SAT语法考点列表及例题

副词用法 介宾动宾 单词的固 定搭配 固定词组 比较级和 最高级 动词词形
常规 特殊主语 倒装 从句
时态选用 时态一致 虚拟语气
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1. 主语和谓语 1.1 缺主语 1.2 多主语 1.3 错主语[悬垂修饰] 1.4 主谓一致 1.5 缺谓语 1.6 时态错 1.7 语态错 2. 粘连句 3. 平行结构 3.1 平行列举或陈述 3.2 平行比较 3.3 句间平行 4. 并列和从属 1. 主语和谓语
1.3 错主语[悬垂修饰]
在含有独立结构的句子中经常会出现悬垂修饰的错误。 独立结构是指在句子主干之前或 之后存在一个附加结构，如现在分词结构、过去分词结构、介词结构、同位修饰结构等。这 些结构所指向的对象称作“逻辑主语” 。如果句子的主语与独立结构的逻辑主语一致，那么 句子是正确的；否则便造成了“悬垂修饰” （dangling modifier）的错误。悬垂修饰考点在 SAT 语法中是必考的，特别是在改进句子题（IS）中经常出现。
主语是一个句子陈述的对象。通常情况下，主语是句子必不可少的成分之一。缺少主语 的句子一般较容易发现，但在超长的句子中则比较隐蔽，需要认真辨别。 例：While usually unable to locate the source of it, even on a moonlit night. [32-30]
1.4 主谓一致
主语和谓语应在数上保持它们的一致性，即复数主语必须用复数谓语；单数主语 必须用单数谓语。解题关键在于：找准主语，明确主语的单复数形式。 （ 1 ）常规的主谓一致【送分题】
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例 1 ： Few issues is (A) as likely (B) to provoke widespread interest as those (C) involving possible danger to (D) the health or safety of children. No error (E) （ 2 ）特殊主语的主谓一致 由 and 连接的两个名词或代词充当句子的主语，如果它们表示的是两样东西，则需 用复数谓语；否则用单数谓语。 例 1 ： A job directory and a job service centre that provides (A) information for (B) students in need of (C) employment is (D) available through the school’s guidance office. No error (E) 例 2 ： The convenience and availability of watercolor paint account for its popularity with artists. [71-14] (A) account for its popularity (B) account for their popularity (C) accounts for its popularity 例 3 ： Introducing (A) new ideas and replacing old ones (B) is (C) always a highly controversial matter, especially when (D) there is always tension between an older and a younger generation. No error (E) [ 65-14] 主语后有定语或插入语时，不要把靠近谓语的名词当成主语。 “ 就前原则 ” 例 4： The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York. No error (E). (OG P161.1) 例 5 ： The record left by fossils, the ancient remains of plants and animals, provide (A) scientists with (B) their primary source of (C) information about (D) prehistoric life. No error (E) 例 6 ： The main reasons students give for failing to participate in the political process is that they have demanding assignments and work at part-time jobs. [11-6] (A) is that they have demanding assignments and work at (B) are demanding assignments and they work at (C) are that they have demanding assignments and that they work at (D) is having demanding assignments and having to work at (E) are demanding assignments, in addition to working at 例 7 ： [75-24] 抽象概念的主语通常来说是一个不可数名词，所以谓语一般都用单数形式。 例 8 ： Studying (A) the language and culture of a foreign country are （ B ） highly recommended to the tourist who expects (C) to learn from (D) his or her vacation abroad. No error (E) 例 9 ： [ 84-27] “one of + 复数名词 ” 做主语，主语是 one, 谓语动词用单数。 例 10 ： [ 54-4] 例 11 ： [ 70-7]
1.2 多主语
例 1 ： Serving as either business tools or recreational devices, computers, they are increasingly popular. [51-2] (A) computers, they are increasingly popular (B) their popularity has increased (C) they have become more popular (D) computers are increasingly popular (E) computers, they are popular 例 2：[77-34-E] Local government, enjoying the benefits of taxes collected from business and industry, they tend to shy away from pressure to recycle.
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（1）现在分词结构 例： Lacking good instruction, my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous. (A) my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous (B) I made numerous mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends (C) there were numerous mistakes in the graph I created to illustrate historical trends (D) I created a graph to illustrate historical trends with numerous mistakes (E) The graph I made for illustrating historical trends had numerous mistakes 例：While driving down the road, the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the family’s attention [64-5] (A) the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the family’s attention (B) the house having the large yard and a small pond attracted the attention of the family (C) the house with the yard and small pond was attractive to the family’s attention (D) the family’s attention was attracted by the house with the large yard and small pond (E) the family was attracted to the house with the large yard and small pond （2）过去分词结构 例： Carried by the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere( 同温层 ), the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two weeks. (A) the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that (B) Mount Saint Helens’ eruption in 1980 caused dust that (C) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens (D) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens that (E) there was dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and it （3）介词结构 例 By simply entering an Internet website or calling a toll-free number, a catalog order can be placed for almost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers. (A) a catalog order can be placed (B) by placing a catalog order (C) they will place your catalog order (D) you can place a catalog order (E) your catalog order can be placed 例： Quincy took Dan to Jack’s house for a visit, (A) never imagining (B) that ten years would pass (C) before seeing (D) Jack again. No error (E)
Holly-liu: liuhuani@hotmail.com 2012
SAT 语法考点列表
SAT 语法
综合
百度文库句法
其他
词法
主语和谓语
粘 连 句
平行 结构
并列 从属
名词和代词
其他
缺主语 多主语 错主语 [悬垂 修饰]
主谓一致
缺谓语 时态错 语态错
平行列举 或陈述 平行比较 句间平行
不当并列 不当从属
名词与代词 的数 精确指代 人称的一致 主宾格代词 关系代词
4.1 不当并列 4.2 不当从属 5. 名词与代词 5.1 名词与代词的数 5.2 代词的精确指代 5.3 人称的一致 5.4 主宾格代词 5.5 关系代词错用 6. 其他词法 6.1 副词的用法 6.2 介宾和动宾 6.3 单词的固定搭配 6.4 固定词组 6.5 比较级和最高级 6.6 动词词形 1.1 缺主语