人教版 必修四 Unit 2 Learning about Language
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they have been able to use less farmland output of _____ grain than in the past. Their ______ crops however, is still the and other ______, same, which makes it possible for them to use the remaining farmland for planting trees. These and other farmers battles in the are starting to win small ______ disturbing growth great war against the __________ of the desert.
4. ________ circulate to make information and ideas known to many people 5. ____________ would rather would prefer to 6. ________ struggle to try extremely hard to
Doing nothing is doing ill． 一直不做就是作恶。 He said, “To go on like this is useless .” 他说: “继续这样下去是无用的。” It’s an honor for me to be invited to the party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。
1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如： Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种 很好的锻炼。 Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了 我的一种日常习惯。
1. _________ sunburnt brown (skin) from spending too much time in the sun 2. ________ rid…of to make something or somebody free of 3. _________ expand to become larger in size, number or amount
3. 在there is no + Ving 的结构中如： There is no hiding of evil but not to do it． 若要人不知, 除非己莫为。
There is no joking about such matter.
这种事开不得玩笑。
1、 动名词作主语表单数概念,谓语动词用 单数形式。 Walking after supper is good for your health. 2、 动名词的复合结构作主语 动名词的复合结构是指物主代词、名词所 有格是动名词逻辑上的主语、动名词是其 逻辑上的谓语。 Your coming made us happy. Your father’s cooking is very good.
The –ing form as the Subject and Object
Have you ever seen these signs?
parking, spitting, littering, smoking
动词-ing形式
1. 构成: 在动词末尾加-ing 。 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成 2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和 数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有 时态和语态的变化。 3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以 作主语、宾语等。
动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：
动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作, 不定式则通常表示具体的动作。 如： 还是个孩子的时侯, 她就觉得探视病人是 一种责任, 也是一种愉悦。 As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure．
我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake．
晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?
Do you feel like having a walk with me after
supper?
人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
People couldn’t help laughing foolish man．
1.只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有 avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。 如： I can’t avoid going． Have you considered looking for one special friend?
3 Complete the passage with the words below in their proper forms.
disturbing expand output struggle battles grain crops decade equip
In the past _______, decade some of the farmers in the west of China have met with some struggle against the success in the ________ expanding desert. _________ Equipped with new __________ scientific farming methods,
2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。 在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后， 用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重 点有些不同, 动名词表示泛指的动作, 不定式表示具体的一次性动作。 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和 不定式, 意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的 时候。
2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it 作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。 常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。如: It’s no use making an excuse for this. 为这件事找借口是没有用的。 It’s dangerous swimming in the sea on windy days. 有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。
在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用 动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作
先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作。如：
There is no sense in doing
做……没有道理
There is/was no use doing
干……无意义
There is/was nothing worse than doing
没有比……更糟的
There is/was no point doing
干……无意义
完成句子
• • • • • • • • 1. 玩火危险。 Playing with fire is dangerous. _______________ 2. 和他不能开玩笑。 no joking There is ___________ with him. 3. 这份工作值得一做。 is worth doing The job ___________________ . 4. 见到你是一件非常高兴的事。 Meeting you has been a great pleasure. __________
achieve something
7. export ______ to send things to foreign countries for sale 8. satisfied ___________ with pleased by having what one wants or needs 9. ______ equip to provide with things necessary for a certain purpose 10. _____ crop plants grown in large amounts by farmers 11. _________ thanks to because of
Answers to exercise 2:
1. information: statistics; world: globe 2. Strong: super; races: nationalities 3. Not having enough food: hunger; sickness: disease 4. A small Southeast Asian country: Vietnam; jobs: occupations 5. Open conditions: freedom sold and sent abroad: exported
常用-ing形式作主语的句型
• It +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的 • It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没用处的 • It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得 • It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的 • There is no doing... 无法……; 不允许……
这类动词还有: excuse, fancy, give up,
put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。
当 need, want, require, worth后面接动词ing也可以表示被动。 Your hair wants cutting. The floor requires washing. That novel is not worth reading.
Unit 2 Working the land
Learning about language
必修四
Discovering useful words and expressions
1 Find the word or phrase from the text for each of these meanings.
考 例
D that with them. 1. I can’t imagine _____ A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing 2. She looks forward every spring to D the flower-lined garden. _____ A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in
they have been able to use less farmland output of _____ grain than in the past. Their ______ crops however, is still the and other ______, same, which makes it possible for them to use the remaining farmland for planting trees. These and other farmers battles in the are starting to win small ______ disturbing growth great war against the __________ of the desert.
4. ________ circulate to make information and ideas known to many people 5. ____________ would rather would prefer to 6. ________ struggle to try extremely hard to
Doing nothing is doing ill． 一直不做就是作恶。 He said, “To go on like this is useless .” 他说: “继续这样下去是无用的。” It’s an honor for me to be invited to the party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。
1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如： Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种 很好的锻炼。 Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了 我的一种日常习惯。
1. _________ sunburnt brown (skin) from spending too much time in the sun 2. ________ rid…of to make something or somebody free of 3. _________ expand to become larger in size, number or amount
3. 在there is no + Ving 的结构中如： There is no hiding of evil but not to do it． 若要人不知, 除非己莫为。
There is no joking about such matter.
这种事开不得玩笑。
1、 动名词作主语表单数概念,谓语动词用 单数形式。 Walking after supper is good for your health. 2、 动名词的复合结构作主语 动名词的复合结构是指物主代词、名词所 有格是动名词逻辑上的主语、动名词是其 逻辑上的谓语。 Your coming made us happy. Your father’s cooking is very good.
The –ing form as the Subject and Object
Have you ever seen these signs?
parking, spitting, littering, smoking
动词-ing形式
1. 构成: 在动词末尾加-ing 。 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成 2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和 数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有 时态和语态的变化。 3. 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以 作主语、宾语等。
动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：
动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作, 不定式则通常表示具体的动作。 如： 还是个孩子的时侯, 她就觉得探视病人是 一种责任, 也是一种愉悦。 As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure．
我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake．
晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?
Do you feel like having a walk with me after
supper?
人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
People couldn’t help laughing foolish man．
1.只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有 avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。 如： I can’t avoid going． Have you considered looking for one special friend?
3 Complete the passage with the words below in their proper forms.
disturbing expand output struggle battles grain crops decade equip
In the past _______, decade some of the farmers in the west of China have met with some struggle against the success in the ________ expanding desert. _________ Equipped with new __________ scientific farming methods,
2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。 在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后， 用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重 点有些不同, 动名词表示泛指的动作, 不定式表示具体的一次性动作。 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和 不定式, 意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的 时候。
2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it 作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。 常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。如: It’s no use making an excuse for this. 为这件事找借口是没有用的。 It’s dangerous swimming in the sea on windy days. 有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。
在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用 动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作
先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作。如：
There is no sense in doing
做……没有道理
There is/was no use doing
干……无意义
There is/was nothing worse than doing
没有比……更糟的
There is/was no point doing
干……无意义
完成句子
• • • • • • • • 1. 玩火危险。 Playing with fire is dangerous. _______________ 2. 和他不能开玩笑。 no joking There is ___________ with him. 3. 这份工作值得一做。 is worth doing The job ___________________ . 4. 见到你是一件非常高兴的事。 Meeting you has been a great pleasure. __________
achieve something
7. export ______ to send things to foreign countries for sale 8. satisfied ___________ with pleased by having what one wants or needs 9. ______ equip to provide with things necessary for a certain purpose 10. _____ crop plants grown in large amounts by farmers 11. _________ thanks to because of
Answers to exercise 2:
1. information: statistics; world: globe 2. Strong: super; races: nationalities 3. Not having enough food: hunger; sickness: disease 4. A small Southeast Asian country: Vietnam; jobs: occupations 5. Open conditions: freedom sold and sent abroad: exported
常用-ing形式作主语的句型
• It +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的 • It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没用处的 • It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得 • It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的 • There is no doing... 无法……; 不允许……
这类动词还有: excuse, fancy, give up,
put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。
当 need, want, require, worth后面接动词ing也可以表示被动。 Your hair wants cutting. The floor requires washing. That novel is not worth reading.
Unit 2 Working the land
Learning about language
必修四
Discovering useful words and expressions
1 Find the word or phrase from the text for each of these meanings.
考 例
D that with them. 1. I can’t imagine _____ A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing 2. She looks forward every spring to D the flower-lined garden. _____ A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in