国民收入核算

Output is demanded for private consumption service and investment,for government expenditure,and for international Trade .
产出:对私人消 费服务和投资, 政府支出,国际 贸易的需求.
商业机构支付的直接税 须在支付要素收入之前 予以扣除.
剩下的用于支付要素收 入的部分称之为国民收 入,相当于国内生产总值 的80%.
大约四分之三的要素收 入是支付给劳动的.
FIG 2-1(a)Composition of U.S. GDP in 2001
2-2 OUTLAYS AND COMPONENTS OF DEMAND
national defense expenditure, costs of road paving by state
and local governments, and salaries of government
employees
Transfer payments are not counted as part of GDP (WHY?)
提供宏观理论模 型的正式的研究 框架
有助于学习一些 表征经济的标志on of output and payments to factors of production 产量与生产要素的支付
The production side of the economy transforms inputs, such as labor and capital, into output, GDP.
income accounts provide the formal structure for our macro-theory models.
To learn a few ballpark number that help characterize the economy.
国民收入核算的 两个理由
Chapter 2
National Income Accounting 国民收入核算
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS(提要)
Gross domestic product 国内生产总值
Output is paid out primarily to labor and capital
产出主要是用于 购买劳动力和资 本
在美国,两者的 差异只有1%. 但是在其他国 家差别可能比 较明显.
GDP AND NDP
Net domestic product(NDP) is equal to GDP minus depreciation.
NDP=GDP-折旧
Depreciation is typically about 11%, so NDP is usually about 89%.(USA)
政府对商品和服 务的支出
项目
国防支出, 中央和地方政府
的道路修缮支出, 政府雇员的薪水
注意的问题:转移 支付不能作为 GDP 的组成部分
INVESTMENT (投资)
Gross private domestic investment requires some
definitions. Additions to physical stocks of capital
典型的折旧率为11%, 所以,净国内生产总 值一般为国内生产总
值的89%.
NATIONAL INCOME (国民收入)
Business pay indirect taxes that must be subtracted from NDP before making factor payments.
What’s left for making factor payments is national income, equal about 80 percent of GDP.
You should remember that about three-fourths of factor payments are payments to labor.
Factors of production
经济中的生产 方面: 将投入 (劳动和资本)转 化为产出
生产要素
Factor payments
要素支付
GDP AND GNP
In the USA, the difference between GDP and GNP is only 1 percent, but the difference can be more important in some other countries.
支付与需求的构成
The fundamental national income accounting identity is
Y=C+I+G+NX
基本的国民收入核算等式
Fig 2-1(B)产出的需求构成(USA2001)
CONSUMPTION (消费)
The chief component of demand is consumption spending by the household sectors.
Inflation is the change over time 通货膨胀是价
in the price level.
格水平在时间
尺度上的变化.
Good accounting turns data into information 好的核算体系将数据转化为信息
We study national income accounting for two reasons
需求的主要构成是消费_家庭部门的 支出。
Fig 2-2 Consumption as a Share of GDP: U.S. and Japan, 1955-2001
GOVERNMENT (政府部门)
Government purchases of goods and services
Items: