 (end) up with different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish.
(great) in the spoken language. For example, Americans say dance /dæns/, and in southern England people say /dɑ:ns/. In America
ɑ:t/; in southern England they say /nɔt/. However, most of the
in 10 (understand) each other
助读词汇
independent adj. 独立的 pronounce vt. 发音
come about 产生 after that 之后
in the same way 同样；以同样的方式 have difficulty in 在某方面有困难
参考答案
考点练透
一、单句填空
1. couldn’t
2. may
3. must
4. should
5. shall
6. needn’t
7. Must
8. Can; can’t; must
9. would 10. Ought 11. must 12. Shall 13. must have seen 14. must be talking 15. must have missed 16. May 17. needn’t have told 18. should have 19. can’t be working 20. shouldn’t have given
二、语法填空
本文主要介绍英国英语和美国英语之间的差异。

1. to 常用搭配，answer to the question(问题的答案)。

类似还有key to the door(门的钥匙)。

2. an 不定冠词的基本用法，an在此意为“一个(独立的国家)”。

空后independent 以元音音素开头，故填an。

3. slowly 副词修饰动词。

4. while 这里是两种语言的对比，用转折连词while。

(两者对比常用并列连词while)
5. but 空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。

根据两句间的逻辑关系可知此处存在一个转折关系，故填but。

6. as 根据句意可知，此处是指“正如300年前不列颠人使用的一样”。

just as在此意为“正如”，引导方式状语从句。

7. ending 分析句子成分可知，动词end在此作非谓语。

end在此与逻辑主语British English and American English是主动关系，故填ending作结果状语。

8. greater 这是一个隐性比较级。

句意：在口语方面的不同之处就更大了。

9. they 缺少主语填代词，they在此指代前面的Americans。

10. understanding 介词后的动词需用动名词形式。