英汉翻译课件1

英语介词译成汉语动词： 1. Party officials worked long hours on meagre food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部吃简陋的饭食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠着微弱的灯 光，长时间地工作。 2. Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then into a huge building. 他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然 后进了一座大厦。 3. You have to wash the pill with sips of water. 你得喝几口水，把药丸吞下去。 4. Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 千百万山里人终于摆脱了贫困。
“你让我倒他妈的八辈子邪霉了！”
On Translation Principles “That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; that the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original; that the translation should have all the ease of the original composition.”
英语形容词转译成汉语动词： resentful, certain, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, delighted, sorry, aware, concerned, glad, ashamed, anxious, grateful, suspicious，etc.
The Transformation between Stative and Dynamic in EC Translation
英语名词转译成汉语动词: 1.由动词派生的名词 （1）Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 （2）He is an ardent lover of classical music. 他酷爱古典音乐。 （3）He had been the ruler of that region for as long as twenty years. 他统治那个地区长达20年之久。

Ⅲ. Stative & dynamic（静态&动态）
The Static Tendency of English

The Dynamic Tendency of Chinese Translation skills：the Transformation between Stative and Dynamic in Translation Summary
2. 含有动词意味的名词往往可以转译成动词 （1）The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的飞机声，令我特别神往。 (2) The view from our window was one of beautiful green countryside. 从我们窗口可以看到一片绿色乡村的美景。 3. 英语中有些加-er的名词，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业， 而是含有较强的动作意味。 （1）I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 我未必会教你游泳。我想我的弟弟比我教得好。 （2）Some of my classmates are good singers. 我的同班同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好。
wk.baidu.com
练习：将英文中的名词、介词(短语),形容词和副词译成动词 1. Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk. 2. The old hunter is a good skier.
Contents
Ⅰ. Translation Standards （翻译标准）
Ⅱ. Translation Requirements（翻译要求）
Ⅲ. Stative & dynamic（静态&动态）
Ⅳ. Homework
Ⅰ. Translation Standards （翻译标准）
1. “信”、“达”、 “雅”


1. 医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人快 就恢复了。
a. The doctor arrived extremely quickly and examined the patient uncommonly carefully; the result was that he recovered very speedily.
（8）Any violation of the game rules is prohibited. 禁止违反游戏规则。 （9）He has long been used to last-minute decision. 他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟做出决定。 （10）The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。 （11）I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 我非常感激父亲，因为我小的时候他总是不断地鼓励我。 （12）His hatred for them grew more. 他对他们越来越憎恨。
计算机比人检查得更细心、更勤快。
1.

The Static Tendency of English （英语的静态倾向）
英语是屈折语，语言形态丰富（动词）。 英语动词的使用受形态的制约，因此名词在英语 中占优势。 英语名词的优势导致了英语介词的伴随优势。 英语形容词常用来表达动词的意义。 英语的静态表现：多用名词、介词和形容词。
英语副词转译成汉语动词：
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. You must be off now. That day he was up before sunrise. She opened the window to let fresh air in. He was away before dawn.
The Transformation between Stative and Dynamic in CE Translation
将汉语的动词译成英语的名词、介词、形容词或副词 1. 她妹妹老是撒谎。(名词) 2. 他谋杀了他的老板。（名词） 3. 那个家伙总是滔滔不绝地讲个不停。（形容词） 4. 他来到我家，请求帮助。（介词） 5. 他总是喝很多酒。（名词） 6. 这个小学生作文写得不错。（名词） 7. 许多学生反对他。（介词） 8. 他酷爱古典音乐。（名词） 9. 演出开始了。（副词）
2. “神似论”
严复（1898）
傅雷（1951）
3. “化境说”
钱钟书（1964）
4. 忠实 & 通顺（翻译初学者）
刘四狂笑起来：“哈哈，你这小子 要造反吗？说你哪，说谁！你给我马 上滚！看着你不错，赏你脸，你敢在 太岁头上动土，我是干什么的，你也 不打听打听！滚！永远别再教我瞧见 你，上他妈的这儿找便宜来啦，啊？
b. The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.
2. The computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human beings.
2. The Dynamic Tendency of Chinese （汉语的动态倾向）
汉语是非屈折语言，词类没有形态变化。

与名词比较，汉语动词的动态感强。 汉语的动态表现：多用动词，动词连用。
1. 2. 3.
4.
我倒了一杯茶给她喝。 他拿着枪，绕着屋子巡走。 晴雯笑道：“好啊，叫我研了墨，早起高兴， 只写了三个字，扔下笔就走了，哄我等了这一 天，快来给我写完了这些墨才罢！” 华大妈在枕头底掏了半天，掏出一包洋钱，交 给老栓，老栓接了，抖抖地装入衣袋，又在外 面按了两下，便点上灯笼，吹熄灯盏，走向里 屋去了。
Ⅱ. Translation Requirements（翻译要求）

To have a good command of Chinese(汉语功底好)
To have a good command of English(英语语言能 力强） To have a wide range of knowledge(知识面要广) To master some translation theories(掌握一些翻 译理论)
围绕中心
超出我的能力 笑了一笑 缺了一个把手 横穿马路 嘴上叼着香烟
Examples: 1. I am doubtful whether he is still alive. 我怀疑他是否还活着。 2. These children are very cooperative. 这些孩子们配合的很好。 3. They were news-hungry. 他们迫切地想得到信息
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Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。 They were suspicious and resentful of him. 他们不信任他，讨厌他。 I have to be cautious. 我必须小心谨慎。
（4）He is in full conviction that real knowledge is the end product of a thorough study of the history. 他深信，只有对历史加以透彻研究，才能真正学到知识。 （5）One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world. 一个接一个的发言人都表示要打到帝国主义，要消灭人剥 削人的制度， 要解放世界上的被压迫人民。 （6）An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。 （7）Human beings are creators of knowledge. 知识是人类创造的。
乘火车 反对这项提议
by train
against the proposal
around the center beyond my ability with a smile without a handle across the road with a cigarette between one’s lips