译林英语必修3 Unit3 Grammar and usage PPT课堂课件(59页)
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(此句中either...or...连接两个动词，因为主 语是单数第三人称，谓语动词要用其相应 的形式。)
either...or...连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最 近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我 们通常说的“就近原则”。例如： Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要 么你去那里，要么我去那里。 注意：如果把上句变成一般疑问句，助动词形式 与主语 you 保持一致，所以要用are提问，而不是 am。例如：
3. 作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系 ① 及物动词（短语）的过去分词用作宾语补足语时， 宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间 存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如：
I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。 ② 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作 宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去 分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如：
（六）不定式作宾语补足语
1. 常接带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动 词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等；
2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动 词有：see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause 等。
（七）分词作宾语补足语 用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形
成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是 动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如：
He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。 ②当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的 宾补时，用现在分词的形式。例如：
She stood there with her heart beating fast. 她觉得心跳很快。 (beat 意为“心跳”，是不及物动词)
Unfortunately, it turned out that I had left my water bottle __in__t_h_e_h_o_t_e_l ____! Jane shared her water with me. This helped me _r_e_c_o_v_e_r______ some strength.
如：We call them mooncakes. （see, watch, hear, find, keep等。 如：In the country, we can hear birds singing.
（五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有： keep, find, leave等。如：I left my pen on my desk at home.
如： I often see him play football. She often asks me to help her. We don’t allow such things to happen again. Most of the parents agree to forbid their
宾语补足语对宾语作出进一步的补充说明。
They called her the Loulan Beauty.
在这句话中，her是宾语，the Loulan Beauty 作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语her的情况。
Position V. + Object + object complement
The inspector shot the drug-dealer dead. (= The drug-dealer was shot dead by the
housework. ②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带 to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去 了to，这些动词有： 一感二听三让四观看。
一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语 态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式 (have没有 被动语态)。
order 等，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如： The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。 ②感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：
补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分 词的逻辑宾语，因而用过去分词。例如：
She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。 (fix one’s eyes on 为固定短语，因此，不可将句中 fixed 换为 fixing)
We believe Professor Zhang __to__b_e_a___ _g_re_a_t_s_c_h_o_l_a_r___. His devotion to the study of Lolan has made him ___a_f_a_m__o_u_s_e_x_p_e_r_t___ in this field.
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 ③使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep 等后，
可用 过去分词作宾语补足语。例如： Have you got your films developed? 你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？
We have also found professor Zhang _v_e_r_y_k_i_n_d_a_n__d_p_a_t_i_en__t . He took the time to answer all our questions and his answers were very wise. When we walked in the desert this afternoon, we found the weatherr_e_a_ll_y_h_o_t. The extreme heat almost drove me c_r_a_z_y_. I sweat a lot and very thirsty.
inspector).
两种结构： 1. 主表型： 1) make our country beautiful (adjective) 2) call him Lao Li (noun) 3) find sb. out (adv.) 4) find sb. at home (Prep. phrase) 2. 主谓型： 1) ask sb. to do sth.（有to 不定式） 2) have sb. do sth. （无to 不定式） 3) see sb. doing sth. （现在分词） 4) have sth. done. （过去分词）
具体说明： （一）副词作宾语补足语
I found him in yesterday.
（二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有： keep, make, find等。
如：We must keep our classroom clean. （三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call,
name, make, think等。
children to smoke. She asked me to answer the phone in her
absence. Please remind me to leave her this note. She requested him to go with her.
3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ① help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以 带to也可以不带to。 如：I often help my mother (to) do some
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
Use the words and phrases in the box to complete the following.
a famous expert to be a great scholar in the hotel crazy really hot very kind and patient recover
Are either you or I going there tomorrow? 明天是你还是我去那里？ Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般 疑问句应为：Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你还是他在学校吃午饭？
Either…or … and neither … nor
一、either...or... either...or...意为“或者……或者……；不 是……就是……”之意。表示两者之一，连 接句子中两个并列的成分。例如： When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard. 由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after
by an old woman. 他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 2. 几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明： ①表示“意欲；命令”的动词如 like, want, wish,
She found her necklace gone on her way home. 在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。
③ 动词 seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足 语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义，因此，虽 然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能 用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：
④“ with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去 分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构 通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 例如：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了， 他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)
高一（下）
Unit 3 Back to the past
Grammar and usage
Grammar and usage
Object complement Either… or and neither… nor Subject-verb agreement
Object complement 宾语补足语
With water heated, we can see the steam.
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）
With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因） 注意： ①在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾
either...or...连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最 近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我 们通常说的“就近原则”。例如： Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要 么你去那里，要么我去那里。 注意：如果把上句变成一般疑问句，助动词形式 与主语 you 保持一致，所以要用are提问，而不是 am。例如：
3. 作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系 ① 及物动词（短语）的过去分词用作宾语补足语时， 宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间 存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如：
I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。 ② 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作 宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去 分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如：
（六）不定式作宾语补足语
1. 常接带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动 词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等；
2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动 词有：see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause 等。
（七）分词作宾语补足语 用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形
成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是 动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如：
He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。 ②当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的 宾补时，用现在分词的形式。例如：
She stood there with her heart beating fast. 她觉得心跳很快。 (beat 意为“心跳”，是不及物动词)
Unfortunately, it turned out that I had left my water bottle __in__t_h_e_h_o_t_e_l ____! Jane shared her water with me. This helped me _r_e_c_o_v_e_r______ some strength.
如：We call them mooncakes. （see, watch, hear, find, keep等。 如：In the country, we can hear birds singing.
（五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有： keep, find, leave等。如：I left my pen on my desk at home.
如： I often see him play football. She often asks me to help her. We don’t allow such things to happen again. Most of the parents agree to forbid their
宾语补足语对宾语作出进一步的补充说明。
They called her the Loulan Beauty.
在这句话中，her是宾语，the Loulan Beauty 作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语her的情况。
Position V. + Object + object complement
The inspector shot the drug-dealer dead. (= The drug-dealer was shot dead by the
housework. ②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带 to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去 了to，这些动词有： 一感二听三让四观看。
一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语 态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式 (have没有 被动语态)。
order 等，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如： The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。 ②感官动词 see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：
补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分 词的逻辑宾语，因而用过去分词。例如：
She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。 (fix one’s eyes on 为固定短语，因此，不可将句中 fixed 换为 fixing)
We believe Professor Zhang __to__b_e_a___ _g_re_a_t_s_c_h_o_l_a_r___. His devotion to the study of Lolan has made him ___a_f_a_m__o_u_s_e_x_p_e_r_t___ in this field.
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 ③使役动词 have, get, make, leave, keep 等后，
可用 过去分词作宾语补足语。例如： Have you got your films developed? 你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？
We have also found professor Zhang _v_e_r_y_k_i_n_d_a_n__d_p_a_t_i_en__t . He took the time to answer all our questions and his answers were very wise. When we walked in the desert this afternoon, we found the weatherr_e_a_ll_y_h_o_t. The extreme heat almost drove me c_r_a_z_y_. I sweat a lot and very thirsty.
inspector).
两种结构： 1. 主表型： 1) make our country beautiful (adjective) 2) call him Lao Li (noun) 3) find sb. out (adv.) 4) find sb. at home (Prep. phrase) 2. 主谓型： 1) ask sb. to do sth.（有to 不定式） 2) have sb. do sth. （无to 不定式） 3) see sb. doing sth. （现在分词） 4) have sth. done. （过去分词）
具体说明： （一）副词作宾语补足语
I found him in yesterday.
（二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有： keep, make, find等。
如：We must keep our classroom clean. （三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call,
name, make, think等。
children to smoke. She asked me to answer the phone in her
absence. Please remind me to leave her this note. She requested him to go with her.
3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ① help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以 带to也可以不带to。 如：I often help my mother (to) do some
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
Use the words and phrases in the box to complete the following.
a famous expert to be a great scholar in the hotel crazy really hot very kind and patient recover
Are either you or I going there tomorrow? 明天是你还是我去那里？ Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般 疑问句应为：Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你还是他在学校吃午饭？
Either…or … and neither … nor
一、either...or... either...or...意为“或者……或者……；不 是……就是……”之意。表示两者之一，连 接句子中两个并列的成分。例如： When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard. 由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after
by an old woman. 他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 2. 几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明： ①表示“意欲；命令”的动词如 like, want, wish,
She found her necklace gone on her way home. 在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。
③ 动词 seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足 语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义，因此，虽 然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能 用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：
④“ with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去 分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构 通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 例如：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了， 他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)
高一（下）
Unit 3 Back to the past
Grammar and usage
Grammar and usage
Object complement Either… or and neither… nor Subject-verb agreement
Object complement 宾语补足语
With water heated, we can see the steam.
水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）
With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因） 注意： ①在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾