后殖民主义翻译理论

Becoming a Translator: An Accelerated Course (《成为一 名翻译家》,1997), Who translates？Translator Subjectivevities Beyond Reason (《谁在翻译？——超越理性 论译者的主体性》,1997), Translation and Empire: Postcolonical Theories Explained ( 《翻译与帝国： 后殖民理论阐释》,1997)
As the existence of the sujecct who has thoughts and feelings, subjectivity is only formed in the political contexts full of conquest and surrender. What subject think and feel is that national ideology wish him or her to do.
Three main scopes of postcolonial study
I. post-independence II. post-European colonization III.hegemony
It studies how colonial people to respond, adapt, resist or overcome colonialism and its cultural relics during independence. Here“postcolonialism” refers to the culture at the end of colonialism ( the late period of 20th century).
Antonio Gramsci put forward “hegemony” (霸权 1971)which tries to explain that authoritative power continuously plays a decisive role on selfconcept,values, political system and the personality of the entire nation. “Subjectification”(主体化) &“ interpellation”( 召 唤)are created by Louise Althusser, referring to the process of the internalized authority.
“Postcolonial theories”or “postcolonial studies” are regarded as one part of interdisplines about cultural theories or studies, in which anthropology, sociology, gender studies, the study of ethnic group,literary criticism, historiography, psychoanalysis, political science and philosophical theories are applied to study complex cultural texts and practice.
The studies of postcolonialism and translation
-------Biblioteka --后殖民研究与翻译研究By Wu Longfeng
Contents
Introduction Translation and Empire The rise of post-colonial theories Hegemony,subjectification and interpellation Transnationalism
In his book Bonded Histories: Genealogies of Labor Servitude in Colonial India (1990), Gyan Prakash gives a very constructional outline about the development of postcolonial theories just as follows: I. the first period: orientalism II. the second period: nationalism III. the third period: postcolonialism
So border culture and the untranslatability of culture are combined with his so-called “cultural translation” together : “from the perspective of postcolonialism,the revise of global issues is to change the focus of cultural differences from the space of democratic pluralism to the negotiation of borders in cultural translation. ”(Bhabha,1994:223)
References
Douglas Robinson, Translation and Empire:Postcolonial Theories Explained［M］.Manchester:St.Jerome Publishing， 1997. 谢天振.《当代国外翻译理论导读》. [C].南开大学出版 社.2009 孙会军.《普通与差异—后殖民批评视角下的翻译研究》. [M].上海译文出版社.2005.
From the point view of Homi Bhabha, culture is “untranslatable”. It is not due to that each culture is unique, special or different from other cultures. In contrast, because one culture is always integrated with other ones, which is beyond the artificial boundaries that are contained in nations.
It was in the middle term of 1980s that began the studies of translation and empire. At that time translation was thought as an indispensable way of realizing the conquest and occupation used by impreialism. One of the areas that the translation history of Empire concerns about is to choose and train interpreters to coordinate the relationship between colonizers and the colonized.
It studies the relationship of all cultures, society, nations, ethnics and other cultures. For instance, it focus on the research that how the conqueror culture to make the conquered culture succumb to their wishes and that how the conquered culture to respond, adapt, resist or overcome this oppression. “Postcolonialism” here refers to the understanding about rights and politics at the end of 20th century, which covers the period of the entire humans history.
Interpellation(召唤) is another term that is applied to refer to entering subjectivity/the state of surrender. It means that by giving someone a name, especially a call from the authority, that person becomes the object called.
This period refers to the 16th century. “Postcolonialism” here is referred as the culture after the start of colonialism. It studies how colonial people to respond, adapt, resist or overcome colonialism and its cultural relics after colonialism.
Douglas Robinson is a professor at the English Department of Mississippi. He is mainly engaged in the study of language ,literature and translation. He put forward the term “Postcolonical Theories” in 1997 at first. And he has published lots of books about translation theories,such as the Translator’s Turn (《译者的 登场》，1991), Translation and Taboo (《翻译 与禁忌》，1996)， What is Translation?(《何 为 翻 译 》,1997), Western Translation Theory From Herododus to Nietzsche (《西方翻译理论： 从希罗多德到尼采)
In the postcolonial vision of western localization, another key word is “diaspora”(流散) , which is an imaginary method about border culture all over the world. In the recent post-colonial research it is used to indicate diversity, exotic , fusion and the fact that all nations in the world are from some place and settle in different places now.